JP2008519101A - 十分な燃焼モードのFCCプロセスにおけるNOx排出の低減法 - Google Patents
十分な燃焼モードのFCCプロセスにおけるNOx排出の低減法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008519101A JP2008519101A JP2007539202A JP2007539202A JP2008519101A JP 2008519101 A JP2008519101 A JP 2008519101A JP 2007539202 A JP2007539202 A JP 2007539202A JP 2007539202 A JP2007539202 A JP 2007539202A JP 2008519101 A JP2008519101 A JP 2008519101A
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Images
Classifications
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
- C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G11/04—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
- C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
- C10G11/187—Controlling or regulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/58—Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0045—Drying a slurry, e.g. spray drying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/04—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
- B01J38/12—Treating with free oxygen-containing gas
- B01J38/30—Treating with free oxygen-containing gas in gaseous suspension, e.g. fluidised bed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/04—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
- B01J38/12—Treating with free oxygen-containing gas
- B01J38/30—Treating with free oxygen-containing gas in gaseous suspension, e.g. fluidised bed
- B01J38/36—Treating with free oxygen-containing gas in gaseous suspension, e.g. fluidised bed and with substantially complete oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide within regeneration zone
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Abstract
Description
、最も好ましくは少なくとも50重量%のアルミナを含む。酸性金属酸化物が他の安定化金属酸化物、例えばランタナ、ジルコニア、イットリア、ネオジミア、サマリア、ユーロピア、ガドリニアなどを含むことも、本発明の範囲内である。本発明の好適な具体例において、酸性金属酸化物は、アルミナ、シリカアルミナ、ランタナアルミナ、及びジルコニアアルミナからなる群から選択される。
来技術的に酸素貯蔵能力のあることが知られてなかった希土類金属酸化物、例えばランタニア、ネオジミア、ガドリニア、イットリア、スカンジア、ハフニア、及びこれらの混合物を含んでよいことも、本発明の範囲内である。
動化できる接触分解触媒組成物と接触させることによって行われる。環式法の重要な工程は以下の通りである。
(i)原料を熱い、再生された分解触媒源と接触させて、分解された生成物とコーク及び除去できる炭化水素を含む使用済み触媒とを含んでなる流出物を生成させることによる接触分解条件で運転する接触分解域、普通上昇(riser)分解域において、原料を接触分解する、
(ii)流出物を放出し、普通1つまたはそれ以上のサイクロンにおいて、分解された生成物に富む蒸気相及び使用済み触媒を含んでなる固体に富む相へ分離する、
(iii)蒸気相を生成物として取り出し、FCCの主塔及びその関連副塔で分画して、ガソリンを含むガス及び液体分解生成物を得る、
(iv)使用済み触媒を普通流れとして取り出して、含まれる炭化水素を触媒から除去し、その後取り出した触媒を酸化的に再生して熱い再生された触媒を得、これを更なる原料を分解するために分解域へ返送する。
(1)使用済み分解触媒上のコーク中のすべての炭素をCO2へ転化するのに十分な空気または酸素を添加する、または(2)再生装置からの流出物が、再生装置流出物中のすべてのCOをCO2へ転化するのに十分な酸素を含む、
十分な燃焼または完全な燃焼モードで運転される。
は触媒の1成分として分解触媒に導入されていてもよい。本発明の好適な具体例において、NOx還元触媒/添加物は、FCCU再生装置から遊離されるNOx排出量を最小化しつつ炭化水素を最適に転化させるために、別の粒子として分解触媒インベントリと共に使用される。
十分な燃焼モードで運転するFCCU再生装置からのNOxを低減する本発明の組成物の有効性は、再生装置試験装置(RTU)及びモデル反応を用いて実施例で評価した。RTUは特にFCCUの運転を模倣した設計の装置である。この装置は、本明細書に参考文献として引用されるJ.G.レイノルズ(Reynolds)及びM.R.カーン(Khan)編、清浄環境のための輸送燃料の設計、151ページの、G.ヤルリス(Yaluris)及びA.W.ピーターズ(Peters)著、実用条件下におけるFCCU再生装置化学の研究、テイラー・アンド・フランシス(Taylor & Francis),1999年、ISBN 1−56032−813−4に詳細に記述されている。
添加物A、B及びCの性質
添加物A 添加物B 添加物C
TV@955℃ 重量% 6.6 9.5 8.2
SiO2 重量% 4.72 7.22 7.15
Al2O3 重量% 69.7 63.0 63.7
La2O3 重量% 0.93 0.63 0.64
CeO2 重量% 21.8 21.3 22.0
Na2O 重量% 5.64 7.9 7.87
Pd ppm 970 990 1004
Rh ppm 104
SA m2/g 160 104 96
O2/N2として添加される種々の量の酸素、及び残り窒素を含む混合物であった。O2含有ガス供給物を除く全ガス供給速度は1000−1100sscmであった。この実験中の酸素量は、RTU反応器中の状態がFCCU再生装置の還元及び酸化領域に類似しているように変化させた。結果を図1に示す。データはPd/Rh含有添加物Cが添加物AよりもNOの還元においてより効果的であることを示した。
RTU実験で使用したコーク化触媒の性質
SiO2 53.4
Al2O3 重量% 43.7
Be2O3 重量% 0.10
Na2O 重量% 0.33
SO4 重量% 0.56
Fe2O3 重量% 0.7
TiO2 重量% 1.0
カーボン 重量% 1.37
S 重量% 0.16
SA m2/g 168
マトリックス m2/g 30
ゼオライト m2/g 138
表3
コーク化下触媒と混合した添加物A、B及びCを用いる
RTUにおけるコーク化FCC触媒の再生中のCOの排出
添加物 床温度(℃) CO(nppm)
添加物なし(基本例) 701 3480
添加物A 698 1172
添加物B 699 1890
添加物C 698 1928
添加物なし(基本例) 711 1990
添加物A 708 915
添加物B 709 1477
添加物C 709 1460
DCR試験に使用した平衡触媒の性質
SiO2 重量% 50.9
Al2O3 重量% 45.5
Re2O3 重量% 0.37
Na2O 重量% 0.37
Fe 重量% 0.6
TiO2 重量% 1.2
MgO 重量% 0.319
Ni ppm 681
V ppm 1160
SA m2/g 188
マトリックス m2/g 128
ゼオライト m2/g 60
表5
DCR試験で用いたFCC供給物の性質
API比重、60°F 23.2
硫黄、重量% 0.023
全窒素、重量% 0.13
塩基性窒素、重量% 0.0378
コンラドソンカーボン 0.03
Fe,ppm 0.7
Na,ppm 0.7
Kファクター 11.4
模倣蒸留、容量%、°F
5 453
20 576
40 660
60 743
80 838
FBP 1153
Claims (15)
- 炭化水素原料を昇温度において分解触媒と接触させて低分子量炭化水素成分を生成せしめる際に、該分解触媒が(a)炭化水素の分解を接触するのに適当な成分及び(b)(i)実質的にゼオライトを含まない酸性金属酸化物を少なくとも約5.0重量%、(ii)金属酸化物として計って、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される金属成分を少なくとも0.5重量%、(iii)金属酸化物として計って、酸素貯蔵金属酸化物を少なくとも0.1重量%、(iv)パラジウムを少なくとも0.1ppm、及び(v)白金、イリジウム、ロジウム、オスミウム、ルテニウム、レニウム及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される貴金属成分を少なくとも0.1ppm含んでなるNOx還元成分を含んでなる、但しすべての%はNOx還元成分の全重量に基づくものである、炭化水素原料の低分子量成分への流動接触分解における再生域からのNOx排出を低減する方法。
- 分解触媒を該接触工程から回収し、この使用済み触媒を再生域において処理して該触媒を再生することを更に含んでなる、請求項1の方法。
- 再生域を十分な燃焼モードで運転する、請求項2の方法。
- 成分(a)と成分(b)を該炭化水素原料との接触中に流動させる、請求項1の方法。
- 再生域を完全な燃焼モードで運転する、請求項2の方法。
- プロセスが、流動接触分解法における流動接触分解装置の再生域からのNOx排出を低減すると同時にCOの燃焼を促進させる、請求項1の方法。
- プロセスが、流動接触分解法における流動接触分解装置の再生域でのアフターバーンを減少させる、請求項6の方法。
- 再生域を十分な燃焼モードで運転する、請求項6の方法。
- 成分(a)と成分(b)を該炭化水素原料との接触中に流動させる、請求項6の方法。
- 再生域を完全な燃焼モードで運転する、請求項6の方法。
- NOx還元成分が別の粒子添加物である、請求項1の方法。
- NOx還元成分が約50−約200μmの平均粒径を有する、請求項11の方法。
- NOx還元成分が分解触媒の完全体をなす必須成分である、請求項1の方法。
- NOx還元成分を、触媒接触装置におけるアフターバーンを防ぐのに十分な量で使用する、請求項1の方法。
- NOx還元成分が分解触媒の少なくとも0.01重量%の量で存在する、請求項1の方法。
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US62449204P | 2004-11-02 | 2004-11-02 | |
PCT/US2005/039093 WO2006050168A1 (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2005-10-31 | Reduction of nox emissions in full burn fcc processes |
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IL (1) | IL182384A0 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2007004627A (ja) |
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TW (1) | TW200626217A (ja) |
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CN106731643A (zh) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-31 | 李国栋 | 一种脱硝剂及其制备方法 |
US11529612B2 (en) | 2017-07-05 | 2022-12-20 | China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation | Composition capable of reducing CO and NOx emissions, preparation method therefor and use thereof, and fluid catalytic cracking method |
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- 2005-10-31 CA CA002585752A patent/CA2585752A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2005-10-31 BR BRPI0517382-5A patent/BRPI0517382A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-10-31 AU AU2005302455A patent/AU2005302455B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-10-31 CN CNA2005800378423A patent/CN101052699A/zh active Pending
- 2005-10-31 JP JP2007539202A patent/JP2008519101A/ja active Pending
- 2005-10-31 WO PCT/US2005/039093 patent/WO2006050168A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2005-10-31 US US11/665,814 patent/US7695611B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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RU2394065C2 (ru) | 2010-07-10 |
EP1838812A1 (en) | 2007-10-03 |
IL182384A0 (en) | 2007-07-24 |
AR052782A1 (es) | 2007-04-04 |
AU2005302455B2 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
TW200626217A (en) | 2006-08-01 |
MX2007004627A (es) | 2007-06-11 |
CA2585752A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
NO20072816L (no) | 2007-08-01 |
ZA200704294B (en) | 2008-09-25 |
RU2007120513A (ru) | 2008-12-10 |
WO2006050168A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
US7695611B2 (en) | 2010-04-13 |
CN101052699A (zh) | 2007-10-10 |
US20090045101A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
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