JP2009026741A - 新規の共結晶金属化合物および同化合物を用いる電気化学酸化還元活性材料 - Google Patents
新規の共結晶金属化合物および同化合物を用いる電気化学酸化還元活性材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009026741A JP2009026741A JP2008102129A JP2008102129A JP2009026741A JP 2009026741 A JP2009026741 A JP 2009026741A JP 2008102129 A JP2008102129 A JP 2008102129A JP 2008102129 A JP2008102129 A JP 2008102129A JP 2009026741 A JP2009026741 A JP 2009026741A
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- Prior art keywords
- active material
- phosphate
- metal compound
- redox active
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- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical compound [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 18
- 229940000489 arsenate Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003113 alkalizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910003471 inorganic composite material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 12
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 12
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229940116007 ferrous phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 229910000155 iron(II) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- SDEKDNPYZOERBP-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(ii) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O SDEKDNPYZOERBP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 11
- 239000002052 molecular layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013504 Triton X-100 Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 230000021962 pH elevation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenic acid Chemical compound O[As](O)(O)=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940000488 arsenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical group [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000075 oxide glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010951 particle size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/447—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on phosphates, e.g. hydroxyapatite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Compounds Of Iron (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】電気化学酸化還元活性物質は、一般式AXMO4-yXOy・M’Oを有する共結晶金属化合物を含み、その一般式では、Aはアルカリ金属で成るグループから選択される少なくとも1つの金属元素であり、MおよびM’は、全く同じか、または異なり、お互い関係なく遷移金属および半金属から成るグループから選択される少なくとも1つであり、XはPまたはAsであり、0.9≦x≦1.1、および0<y<4である。
【選択図】なし
Description
金属粒子およびをリン酸塩またはヒ酸塩含有の化合物の反応
半結晶ナノスケール粒子混合物の形成
球形凝集技術
焼成
評価試験の結果
容量
サイクリック・ボルタモグラム
X線回析図形
AEM(分析透過型電子顕微鏡)写真
利点
2 分子層殻
3 界面活性拡散層
Claims (16)
- Aはアルカリ金属で成るグループから選択される少なくとも1つの金属元素であり、MおよびM’は、全く同じか、または異なり、お互い関係なく遷移金属および半金属から成るグループから選択される少なくとも1つであり、XはPまたはAsであり、0.9≦x≦1.1、および 0 < y < 4である一般的公式AXMO4−yXOy・M’Oを有する共結晶金属化合物を含むことを特徴とする電気化学酸化還元活性物質。
- AはLi、Na、K、Be、Mg、Ca、BおよびAlから成るグループから選択される少なくとも一つであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学酸化還元活性物質。
- AはLiであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学酸化還元活性物質。
- MおよびM’は、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、W、Pd、Ag、Pt、Cd、Sb、Bi、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、B、Al、Sn、Ga、In、SiおよびGeから成る不ループから選択される少なくとも一つで互いに独立していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学酸化還元活性物質。
- Mは、Feであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学酸化還元活性物質。
- M’は、Mg、TiまたはVであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学酸化還元活性物質。
- 前記共結晶金属化合物上に形成される炭素の層をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学酸化還元活性物質。
- Mは遷移金属および半金属から成るグループから選択される少なくとも1つであり、0
< y < 4である金属化合物MO4−yXOyを作成する場合、金属粒子をリン酸塩またはヒ酸塩含有の化合物と反応させるステップと、
M’は遷移金属および半金属から成るグループから選択される少なくとも1つであるMO4−yXOy/A(I)/M’Oを含む半結晶ナノスケール粒子混合物を作成する場合、アルカリ金属イオンA(I)、前記金属化合物および無機担体M’Oのアルカリ化反応を実行するステップと、
前記溶液を乾燥させ前駆体にするステップと、
一般的公式AXMO4−yXOy・M’Oを有する共結晶複合材料を形成する、不活性ガスの存在下で前記前駆体を焼成するステップを含む電気化学酸化還元活性物質を製造する過程。 - 有機/無機複合材料がリン酸塩/ヒ酸塩溶液のpHを調節し、前記リン酸塩/ヒ酸塩反応を促進するために、前記リン酸塩/ヒ酸塩溶液に加えられることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の過程。
- 粉砕および分散作用を実行する間に、前記アルカリ化反応が実施されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の過程。
- 前記前駆体を焼成する間に炭素粒子を前記不活性ガスの中で懸濁することによって、前記共結晶金属化合物上に炭素の層を形成し、それによって複合材料AXMO4−yXOy・M’Oを結果的にもたらすステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の過程。
- AはLi、Na、K、Be、Mg、Ca、BおよびAlから成るグループから選択される少なくとも一つであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の過程。
- AはLiであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の過程。
- MおよびM’は、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、W、Pd、Ag、Pt、Cd、Sb、Bi、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、B、Al、Sn、Ga、In、SiおよびGeから成る不ループから選択される少なくとも一つで互いに独立していることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の過程。
- Mは、Feであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の過程。
- M’は、Mg、TiまたはVであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の過程。
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