JP2008266642A - 液晶媒体 - Google Patents
液晶媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008266642A JP2008266642A JP2008102357A JP2008102357A JP2008266642A JP 2008266642 A JP2008266642 A JP 2008266642A JP 2008102357 A JP2008102357 A JP 2008102357A JP 2008102357 A JP2008102357 A JP 2008102357A JP 2008266642 A JP2008266642 A JP 2008266642A
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000004975 3-butenyl group Chemical group C(CC=C)* 0.000 description 1
- 101100156282 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) vib-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004990 Smectic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3048—Cyclohexane rings in which at least two rings are linked by a carbon chain containing carbon to carbon double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/42—Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40
- C09K19/44—Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40 containing compounds with benzene rings directly linked
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K2019/0444—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group
- C09K2019/0466—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the linking chain being a -CF2O- chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/12—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings at least two benzene rings directly linked, e.g. biphenyls
- C09K2019/121—Compounds containing phenylene-1,4-diyl (-Ph-)
- C09K2019/123—Ph-Ph-Ph
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
- C09K2019/3004—Cy-Cy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
- C09K2019/3009—Cy-Ph
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
- C09K2019/301—Cy-Cy-Ph
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
- C09K2019/3025—Cy-Ph-Ph-Ph
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】液晶媒体として、極性化合物の混合物をベースとするもの、その電気光学的使用、および当該媒体を含むディスプレイ。
【選択図】なし
Description
−ネマチック相範囲が拡大されていること(とくに、低温にまで)
−極端な低温下における切り換え能(野外における使用、自動車、航空機)
−UV照射に対して耐性が向上していること(より長い耐用年数)
とくに、OCBモードはTV用途のLCDに用いられ、自動車および 他の携帯用アプリケーションのディスプレイへの適用が予想されている。本発明の液晶は、これらのタイプのディスプレイに好ましく用いられる。
以下を含む液晶媒体:
− 1種または2種以上の式Iの化合物を14〜20%、
− 1種または2種以上の式IIの化合物を0〜5%、
− 1種または2種以上の式IIIの化合物を15〜19%、
− 1種または2種以上の式IVの化合物を20〜23%、
− 1種または2種以上の式Vの化合物を0〜7%、
− 1種または2種以上の式VIの化合物を11〜18%、
− 1種または2種以上の式VIIの化合物を5〜7%
− 1種または2種以上の式VIIIの化合物を0〜5%、
− 1種または2種以上の式IXの化合物を15〜20%。
−1種または2種以上の式Iの化合物、とくに式IaおよびIbの化合物を15〜16%、
−1種または2種以上の式II化合物、とくに式IIaの化合物を2〜4%
−1種または2種以上の式IIIの化合物、とくに式IIIaおよびIIIbの化合物を17〜19%
−1種または2種以上の式IVの化合物、とくに式IVaおよびIVbの化合物を21〜23%
−1種または2種以上の式VIの化合物、とくに式VIaおよびVIbの化合物を15〜17%
−1種または2種以上の式VIIの化合物、とくに式VIIaの化合物を5〜7%および
−1種または2種以上の式IXの化合物、とくに式IXa、IXbおよびIXcの化合物を18〜20%。
−1種または2種以上の式Iの化合物、とくに式IaおよびIbの化合物を18〜20%、
−1種または2種以上の式IIIの化合物、とくに式IIIbの化合物を15〜17%、
−1種または2種以上の式IVの化合物、とくに式IVaおよびIVbの化合物を20〜22%、
−1種または2種以上の式Vの化合物、とくに式Vaの化合物を4〜6%、
−1種または2種以上の式VIの化合物、とくに式VIaおよびVIbの化合物を16〜18%、
−1種または2種以上の式VIIの化合物、とくに式VIIaの化合物を5〜7%、および
−1種または2種以上の式IXの化合物、とくに式IXbおよびIXcの化合物を15〜17%。
純粋な状態において、式I〜IXの化合物は無色であり、相互に組み合わせると、電気光学的使用において好ましい位置にある温度範囲において液晶メソフェーズを形成する。これらの化合物は化学的に、熱的に、そして光に対して、安定である。
Claims (6)
- 以下を含む液晶媒体:
− 1種または2種以上の式Iの化合物を14〜20%、
− 1種または2種以上の式IIの化合物を0〜5%、
− 1種または2種以上の式IIIの化合物を15〜19%、
− 1種または2種以上の式IVの化合物を20〜23%、
− 1種または2種以上の式Vの化合物を0〜7%、
− 1種または2種以上の式VIの化合物を11〜18%、
− 1種または2種以上の式VIIの化合物を5〜7%
− 1種または2種以上の式VIIIの化合物を0〜5%、
− 1種または2種以上の式IXの化合物を15〜20%。
R1およびR2は相互に独立して1〜5個のC原子を有する直鎖のアルキルであり、
R3は2〜4個のC原子を有する直鎖のアルケニルであり、
R4は1〜2個のC原子を有するアルコキシであり、
R5は2〜4個のC原子を有する直鎖のアルケニルである。 - 以下を含む、請求項1または2に記載の液晶媒体。
−1種または2種以上の式Iの化合物を15〜16%、
−1種または2種以上の式II化合物を2〜4%、
−1種または2種以上の式IIIの化合物を17〜19%、
−1種または2種以上の式IVの化合物を21〜23%、
−1種または2種以上の式VIの化合物を15〜17%、
−1種または2種以上の式VIIの化合物を5〜7%および
−1種または2種以上の式IXの化合物を18〜20%。 - 以下を含む、請求項1または2に記載の液晶媒体。
−1種または2種以上の式Iの化合物を18〜20%、
−1種または2種以上の式IIIの化合物を15〜17%、
−1種または2種以上の式IVの化合物を20〜22%、
−1種または2種以上の式Vの化合物を4〜6%、
−1種または2種以上の式VIの化合物を16〜18%、
−1種または2種以上の式VIIの化合物を5〜7%および
−1種または2種以上の式IXの化合物を15〜17%。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の液晶媒体の、電気光学目的における使用。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の液晶媒体を含む、電気光学液晶ディスプレイ。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07007587.4 | 2007-04-13 | ||
EP07007587 | 2007-04-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2008266642A true JP2008266642A (ja) | 2008-11-06 |
JP5410031B2 JP5410031B2 (ja) | 2014-02-05 |
Family
ID=39852880
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008102357A Active JP5410031B2 (ja) | 2007-04-13 | 2008-04-10 | 液晶媒体 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7582338B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5410031B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101533456B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101475811B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI432557B (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009191264A (ja) * | 2008-02-12 | 2009-08-27 | Merck Patent Gmbh | 液晶媒体および液晶ディスプレイ |
JP5534110B1 (ja) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-06-25 | Dic株式会社 | フルオロビフェニル含有組成物 |
WO2021075294A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-17 | 2021-04-22 | Agc株式会社 | 合わせガラス及びその製造方法、複層ガラス |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1808472B1 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2012-09-12 | JNC Corporation | Liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display element |
CN102226090B (zh) * | 2011-04-19 | 2013-06-19 | 西安瑞联近代电子材料有限责任公司 | 液晶组合物 |
CN102994098B (zh) * | 2012-05-03 | 2014-12-24 | 石家庄诚志永华显示材料有限公司 | Tft液晶组合物及其制备方法与应用 |
WO2015098660A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-07-02 | Dic株式会社 | 液晶組成物及びこれを用いた液晶表示素子 |
CN105505404B (zh) * | 2014-10-20 | 2017-07-28 | 江苏和成显示科技股份有限公司 | 液晶组合物及其显示器件 |
CN109722253A (zh) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-05-07 | 北京八亿时空液晶科技股份有限公司 | 一种向列相液晶组合物及其应用 |
CN109722257A (zh) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-05-07 | 北京八亿时空液晶科技股份有限公司 | 一种含有氟代三联苯的液晶组合物及其应用 |
CN109722256B (zh) * | 2017-10-27 | 2021-08-10 | 北京八亿时空液晶科技股份有限公司 | 一种液晶组合物及其应用 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005163047A (ja) * | 2003-12-04 | 2005-06-23 | Merck Patent Gmbh | 液晶媒体 |
JP2005179680A (ja) * | 2003-12-17 | 2005-07-07 | Merck Patent Gmbh | 液晶媒体および液晶ディスプレイ |
JP2008502754A (ja) * | 2004-06-18 | 2008-01-31 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフトング | 液晶媒体 |
Family Cites Families (11)
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DE19532292A1 (de) * | 1995-09-01 | 1997-03-06 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristallines Medium |
DE19707941B4 (de) * | 1997-02-27 | 2007-04-26 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristallines Medium |
DE19961702B4 (de) * | 1999-12-21 | 2010-09-30 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristallines Medium und seine Verwendung |
JP5497249B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-20 | 2014-05-21 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 液晶媒体およびそれを含む電気光学ディスプレイ |
JP4329298B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2009-09-09 | チッソ株式会社 | 液晶組成物及び液晶表示素子 |
JP2007504340A (ja) * | 2003-05-21 | 2007-03-01 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフトング | 液晶媒体 |
US7390538B2 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2008-06-24 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Liquid-crystal medium containing monofluoroterphenyl compounds |
KR101355300B1 (ko) * | 2004-11-26 | 2014-01-23 | 샤프 가부시키가이샤 | 액정 매질 |
DE602006004250D1 (de) * | 2005-05-25 | 2009-01-29 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristallines Medium und Flüssigkristallanzeige |
ATE446350T1 (de) * | 2006-01-27 | 2009-11-15 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristallines medium und flüssigkristallanzeige |
ATE508180T1 (de) * | 2006-04-07 | 2011-05-15 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristallines medium und flüssigkristallanzeige |
-
2008
- 2008-04-10 JP JP2008102357A patent/JP5410031B2/ja active Active
- 2008-04-10 US US12/100,769 patent/US7582338B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-04-11 TW TW097113410A patent/TWI432557B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-04-11 KR KR1020080033692A patent/KR101533456B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-04-11 CN CN200810178502.8A patent/CN101475811B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005163047A (ja) * | 2003-12-04 | 2005-06-23 | Merck Patent Gmbh | 液晶媒体 |
JP2005179680A (ja) * | 2003-12-17 | 2005-07-07 | Merck Patent Gmbh | 液晶媒体および液晶ディスプレイ |
JP2008502754A (ja) * | 2004-06-18 | 2008-01-31 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフトング | 液晶媒体 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009191264A (ja) * | 2008-02-12 | 2009-08-27 | Merck Patent Gmbh | 液晶媒体および液晶ディスプレイ |
JP5534110B1 (ja) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-06-25 | Dic株式会社 | フルオロビフェニル含有組成物 |
WO2021075294A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-17 | 2021-04-22 | Agc株式会社 | 合わせガラス及びその製造方法、複層ガラス |
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KR101533456B1 (ko) | 2015-07-02 |
TW200911966A (en) | 2009-03-16 |
TWI432557B (zh) | 2014-04-01 |
JP5410031B2 (ja) | 2014-02-05 |
US7582338B2 (en) | 2009-09-01 |
US20080251762A1 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
CN101475811A (zh) | 2009-07-08 |
CN101475811B (zh) | 2014-01-08 |
KR20080092868A (ko) | 2008-10-16 |
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