JP2008536561A - 人造胃バルブ - Google Patents
人造胃バルブ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008536561A JP2008536561A JP2008506550A JP2008506550A JP2008536561A JP 2008536561 A JP2008536561 A JP 2008536561A JP 2008506550 A JP2008506550 A JP 2008506550A JP 2008506550 A JP2008506550 A JP 2008506550A JP 2008536561 A JP2008536561 A JP 2008536561A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
- A61F5/0003—Apparatus for the treatment of obesity; Anti-eating devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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- A61F5/0003—Apparatus for the treatment of obesity; Anti-eating devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
Description
胃バイパスは、病的な肥満の治療に用いられる、最も一般的な外科的な処置である。この処置は、組織を切断し、分割するステイプラー(stapler)の使用を含む。これは、より小さい胃として利用できる小袋を作るために使用される。この小袋は、区分けされた腸の突き出た部分に取り付けられる。最終的に、腸の連続性は、腸を腸に取り付けることにより、回復される。
胃バンドの目的は、バルブとして機能するように胃の中央部を狭くすることである。バルブは、胃において食物が利用可能な空間を減らし、胃が空になることを遅らせる。このことは、希望的には人々により少なく食べさせ、そしてより少ない頻度で食べたいと思わせる。バンドは、皮膚の下に配置された穴を通じて液体を挿入することにより、きつくすることができる。新しい産出は、侵襲の針なしにバンドの膨張を提供するだろう。しかしながら、その出口は固定されたままであり、そしてバンドは、高い圧力の領域を示すだろう。
食物の摂取を軽減するという単純な概念が、空間を占めるバルーンである。これらは、内視鏡の援助により挿入される。バルーンは、600から850ccまで膨張する。これは、胃における空間の大きな部分を占めており、早期に満腹感をもたらす。
胃道又は基本神経(essential nerve)のいずれかへのペースメーカーによる電気的な刺激を用いることを切り開いたいくつかの研究デザインがある。最も研究されたのは、メドトロニック(Medtronics)により最近買収されたトランスニューロニックス(Transneuronix)により実用化されたトランス胃ペーシング(trans gastric pacing)であり、最少額で2億6千万ドルである。この取引は、インセンティブがあれば10億ドルにも値し得る。
経口のアプローチは、切開なしに消化管に接近することの潜在的な可能性を提供する。理論的には、一般麻酔または気管内への挿管なしに、外来診療において処置がなされ得る。これらのアプローチは、疾患を制限し、敗血症の進展、外傷の悪化、および瘻孔をよりありえなくし得る。最終的に、外来患者の処置のコストの潜在的な低減は、治療をより手頃なものにし得る。
口腔装置の概念は、軟口蓋の下の空間を占有することである。これは、患者に、小さく噛んでゆっくり食べ、そして希望的には少ない食事を食べることを強いる。そのDDS(サイエンティフィック・インテイク社)と呼ばれる装置は、食べる前に患者により挿入され、食事が終わると取り外される。各々の人は、製造された歯型を有し、装置はカスタムメイドである。最近の修正は、コンプライアンス(compliance)を確認するため、チップが挿入されることを可能にする。
いくつかのアプローチは、小さくされた胃の大きさと、内部の限定的な肥満手術を実施するために設計されている。このアイデアは、垂直遮断胃形成術(vertical banded gastroplasty)により行われるものと同様に、胃の容積を減らすためのものである。いくつかの確立され、および立ち上げられた企業は、これらの技術を調査している。それらは、縫合装置と胃壁を融合する方法との組み合わせのいずれかを利用することを試みている。
経口の胃バイパスの利益を再現するための他の技術は、胃スリーブまたはエレファントトランクである。そのアイデアは、ステントなどの取り付け器具により消化管に固定されるグラフト(graft)を利用する。グラフトは空腸内、または回腸基部に留められる。食物は、消化酵素と混合されることなしに導管を下に向かって通過し、小腸での吸収が減らされる。これは、胃バイパスを模した胃の制限装置と潜在的に組み合わせられる。他のものも、このような技術を調整可能な腹腔鏡胃バンド(Adjustable Laparoscopic Gastric Band)と組み合わせることを提案している。
米国において最も一般的な手術は、胃バイパスである。胃バイパスについては、多くの研究者が、過剰な体重の70%を超える体重の減少を報告している。しかしながら、この効き目は、合併症なしに得られるものではない。その処置による許容された死亡者数は、200人中1人である。メディケアの受益者の中には、より多い数でさえも報告されている。さらに、常習率の上昇が認められる。最大の体重減少量の10〜40%の体重増加が報告されている。手術のすぐ後では、ほとんどの患者が食欲が低下すると報告している。残念なことに、手術後6〜12か月経過すると、再び食欲に駆り立てられる。ほとんどの場合、彼らが一度食物をとれば、その食物摂取量を食べることはできないままである。しかしながら、彼らは、このことを、少量のカロリーの高い食物をより頻繁に食べることに入れ替えてしまう。小袋の拡張と、胃と腸の間にある付属物の膨張とがあり得る。
Claims (43)
- 体重過多および肥満の患者を治療するための方法であって、
制限的な人造胃バルブを消化管の所定の部分に適用し、
消化管の内側の開放を可変的に制御し、食物が摂取されるとき、もしくは食物が摂取されると予期されるときに、食物の流れを制御および規制するために、その人造胃バルブの開放を自動的にかつ即時に制御する方法。 - 人造胃バルブが、消化管の内側の開放を制限および弛緩する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 消化管の内側の開放が、所定の時間で制限および弛緩される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 消化管の内側の開放が、センサからの信号に応じて制限および弛緩される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 複数の人造胃バルブを含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 人造胃バルブの制限が、食事の開始、もしくは食事に関連する他の体の作用により開始される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 人造胃バルブの制御が、モータにより直径が変化する機械的なリング形状により実施される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 人造胃バルブの制御が、人造胃バルブの内側のバルーンに液体を押し出し、およびバルーンからくみ出すピストンにより実施される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 人造胃バルブの制御が、ふいご容器の内部の液体を、AGVの内側のバルーンに押し出し、およびバルーンからくみ出すモータにより実施される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 人造胃バルブの制御が、体内の容器に蓄えられ、人造胃バルブの内側のバルーンにポンプにより押し出され、およびバルーンからくみ出される液体もしくは気体により実施される請求項1に記載の方法。
- バッテリが人造胃バルブの直径を変化させるための電力を供給する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 充電可能なバッテリが人造胃バルブの直径を変化させるための電力を供給し、バッテリが、体の外側に配置されたリモートチャージャにより充電される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 管腔内部を膨張させる装置が、胃の内部に配置され、かつ内視鏡により置かれている請求項1に記載の方法。
- 人造胃バルブが、胃以外の消化管の一部に配置されている請求項1に記載の方法。
- 人造胃バルブが、胃に配置されている請求項1に記載の方法。
- 無線通信を介して外部から変更可能な制御アルゴリズムにより制御される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 体重過多および肥満の患者を治療するための装置であって、
消化管の所定の部分に配置された制限的な人造胃バルブと、
消化管の内側の開放を可変的に制御し、食物が摂取されるとき、もしくは食物が摂取されると予期されるときに、食物の流れを制御および規制するために、その人造胃バルブの開放を自動的にかつ即時に制御する制御システムとを備えた装置。 - 人造胃バルブが、消化管の内側の開放を制限および弛緩する請求項17に記載の装置。
- 消化管の内側の開放が、所定の時間で制限および弛緩される請求項17に記載の装置。
- 消化管の内側の開放が、センサからの信号に応じて制限および弛緩される請求項17に記載の装置。
- 複数の人造胃バルブを含む請求項17に記載の装置。
- 人造胃バルブの制限が、食事の開始、もしくは食事に関連する他の体の作用により開始される請求項17に記載の装置。
- 人造胃バルブの制御が、モータにより直径が変化する機械的なリング形状により実施される請求項17に記載の装置。
- 人造胃バルブの制御が、人造胃バルブの内側のバルーンに液体を押し出し、およびバルーンからくみ出すピストンにより実施される請求項17に記載の装置。
- 人造胃バルブの制御が、ふいご容器の内部の液体を、AGVの内側のバルーンに押し出し、およびバルーンからくみ出すモータにより実施される請求項17に記載の装置。
- 人造胃バルブの制御が、体内の容器に蓄えられ、人造胃バルブの内側のバルーンにポンプにより押し出され、およびバルーンからくみ出される液体もしくは気体により実施される請求項17に記載の装置。
- バッテリが人造胃バルブの直径を変化させるための電力を供給する請求項17に記載の装置。
- 充電可能なバッテリが人造胃バルブの直径を変化させるための電力を供給し、バッテリが、体の外側に配置されたリモートチャージャにより充電される請求項17に記載の装置。
- 管腔内部を膨張させる装置が、胃の内部に配置され、かつ内視鏡により置かれている請求項17に記載の装置。
- 人造胃バルブが、胃以外の消化管の一部に配置されている請求項17に記載の装置。
- センサが、被験者の口における配置に適応されている請求項20に記載の装置。
- センサが、被験者の手足における配置に適応されている請求項20に記載の装置。
- センサが、被験者の消化管における配置に適応されている請求項30に記載の装置。
- センサが、胃の受け入れ弛緩、唾液の分泌、咀嚼、嚥下、ホルモンの分泌、血中グルコースレベルの変化、心拍変動の変化、もしくは胃の拡張、インピーダンスを含むその電気的なパラメータの変化などの胃における他の変化を含むグループから選択される体の作用に応答可能である請求項20に記載の装置。
- センサが、超音波、赤外部、電気、ラジオ波もしくは磁気的エネルギーを含むグループから選択されたエネルギーに応答可能である請求項20に記載の装置。
- センサが、胃に向かう血流の増加の測定、温度の変化、局所的な化学的性質の変化、または局所的な環境での変化に応答可能である請求項20に記載の装置。
- AGVの操作に関連した情報を記憶するためのメモリをさらに含む請求項17に記載の装置。
- 外部での使用のために抽出可能な情報を記憶するためのメモリをさらに含む請求項17に記載の装置。
- 情報が、食事の情報を含む請求項38に記載の装置。
- 情報が、血糖の測定を含む請求項38に記載の装置。
- 無線通信を介して外部から変更可能な制御アルゴリズムを含む請求項17に記載の装置。
- 食物の摂取を減らすことにより、食事に対する人体の自然な応答を増す装置であって、
電気的にかつ即時に制御されるバルブと、食物が摂取されるとき、もしくは食物が摂取されると予期されるときに、食物の流れを制御および規制するために、バルブが物理的に消化管の一部を制限および弛緩することを可変的に引き起こすコントローラとを備えた装置。 - 食物の摂取を減らすことにより、食事に対する人体の自然な応答を増す方法であって、
電気的にかつ即時にバルブを制御し、食物が摂取されるとき、もしくは食物が摂取されると予期されるときに、食物の流れを制御および規制するために、バルブが物理的に消化管の一部を制限および弛緩することを可変的に引き起こす方法。
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JP (1) | JP2008536561A (ja) |
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AU2006236883A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
WO2006113187A3 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
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CA2604618A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
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AU2006236883B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
US8623042B2 (en) | 2014-01-07 |
BRPI0608191A2 (pt) | 2010-01-19 |
EP1871312A2 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
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