JP2008528806A - 延性低下割れ耐性を有する被覆された溶接電極、およびそれから製造された溶着物 - Google Patents
延性低下割れ耐性を有する被覆された溶接電極、およびそれから製造された溶着物 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910019589 Cr—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 52
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 14
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- ATTFYOXEMHAYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nickel Chemical compound [Mg].[Ni] ATTFYOXEMHAYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007778 shielded metal arc welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZSJFLDUTBDIFLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zirconium Chemical compound [Ni].[Zr] ZSJFLDUTBDIFLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe].[Ni] BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
- B23K35/304—Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、一般的にはニッケル、クロム、鉄溶接合金、そこから製造された、溶接物の製造に使用する製品、および溶接物およびこれらの溶接物を製造するための方法に関する。本発明はさらに、溶接電極、溶接ワイヤおよびフラックス薬被覆組成物および特に延性低下割れに対して耐性がある、ならびに原子力発電環境における一次水応力腐食割れに対して耐性がある溶着物を得るための溶接方法に関する。
原子力発電を含む様々な用途で、様々な亀裂現象に対する耐性を与える溶接物が必要とされる。これには、応力腐食割れのみならず、高温割れ、低温割れ、およびルート割れも含まれる。
(1)高温割れおよびクレータ割れを評価するための肉盛溶着物の浸透探傷試験、
(2)肉盛溶接部中に一連のドリル穴を開けてチューブ対チューブのシート溶接を模擬し、修繕部分の断面を切り、エッチングし、60xで検査してDDCおよびさらなる高温割れの兆候を評価、
(3)ルート割れを評価するために、Inconel Alloy 690の固体プレートを、肉盛溶接部の片側に沿って直立縁部溶接部(standing edge weld)で溶接し、チューブ対チューブのシート溶接を模擬すること、
(4)肉盛溶接部から標準3/8インチ厚の横方向側方曲げ部を切り取り、2Tマンドレルの周りで180°曲げる。曲げ部の、約20%伸長された外側表面を曲げ割れまたは「裂け目」を検査し、裂け目の数および大きさを曲げ毎に記録することである。
である。両方とも体心立方結晶構造を有し、両方とも同等の格子パラメータ(原子の最接近)を有する。従って、これらの観察の実用的な結論として、タンタルのコストが極めて高いために、タンタルをニオブと一緒に添加することはあまりない。ニオブの密度はタンタルの約半分である。そのため、Taは、炭化物形成剤としての効果がニオブの約半分である。Taがより激しい炭化物形成剤になることはできるが、同じ原子数を与えるには、ニオブの2倍の重量%を必要とすることになろう。
152M−機械的特性
硬度 TS 0.2%YS 伸長% Red.Area%
90R s 96ksi 60ksi 35% 45%
結果に基づき、何種類かの直径を有する「パイロット」製品を製造することを決定した。最初に、フラックス中にNiMg7.5%を使用して76F9を製造したが、溶着物中にMg=0.006%、Zr=0.003%およびB=0.001%を保持しながら、TS割れは無く、これは好ましい結果であった。次いで、追加のロット番号83F5、83F6、83F7、および83F8を、全てNiMg7.5%を含む同じ湿式混合物で製造した。フラックス被覆された電極を押し出し、焼き付けた後、試験を行い、非常に驚くべきことに、83F7では9個のTS割れが、83F8では23個のTS割れが見られた。化学分析の結果、溶着物中にB、Zr、またはMgが保持されていなかったことはさらに予期せぬことであった。試験結果を再評価し、溶接の際に短アーク長を維持することの重要性が分かった。この短アーク技術により、製品中の脱酸素剤が保護され、溶着物中にMg、B、およびZrが保持されることが結論付けられた。短アークの83F8と長アークの83F8を観察すると、TS割れは、超アークによる23個に対して短アークでは1個である。同様に、長と短アークによる83F7を比較すると、TS割れは、長アークでは9個であるのに対し、短アークでは2個である。また、溶着物中に保持されるB、ZrおよびMgは、所望の範囲内であることにも注意すべきである。
Claims (11)
- 重量%で、Cr:27〜31、Fe:6〜11、C:0.01〜0.04、Mn:1.5〜4、Nb:1〜3、Ta:3以下、(Nb+Ta):1〜3、Ti:0.01〜0.50、Zr:0.0003〜0.02、B:0.0005〜0.004、Si:0.50未満、Al:最大0.50、Cu:0.50未満、W:1.0未満、Mo:1.0未満、Co:0.12未満、S:0.015未満、P:0.015未満、Mg:最大0.01、残部Niならびに不可避混入物および不純物からなる、Ni−Cr−Fe合金。
- 最小48%のNiが存在する、請求項1に記載の合金。
- Cr:29〜31、Fe:6.5〜9、B:0.0005〜0.004、Mn:2.5〜3.5、Zr:0.0005〜0.01、およびNi:最小50を含む、請求項1に記載の合金。
- 重量%で、Cr:27〜31、Fe:6〜11、C:0.01〜0.04、Mn:1.5〜4、Nb:1〜3、Ta:3以下、(Nb+Ta):1〜3、Ti:0.01〜0.50、Zr:0.0003〜0.02、B:0.0005〜0.004、Si:0.50未満、Al:最大0.50、Cu:0.50未満、W:1.0未満、Mo:1.0未満、Co:0.12未満、S:0.015未満、P:0.015未満、Mg:0.004〜0.01、残部Niならびに不可避混入物および不純物からなる、希釈されていないNi−Cr−Fe合金溶着物。
- 最小50のNiが存在する、請求項4に記載の溶着物。
- B:0.0007〜0.003およびZr:0.001〜0.01を含む、請求項5に記載の溶着物。
- B:0.0005〜0.002、Zr:0.001〜0.01およびNi:最小50を含む、請求項6に記載の溶着物。
- Ni−Cr−Feのフラックス被覆された電極またはフラックスが結合しているNi−Cr−Feワイヤを用意し、短アーク技術を用いた溶接工程において、電極またはワイヤの先端と溶着物の距離を0.125インチ未満にして、前記電極またはワイヤを融解させ、重量%で、Cr:27〜31、Fe:6〜11、C:0.01〜0.04、Mn:1.5〜4、Nb:1〜3、Ta:3以下、(Nb+Ta):1〜3、Ti:0.01〜0.50、Zr:0.0003〜0.02、B:0.0005〜0.004、Si:0.50未満、Al:最大0.50、Cu:0.50未満、W:1.0未満、Mo:1.0未満、Co:0.12未満、S:0.015未満、P:0.015未満、Mg:0.004〜0.01、残部Niならびに不可避混入物および不純物からなる溶着物を生成する工程を含んでなる、溶着物の製造方法。
- 前記電極またはワイヤの先端と溶着物との間の距離が0.02〜0.04インチ(0.508〜1.016mm)である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記溶接工程が、被覆アーク溶接法を使用して行われる、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記フラックスが、Ni、Mg、およびSiの混合物を含んでなり、Nb:Siの重量比が5:1〜7:1の溶着物を生成する、請求項8に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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US64717905P | 2005-01-25 | 2005-01-25 | |
US60/647,179 | 2005-01-25 | ||
PCT/US2006/002522 WO2006081258A2 (en) | 2005-01-25 | 2006-01-25 | Coated welding electrode having resistance to ductility dip cracking, and weld deposit produced therefrom |
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JP2008528806A true JP2008528806A (ja) | 2008-07-31 |
JP5253817B2 JP5253817B2 (ja) | 2013-07-31 |
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US (1) | US8603389B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1841893B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5253817B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101252478B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN101979210B (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2386890T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006081258A2 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012063503A1 (ja) * | 2010-11-12 | 2012-05-18 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 溶接用Ni基合金ソリッドワイヤ |
JP2013237064A (ja) * | 2012-05-15 | 2013-11-28 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Ni基合金溶接金属、帯状電極及び溶接方法 |
US9969033B2 (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2018-05-15 | Kobe Steel, Ltd. | Ni-base alloy weld metal and Ni-base alloy covered electrode |
WO2024009594A1 (ja) * | 2022-07-07 | 2024-01-11 | 日立Geニュークリア・エナジー株式会社 | ニッケル基合金 |
Families Citing this family (22)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101979210A (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
US20080121629A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
EP1841893B1 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
US8603389B2 (en) | 2013-12-10 |
CN101979210B (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
CN101248197A (zh) | 2008-08-20 |
WO2006081258A3 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
WO2006081258A2 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
CN101248197B (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
EP1841893A2 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
ES2386890T3 (es) | 2012-09-04 |
EP1841893A4 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
KR101252478B1 (ko) | 2013-04-10 |
JP5253817B2 (ja) | 2013-07-31 |
KR20070099649A (ko) | 2007-10-09 |
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