JP2008526657A - 水素製造装置の圧縮機用モーターの速度を制御する装置及び方法 - Google Patents
水素製造装置の圧縮機用モーターの速度を制御する装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008526657A JP2008526657A JP2007546785A JP2007546785A JP2008526657A JP 2008526657 A JP2008526657 A JP 2008526657A JP 2007546785 A JP2007546785 A JP 2007546785A JP 2007546785 A JP2007546785 A JP 2007546785A JP 2008526657 A JP2008526657 A JP 2008526657A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、一般的に水素製造の分野に関係する。本発明の装置及び方法は、水素及び一種以上の不純物を含む製品から不純物を除去することにより水素高濃度製品(hydrogen−enriched product)を製造する。不純物は、製品に比較的高圧の原材料であることを要求する圧力スイング吸着法、膜分離法などの種々の精製技術により除去できる。また、貯蔵の目的のために、精製品若しくは水素高濃度製品の圧縮にも焦点が当てられる。より具体的には、本発明は、水素高濃度改質油を製造するために、圧力スイング吸着装置を燃料処理装置に組み込み、運転することに関する。
水素は、航空宇宙から、食料製造、オイル及びガス製造並びに精製にわたる種々の産業で利用される。水素は、推進薬、雰囲気、キャリヤーガス、稀釈ガス、燃焼反応用の燃料成分、燃料電池用の燃料、並びに種々の化学反応及びプロセスにおける還元剤として、これらの産業で利用される。加えて、水素が、再生可能である、豊富である、効率的である、かつ他の代替物と異なり汚染物質無排出であるために、水素は、発電用代替燃料として考慮されている。広範囲な水素の消費、及び更なる大きな可能性が存在するが、水素消費の更なる増加を妨げる不都合は、水素の発生、貯蔵及び広範囲な配送を提供できる基礎基盤の欠如である。
本発明の一つの観点では、水素製造装置が提供される。この装置は、水素を含む製品を製造するための水素発生装置、及び製品を受け入れ、かつ圧縮製品を製造するために水素発生装置の下流に圧縮装置を含む。水素発生装置は、酸化器及び改質器を有する燃料処理装置を含むことができる。圧縮装置は、誘導モーター及びモーター速度の調節手段を備える。モーター速度の調節手段は、可変周波数駆動装置(variable frequency drive)又はソフトスタート装置を含むことができる。モーター速度の調節手段が、ソフトスタート装置を含む場合、ソフトスタート装置は、調整可能なファイアリング角(firing angle)及び調整可能なランプタイマー(ramp timer)をもつ複数のスイッチを備えることができる。下流の装置は、圧縮装置の下流に配置される。下流の装置は、圧縮製品の少なくとも一部を受け入れ、かつ水素高濃度製品を製造するための精製装置、圧縮製品又は水素高濃度製品を受け入れ、かつ圧縮するための第二圧縮装置、並びに圧縮製品、水素高濃度製品、又は圧縮水素高濃度製品を受け入れ、かつ貯蔵するための貯蔵装置の一つ以上を含む。
本発明の具体的な実施形態が、以下で説明される。明確にするために言えば、実際の実施形態の全ての特徴が、本明細書に述べられていない。このような全ての実際の実施形態の展開において、多くの実行‐特定の決定が、システム関連の及び業務関連の制約に関するコンプライアンスなど、開発者の特定の目標を達成するためになされるべきであり、これは一つの実施と相互に変わるであろうことが、当然理解されるであろう。更に、このような開発努力は複雑かつ時間が要る可能性があり、しかも、それにも拘らず、この開示の利益を受ける業界の当事者にとっては日常的業務であろうことは理解されるであろう。
CH4+1/2O2→2H2+CO (I)
CH4+H2O→3H2+CO (II)
原材料流中の高濃度の酸素は、発熱性部分酸化を助長し、一方、高濃度の水蒸気は、吸熱性水蒸気改質反応を助長する。それ故、酸素と炭化水素の比率及び水と炭化水素の比率、並びに反応温度が、水素の収率に影響を与える特徴的な因子である。改質ステップAの反応温度は、原材料条件及び触媒に応じて、約550℃から約900℃までの範囲であることができる。部分酸化及び水蒸気改質触媒の例は、燃料改質業界ではよく知られており、詳細に説明しない。
H2S+ZnO→H2+ZnS (III)
脱硫は、好ましくは、約300℃から約500℃までの温度、より好ましくは、約375℃から約425℃までの温度で実施される。
H2O+CO→H2+CO2 (IV)
一般的に、水性ガスシフト反応は、触媒に応じて、150℃から600℃までの範囲の温度で起こる可能性がある。このような条件下で、ガス流中の一酸化炭素の多くが、二酸化炭素に転化される。燃料電池用の燃料として、水素高濃度製品が用いられる場合、燃料電池触媒により許容できるレベル、典型的には約50ppm未満に低減されなければならない。水性ガスシフト触媒の例は、低温及び高温触媒とも、燃料改質業界ではよく知られており、本明細書では詳細に説明しない。
CO+1/2O2→CO2 (V)
H2+1/2O2→H2O (VI)
両反応が熱を発生し、かつ一酸化炭素の好ましい酸化が低温で促進されるので、任意選択で、酸化反応領域内に冷却コイルなどの冷却要素を含むことが有利になるに違いない。酸化反応温度は、約90℃から約150℃の範囲に維持されることが好ましい。本発明の装置は、不純物から水素を分離するために、圧力スイング吸着法などの精製装置を任意選択で含むことができるので、選択的酸化ステップGの使用は省略することができる。
このモーターの速度は、可変周波数駆動装置を用いて、モーターに適用されるべき電力の線周波数を調整することにより、又は本発明に記載したようにソフトスタート装置を用いて、始動及び/又は停止時に適用される電圧のRMSを調整することにより調節することができる。より具体的には、モーターの速度は、調整可能なファイアリング角、及び調整可能なランプタイマーを含む複数のスイッチを有するソフトスタート装置を用いて調節できる。したがって、このような方法は、ファイアリング角を0°と約120°の間の角度、好ましくは0°と約75°の間の角度に調整することを更に含むことができる。若し、存在するならば、調整可能なランプタイマーは、約1分未満、好ましくは約30秒未満、より好ましくは約20秒未満、更により好ましくは約10秒未満の時間になるように調節することができる。
図1で説明するように、本発明の装置100は、供給路102をもつ水素発生装置110を含む。水素発生装置の特性は、供給材料の数量及び性質を制御するであろう。例えば、水素発生装置110が電解装置を含む場合、供給路102は、水供給源、電力供給源、及びそれを電解装置に送出するための適切な導管との接続点を含む必要があるであろう。水素発生装置110が、酸化器及び改質器を有する燃料処理装置を含む場合、供給路102は、実施される燃料処理反応の特性に応じて、燃料、酸化剤、及び場合により水又は水蒸気などの反応体を送出するための導管を含むであろう。水素発生装置110の特性に関係なく、供給原料は、水素及び一種以上の不純物を含む製品に転化される。水素発生装置110により製造された製品は、過渡的運転及び定常運転の間に、圧力、流速及び/又は組成に変動をきたす可能性がある。
Claims (19)
- 水素を含む製品を製造する水素発生装置;と
製品を受け入れ、かつ圧縮製品を製造するための、前記水素発生装置の下流に配置された圧縮装置であって、誘導モーター及びモーターの速度を調節する手段を備えた圧縮装置;と
圧縮製品の少なくとも一部を受け入れ、かつ水素高濃度製品を製造する精製装置、
圧縮製品又は水素高濃度製品を受け入れ、かつ圧縮する第二の圧縮装置、と
圧縮製品、水素高濃度製品又は圧縮水素高濃度製品を受け入れ、かつ貯蔵する貯蔵装置
の、一つ以上を含む下流の装置:と
を含む水素製造装置。 - モーターの速度を調節する手段が、可変周波数駆動装置を含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- モーターの速度を調節する手段が、ソフトスタート装置を含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- ソフトスタート装置が、複数のスイッチ及び調整可能なランプタイマーを含み、複数のスイッチが調整可能なファイアリング角を有する請求項3に記載の装置。
- 水素発生装置が、酸化器及び改質器を有する燃料処理装置を含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 下流の装置が、精製装置、この精製装置の下流に貯蔵装置、精製装置と貯蔵装置の中間に第二の圧縮装置を含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 精製装置が、水素選択膜及び圧力スイング吸着装置の一つ以上を含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 貯蔵装置が、高圧容器及び水素固定材料の一つ以上を含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- この製品が、圧力及び/又は流速の変動を含み、かつ圧力及び/又は流速の変動を低減させる手段を含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 圧力及び/又は流速の変動を低減させる手段が、水素発生装置と圧縮装置の中間に配置された緩衝装置、及び圧縮装置の入り口に制御された補助流体の流れを提供することができる導管の一つ以上を含み、その際に、補助流体が、圧縮製品、水素高濃度製品又はそれらの混合物含む請求項9に記載の装置。
- 水素を製造する方法であって、
水素発生装置で水素を含む製品を作成する工程;
誘導モーターを有する圧縮装置内で前記製品を圧縮して、圧縮製品を製造する工程;及び
前記水素発生装置の過渡的運転状態に応答してモーターの速度を調節する工程:
を包含する、水素を製造する方法。 - 水素発生装置が、燃料処理装置を含む請求項11に記載の方法。
- モーターの速度が、誘導モーターに適用された線周波数を調整することにより、調節される請求項11に記載の方法。
- モーターに適用された線周波数が、可変周波数駆動装置により調整される請求項13に記載の方法。
- モーターの速度が、誘導モーターに適用された電圧のRMSを調整することにより、調節される請求項11に記載の方法。
- 誘導モーターに適用された電圧のRMSが、複数のスイッチ及び調整可能なランプタイマーを含むソフトスタート装置により、調節され、その際に複数のスイッチが調整可能なファイアリング角をもつ請求項15に記載の方法。
- 複数のスイッチのファイアリング角を0°と約75°の間の角度に調整することを更に含む請求項16に記載の方法。
- 約0から約20秒の時間をもつようにランプタイマーを調整することを更に含む請求項16に記載の方法。
- 水素発生装置の過渡的運転状態が、始動、停止、降下及び上昇の1つ以上を含む請求項11に記載の方法。
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Cited By (4)
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WO2012147317A1 (ja) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | パナソニック株式会社 | 水素生成装置、燃料電池システム、及びその運転方法 |
JP5230849B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-26 | 2013-07-10 | パナソニック株式会社 | 水素生成装置、燃料電池システム、及びその運転方法 |
JP2021088481A (ja) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-06-10 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | 水素製造装置 |
JP7269161B2 (ja) | 2019-12-04 | 2023-05-08 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | 水素製造装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2005316725B2 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
US20080005964A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
CN101443110A (zh) | 2009-05-27 |
CA2590485A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
CN104085856A (zh) | 2014-10-08 |
JP5225684B2 (ja) | 2013-07-03 |
EP1835989A4 (en) | 2011-05-25 |
WO2006065672A2 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
WO2006065672A3 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
EP1835989A2 (en) | 2007-09-26 |
AU2005316725A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
EP1835989B1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
CA2590485C (en) | 2013-11-05 |
US7892304B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 |
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