KR100950130B1 - 신규한 공결정성 금속 화합물과 상기 화합물을 사용하는전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질 - Google Patents
신규한 공결정성 금속 화합물과 상기 화합물을 사용하는전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100950130B1 KR100950130B1 KR1020080046836A KR20080046836A KR100950130B1 KR 100950130 B1 KR100950130 B1 KR 100950130B1 KR 1020080046836 A KR1020080046836 A KR 1020080046836A KR 20080046836 A KR20080046836 A KR 20080046836A KR 100950130 B1 KR100950130 B1 KR 100950130B1
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- active material
- redox active
- electrochemical redox
- phosphate
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003113 alkalizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 229940116007 ferrous phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 9
- 229910000155 iron(II) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- SDEKDNPYZOERBP-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(ii) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O SDEKDNPYZOERBP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013504 Triton X-100 Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010512 thermal transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HLERILKGMXJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N norvaline betaine Chemical compound CCCC(C([O-])=O)[N+](C)(C)C HLERILKGMXJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001251 solid state electrolyte alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenic acid Chemical class O[As](O)(O)=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical group [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/447—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on phosphates, e.g. hydroxyapatite
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
Description
금속 산화물 | 첫 번째 충전 용량 (mAh/g) | 첫 번째 방전 용량 (mAh/g) | 열 번째 충전 용량 (mAh/g) | 열 번째 방전 용량 (mAh/g) |
MgO | 131 | 131 | 133 | 132 |
TiO2 | 168 | 144 | 147 | 146 |
V2O5 | 165 | 141 | 145 | 143 |
금속 산화물 | V2O5 | MgO | TiO2 |
a[Å] | 10.3563 | 10.3508 | 10.3410 |
b[Å] | 6.0160 | 6.0144 | 6.0203 |
c[Å] | 4.6934 | 4.6979 | 4.6956 |
α,β,γ[deg] | 90 | 90 | 90 |
V[Å3] | 292.4 | 292.5 | 292.3 |
Claims (16)
- 일반식 AxMO4-yXOy·M'O를 가지는 공결정성(cocrystalline) 금속 화합물을 포함하는 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질, 여기서 A는 알칼리 금속으로 구성된 그룹에서 선택되는 적어도 하나의 금속 원소이고, M과 M'은 동일하거나 다를 수 있고 전이금속과 반금속(semimetal)으로 구성된 그룹에서 서로 독립적으로 선택되는 적어도 하나일 수 있으며, X는 P 또는 As이고, 0.9 ≤ x ≤ 1.1 및 0 < y < 4이다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, A가 Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, B 및 Al로 구성된 그룹에서 선택되는 적어도 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, A가 Li인 것을 특징으로 하는 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, M과 M'이 서로 독립적으로 Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Pd, Ag, Pt, Cd, Sb, Bi, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, B, Al, Sn, Ga, In, Si 및 Ge로 구성된 그룹에서 선택되는 적어도 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, M이 Fe인 것을 특징으로 하는 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, M'이 Mg, Ti 또는 V인 것을 특징으로 하는 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 공결정성 금속 화합물에 형성된 탄소 층을 더욱 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질.
- 다음의 단계를 포함하는, 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질을 제조하는 방법:a) 금속 입자를 인산염- 또는 비산염-함유 용액으로 반응시켜 금속 화합물 MO4-yXOy을 제조하는 단계, 여기서 M은 전이 금속과 반금속으로 구성된 그룹에서 선택되는 적어도 하나이고, 0 < y < 4 이고;b) 알칼리 금속 이온 A(I), 상기 금속 화합물 및 무기 담체 M'O의 알칼리화 반응을 수행하여 MO4-yXOy/A(I)/M'O를 함유하는 반결정성 나노-스케일 입자 혼합물을 제조하는 단계, 여기서 M'은 전이 금속과 반금속으로 구성된 그룹에서 선택되는 적어도 하나이고;c) 상기 반결정성 나노-스케일 입자 혼합물을 전구체로 건조하는 단계; 및d) 비활성 기체의 존재하에 상기 전구체를 하소하여 일반식 AxMO4-yXOy·M'O를 가지는 공결정성 금속 화합물을 형성하는 단계.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, 상기 a) 단계에서, 상기 인산염- 또는 비산염-함유 용액의 pH를 조절하고 인산염화/비산염화 반응을 가속시키기 위하여 상기 인산염- 또는 비산염-함유 용액에 계면활성제를 첨가하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질을 제조하는 방법.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, 상기 b) 단계에서, 상기 알칼리화 반응은, 알칼리 금속 이온 A(I), 금속 화합물 및 무기담체 M'O의 알칼리화로 형성된 비정질 입자 혼합물의 분쇄 및 분산 작용이 일어나는 동안 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질을 제조하는 방법.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, 전구체를 하소(calcining)하는 동안 비활성 기체에서 탄소 입자를 부유시켜 공결정성 금속 화합물에 탄소 층을 형성함으로써, 복합 물질 AxMO4-yXOy·M'O/C를 산출하는 단계를 더욱 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질을 제조하는 방법.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, A는 Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, B 및 Al로 구성된 그룹에서 선택되는 적어도 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는, 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질을 제조하는 방법.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, A는 Li인 것을 특징으로 하는, 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질을 제조하는 방법.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, M과 M'이 서로 독립적으로 Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Pd, Ag, Pt, Cd, Sb, Bi, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, B, Al, Sn, Ga, In, Si 및 Ge로 구성된 그룹에서 선택되는 적어도 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는, 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질을 제조하는 방법.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, M이 Fe인 것을 특징으로 하는, 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질을 제조하는 방법.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, M'이 Mg, Ti 또는 V인 것을 특징으로 하는, 전기화학적 산화환원 활성 물질을 제조하는 방법.
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