JP2009114449A - 構造化脂質組成物およびその調製方法 - Google Patents
構造化脂質組成物およびその調製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009114449A JP2009114449A JP2008287999A JP2008287999A JP2009114449A JP 2009114449 A JP2009114449 A JP 2009114449A JP 2008287999 A JP2008287999 A JP 2008287999A JP 2008287999 A JP2008287999 A JP 2008287999A JP 2009114449 A JP2009114449 A JP 2009114449A
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Abstract
【解決手段】この新規の脂質組成物によって、カロリー低減、体重管理、健康効果、またはそれらのあらゆる組み合わせを提供するような、非常に望ましい食事効果を同時に得ることができ、また、トランス脂肪酸を生じないように調製することもできる。
【選択図】図1
Description
(B)混合物のモル比=(S+M)/(L+U)
混合物全体のモル比が、約0.6乃至約3.8であることが好ましく、約0.6乃至約2.4であることがより好ましい。約0.6乃至約3.8の混合物全体のモル比(B)によって、本願明細書の構造化トリグリセリドの混合物は、コーン油よりも少ない生物学的に利用可能なエネルギー(すなわち、約9kcal/g未満)を供給する。約0.6乃至約2.4の混合物全体のモル比(B)によって、本願明細書の構造化脂質組成物の混合物は、コーン油よりも少ない生物学的に利用可能なエネルギー(すなわち、約9kcal/g未満)を供給する。そして、哺乳類の消化管内で消化されたときに、それらは、同等量の消化されたコーン油よりも、効果的にそのエネルギー含量をより多くエネルギー消費(すなわち「燃焼」)に転換し、体脂肪の蓄積(すなわち「蓄え」)がより少なくなる形態で吸収および代謝される。カロリーが最も減じられるのは、概して比率Bの下限に達したときに見られると考えられ、また、燃焼と貯蔵効果との比率が最も大きくなるのは比率Bの上限に達するときに見られると考えられる。好適な一形態では、「L」は、ゼロとなるかまたはゼロに近くなり得る。しかし、場合によっては、「L」は、ゼロより大きい場合もある。すなわち、例えば、構造化脂質が、上記に定義したように、好ましくはそのグリセロール部分内に長鎖脂肪酸残基を含まない場合であっても、混合物全体は、一部の長鎖飽和脂肪酸を含むことができる。
(B)混合物のモル比=(S+M)/(L+U)
混合物のモル比が、約0.6乃至約3.8であることが好ましく、約0.6乃至約2.4であることがより好ましい。約0.6乃至約3.8の混合物のモル比(B)によって、本願明細書の構造化トリグリセリドの混合物は、コーン油よりも少ない生物学的に利用可能なエネルギー(すなわち、約9kcal/g未満)を供給する。約0.6乃至約2.4の混合物のモル比(B)によって、本願明細書の構造化脂質組成物の混合物は、コーン油よりも少ない生物学的に利用可能なエネルギー(すなわち、約9kcal/g未満)を供給する。そして、哺乳類の消化管内で消化されるときに、それらは、吸収され、同等量の消化されたコーン油よりも、効果的にそのエネルギー含量をより多くエネルギー消費(すなわち「燃焼」)に転換し、体脂肪の蓄積(すなわち「蓄え」)がより少なくなるモノマーに代謝される。
位置特異的な酵素媒介合成を経た構造化脂質
他の脂質組成物は、U鎖酸残基との組み合わせで、SまたはMを有するのみの、またはMおよびL、または、MおよびU鎖酸残基を有するトリアシルグリセロールとの混合のトリアシルグリセロール構造を含む。またこのようなトリグリセリド混合物は、単一ステップのランダムなエステル交換合成によって調製することができる。
本実施例は、リパーゼ触媒による合成および反応物質の操作を経て、短鎖、中鎖、不飽和長鎖、および/または飽和長鎖酸置換基の異なる組み合わせを有する、トリグリセリド混合物の調査を例証するものである。
ポリマー結合リパーゼ(ムコールミーヘイ:Mucor miehei;IM−60)は、Novo Industries社から入手した。充填床反応器(packed−bed reactor:PBR)は、60℃に保持したNeslab RTE−110熱調節バスに接続した32×1.2cmのジャケット付ガラス反応器内に、6.2gのIM−60を入れて構成した。Ismatec社製の蠕動ポンプにて、反応物質を、PBRの通過につき約40乃至約43分の平均露出時間にわたって、1.0mL/分でPBRを通して供給した。
ヘキサン内の9:1のモル比のステアリン酸エチル(少量のエチルパルミチン酸塩を含有する)およびトリブチリンを、(1mL/分の流量で)60℃の充填床反応器内でIM−60触媒に露出させて、次の定量的収量のモノ長鎖生成物を生成した。HPLCの分析によると、1−ステアロイル−2,3−ジ(ブチロイル)グリセロール、および少量の1−パルミトイル−2,3−ジ(ブチロイル)グリセロール。
同じ溶液の反応物質を、(1mL/分の流量で)60℃のPBR内でIM−60触媒により長く露出させて(すなわち、2回以上PBRを通過させて)、約88パーセントの1,3−ジ(ステアロイル)−2−ブチロイルグリセロールと、約8パーセントの1−ステアロイル−2,3−ジ(ブチロイル)グリセロールと、約4パーセントのトリステアリンとを生成した。
3:1のモル比のオレイン酸および1,3−ジ(ステアロイル)−2−ブチルグリセロールを含有するヘキサンの溶液を、(1mL/分の流量で)60℃のPBR内でIM−60触媒を通して循環させた。HPLC分析では、主要生成物が1−ステアロイル−3−オレオイル−2−ブチロイルグリセロール(40パーセント)であることを示した。また、次の少量の生成物が検出された。1,3−ジ(オレオイル)−2−ブチロイル−グリセロール(12パーセント)、1,3−ジ(ステアロイル)−2−ブチロイルグリセロール(16パーセント)、1,3−ジ(オレオイル)−2−ステアロイルグリセロール(18パーセント)、およびトリオレイン(14パーセント)。
本実施例では、リパーゼ触媒による合成を経た、短鎖、中鎖、および不飽和長鎖酸置換基を有するトリグリセリド混合物の調製を実証する。
動物の摂食研究を行って、本願明細書で述べたトリグリセリド混合物を代表する試験油を含む、各種の食用油の消化および吸収を評価した。ウィーンリング(Weenling)ラットを被験物として使用した。ベニバナ油(1.0モル)およびトリプロピオニンまたはトリブチリン(2.5、4または12モル)の6つの混合物をエステル交換した。この6つの組成物を、表1に示す以下の量の反応物質で調製した。
第2の動物の摂食研究を行い、本発明を代表する試験油を含む、各種の食用油の消化および吸収を評価した。ウィーンリングラットを被験物として使用し、実施例3と同じプロトコルを使用した。本研究では、既定の成長方法を用いて、複数の試験油のカロリー利用能を評価すること、および齧歯動物内の身体組成のLunar DPX−IQデュアルエネルギーX線吸光光度評価によって本方法の使用をさらに確認することを目的とした(非特許文献43)。規定の成長モデルは、非特許文献44に記載されている。
ベースライン期間に用いた対照食およびALラットに対する研究全体は、標準的なAIN93G食(Finleyら)に類似したが、必須脂肪酸を提供するためだけに十分な最低限の量の脂肪を用いた。試験食は、50パーセントのCR食と同じものに、AL食における総カロリーの約18パーセントを占める、コーン油、または4つの試験油のうちの1つを加えたものであった。コーン油は、標準的な源から得た。構造化グリセロールエステルを含む4つの試験油を調製し、これらの油は、特定量の短鎖、中鎖、長鎖飽和、および不飽和脂肪酸を有するトリグリセリド複合物の特定の混合物で構成した。
体重増加は、3日目から14日目まで分析し、それぞれについて回帰方程式を計算した。体重は、供給期間全体にわたって測定した。これらの急激な給餌法に基づいた成長曲線は、基本的に直線であることが分かった。各グループの成長速度が脂肪の利用能の関数であると仮定して、利用可能なカロリー値は、回帰方程式を使用し、既知の標準としてコーン油を用いて、各補給脂肪について推定した。各試験油の利用可能なカロリー値および計算した回帰方程式を、以下の表9に要約する。全ての試験油は、対照コーン油に対して、生物学的に利用可能なエネルギーの低減を示した(すなわち、約9kcal/g未満)。
複数の身体組成の終了点を、動物の摂食研究の終わりに測定した。その測定の1つは体脂肪含量であった。身体組成は、非特許文献45に記載されているように、デュアルエネルギーX線吸光光度法によって評価して、除脂肪量(「FEM」、すなわち、骨および除脂肪体重)または脂肪量(「FM」)を測定した。要約したものを以下の表10に示す。
Claims (25)
- 以下の組成式の合成トリグリセリドの混合物を含む、食品の調製に有用な脂質組成物であって、
モル比=(S+M)/(L+U) - 前記モル比が約0.6乃至約2.4であり、哺乳類の消化管内で消化されるときに、前記合成トリグリセリドの混合物は、同等量の消化されたコーン油よりも、効果的にそのエネルギー含量をより多くエネルギー消費に転換し、体脂肪の蓄積がより少なくなるように吸収および代謝される、請求項1に記載の脂質組成物。
- 前記混合物内の少なくとも約14重量パーセントのトリグリセリドは、2個乃至4個の炭素原子を有する短鎖脂肪酸残基としての前記R2基と、 14個乃至24個の炭素原子を有する不飽和長鎖脂肪酸残基としての前記R1およびR3基のうちの1つと、2個乃至4個の炭素原子を有する短鎖脂肪酸残基としての前記R1およびR3基のうちの他方と、を有する、請求項1に記載の脂質組成物。
- 前記合成トリグリセリドの混合物は、約7乃至約8kcal/gの生物学的に利用可能なエネルギーを供給する、請求項3に記載の脂質組成物。
- 前記混合物内の約30乃至約80重量パーセントのトリグリセリドは、14個乃至24個の炭素原子を有する飽和長鎖脂肪酸残基としての前記R2基と、6個乃至12個の炭素原子を有する中鎖脂肪酸残基としての前記R1およびR3基のうちの1つと、14個乃至24個の炭素原子を有する飽和長鎖脂肪酸残基としての前記R1およびR3基の他方と、を有する、請求項1に記載の脂質組成物。
- 前記合成トリグリセリドの混合物は、約4乃至約6kcal/gの生物学的に利用可能なエネルギーを供給する、請求項5に記載の脂質組成物。
- 前記混合物内の少なくとも約50重量パーセントの前記トリグリセリドは、2個乃至4個の炭素原子を有する短鎖脂肪酸残基、6個乃至12個の炭素原子を有する中鎖脂肪酸残基、およびその混合物から成る群から選択された前記R2基と、14個乃至24個の炭素原子を有する不飽和長鎖脂肪酸残基である前記R1またはR3基のうちの1つと、R2とは異なり、2個乃至4個の炭素原子を有する短鎖脂肪酸残基、および6個乃至12個の炭素原子を有する中鎖脂肪酸残基から成る群から選択された、前記R1およびR3基の他方と、を有する、請求項1に記載の脂質組成物。
- 前記合成トリグリセリドの混合物は、基本的にトランス脂肪酸を含まない、請求項1に記載の脂質組成物。
- 前記合成トリグリセリドの混合物は、約24℃で実質的に液体の油を含む、請求項1に記載の脂質組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の脂質組成物を含有する食品。
- 同等量のトウコロコシ油を有する食品と比較して、前記脂質組成物を含有する前記食品が、哺乳類の消化管内で消化および代謝されるときに、前記脂質組成物は、効果的にそのエネルギー含量をより多くエネルギー消費に転換し、体脂肪の蓄積がより少なくなるように吸収および代謝される量で存在する、請求項10に記載の食品。
- 構造化脂質の混合物を形成するための方法であって、
(i)以下の基およびその混合物からなる群から選択された第1の合成トリグリセリドで、
(ii)以下の基およびその混合物から成る群から選択された第2の合成トリグリセリドで、
(iii)1,3位特異的リパーゼと、
(iv)酸またはC2−C4酸エステルと、を反応させるステップを含み、
前記反応させるステップは、以下の組成式を有する第3の合成トリグリセリドを形成できる条件で行われ、
- RxおよびRzのうちの1つは、Uである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- RsおよびRuのうちの1つは、Uである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 脂質成分を含有する食品成分が、哺乳類の消化管内に吸収および代謝されるときに、より多くのエネルギー含量を発熱プロセスに転じ、そのエネルギー含量の体脂肪への蓄積を少なくする方法であって、請求項1に記載の合成トリグリセリドの混合物によって、前記脂質成分の少なくとも一部を置換するステップを含む、方法。
- 構造化脂質の混合物を形成するための方法であって、
約1乃至約15モルの短鎖トリグリセリド(SSS)、
約1乃至約10モルの中鎖トリグリセリド(MMM)、および
約0.5乃至約5モルの不飽和長鎖トリグリセリド(UUU)の成分の塩基触媒エステル交換を含み、
反応させるステップは、以下の組成式を有する合成トリグリセリドの混合物を形成できる条件で、塩基触媒の存在下で行われ、
- 前記合成トリグリセリドの混合物は、次式の、前記短鎖脂肪酸残基(S)と、前記中鎖脂肪酸残基(M)と、14個乃至24個の炭素原子を有する飽和長鎖脂肪酸残基(L)と、長鎖不飽和脂肪酸残基(U)との、約0.6乃至約3.8であるモル比を有する、請求項17に記載の方法。
モル比=(S+M)/(L+U) - 前記モル比が約0.6乃至約2.4であり、哺乳類の消化管内で消化されたときに、前記合成トリグリセリドの混合物は、同等量の消化されたコーン油よりも、効果的にそのエネルギー含量をより多くエネルギー消費に転換し、体脂肪の蓄積がより少なくなるように吸収および代謝される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記SSSトリグリセリドは、酢酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸、およびその混合物のトリグリセリドから成る群から選択され、前記MMMトリグリセリドは、カプロン酸、カプリル酸、カプリン酸、ラウリン酸、およびそれらの混合物のトリグリセリドから成る群から選択され、前記LLLトリグリセリドは、ステアリン酸、ラウリン酸、ベヘン酸、アラキジン酸、パルミチン酸、およびその混合物のトリグリセリドから成る群から選択され、前記UUUトリグリセリドは、パルミトレイン酸、オレイル酸、バクセン酸、リノール酸、α−リノレン酸、γ−リノレン酸、ガドレイン酸、アラキドン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸、エルカ酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸、およびその混合物のトリグリセリドから成る群から選択される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記合成トリグリセリドの混合物から揮発性トリアシルグリセロールを除去するステップをさらに含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記合成トリグリセリドの混合物は、約7乃至約8kcal/gの生物学的に利用可能なエネルギーを供給する、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記合成トリグリセリドの混合物は、さらに、14個乃至24個の炭素原子を有する飽和長鎖脂肪酸残基(L)としての前記R2基と、 6個乃至12個の炭素原子を有する中鎖脂肪酸残基(M)としての前記R1およびR3基のうちの1つと、14個乃至24個の炭素原子を有する飽和長鎖脂肪酸残基(L)としての前記R1およびR3基の他方とを有する、トリグリセリドを約30乃至約80重量パーセント含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記合成トリグリセリドの混合物は、約4乃至約6kcal/gの生物学的に利用可能なエネルギーを供給する、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記塩基触媒は、ナトリウムメトキシドである、請求項17に記載の方法。
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JP2014533958A (ja) * | 2011-11-24 | 2014-12-18 | スパームヴァイタル アクティーゼルスカブ | リパーゼ酵素を使用するハイドロゲルの調製方法 |
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JP2021525227A (ja) * | 2018-06-01 | 2021-09-24 | ソシエテ・デ・プロデュイ・ネスレ・エス・アー | 食品用ブチレート |
Also Published As
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BRPI0804806A2 (pt) | 2009-10-20 |
CA2643203C (en) | 2017-02-14 |
NZ572528A (en) | 2010-07-30 |
MX2008014265A (es) | 2009-05-22 |
EP2057902B1 (en) | 2012-04-04 |
CA2643203A1 (en) | 2009-05-08 |
JP5512955B2 (ja) | 2014-06-04 |
US8206772B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 |
ES2383098T3 (es) | 2012-06-18 |
AU2008237599B2 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
US20090123634A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
EP2057902A1 (en) | 2009-05-13 |
AU2008237599A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
PL2057902T3 (pl) | 2012-08-31 |
ATE551910T1 (de) | 2012-04-15 |
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