JP2008240568A - 排ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008240568A JP2008240568A JP2007079710A JP2007079710A JP2008240568A JP 2008240568 A JP2008240568 A JP 2008240568A JP 2007079710 A JP2007079710 A JP 2007079710A JP 2007079710 A JP2007079710 A JP 2007079710A JP 2008240568 A JP2008240568 A JP 2008240568A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/28—Selection of materials for use as drying agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9481—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
- B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
- B01J20/186—Chemical treatments in view of modifying the properties of the sieve, e.g. increasing the stability or the activity, also decreasing the activity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
- B01D2253/108—Zeolites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20738—Iron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/50—Zeolites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/91—NOx-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/22—Water or humidity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】Y型ゼオライトよりなる水分吸着装置1と、水分吸着装置1の排ガス下流側に配置され陽イオン交換サイトに遷移金属イオンを含むゼオライトよりなるNOx 吸着装置2と、を含む。
NOx 吸着装置は、排ガス中の水分量が少ないほどNOx 吸着能が向上するので、Al2O3 分が多く他のゼオライトに比べて水分の吸着量が多いY型ゼオライトよりなる水分吸着装置との組み合わせによって、低温域のNOx 吸着能が特に向上する。
【選択図】図1
Description
図1に本実施例の排ガス浄化装置を示す。この排ガス浄化装置は、排ガス流路に配置された水分吸着装置1と、その排ガス下流側に配置されたNOx 吸着装置2とからなる。水分吸着装置1は、コージェライト製のハニカム基材10と、そのセル隔壁表面に形成されたコート層11とからなり、コート層11はNa−Y型ゼオライトから構成されている。またNOx 吸着装置2は、コージェライト製のハニカム基材20と、そのセル隔壁表面に形成されたコート層21とからなり、コート層21はFeがイオン交換されたZSM-5 から構成されている。
実施例1と同様のNOx 吸着装置2を排ガス上流側に配置し、実施例1と同様の水分吸着装置1をNOx 吸着装置2の排ガス下流側に配置して、比較例2の排ガス浄化装置とした。
実施例1及び比較例1の排ガス浄化装置のそれぞれに対して、表2に示すモデルガスを温度50℃、流量10L/分で20秒間流通させ、入りガス濃度と出ガス濃度の差からHC吸着率とNO吸着率を測定した。結果を表3に示す。
実施例1と同様のNOx 吸着装置2のみを用い、先ずH2O を十分に吸着させた。その後、加熱温度を 160℃、 230℃、 350℃の3水準でそれぞれ2時間加熱し、吸着したH2O を脱離(パージ)した。加熱温度が高いほど残存H2O が少ない。その後直ちにNOとN2からなる混合ガスを流通させ、NOの吸着率を測定した。結果を図3に示す。
コージェライト製のハニカム基材(900 cc)に、A型ゼオライトからなるコート層を 160g形成し、水分吸着装置を調製した。この水分吸着装置を実エンジンの排気系に搭載し、LA#4走行時のH2O 排出量を連続的に測定したところ、始動時から約20秒間はH2O の排出が完全に抑制された。これは、その間に排出されたH2O の全量がコート層に吸着されたことを意味する。
試験例2に記載の実エンジンの排気系において、試験例2で調製した水分吸着装置3の排ガス下流側に、図4に示すようにZSM-5 とY型ゼオライトとの混合物よりなる第1HC吸着装置4と、フェリエライトにAgをイオン交換してなる第2HC吸着装置5を配置し、さらにその下流側に実施例1と同様のNOx 吸着装置2を配置した。そして、LA#4走行時の始動時からNOx 排出量を連続的に測定した。なお、水分吸着装置3を除いた場合と、水分吸着装置3とNOx 吸着装置2の両方を除いた場合についても、同様にNOx 排出量を測定し、結果を図5に示す。
実施例1と同様にして、コージェライト製のハニカム基材(900 cc)に、Na−Y型ゼオライトからなるコート層を 160g形成し、水分吸着装置3を調製した。また900 ccのコージェライト製のハニカム基材20を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、 160gのコート層21をもつNOx 吸着装置2を調製した。
水分吸着装置3を配置しなかったこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、NOx 吸着率を測定した。結果を表4に示す。
Claims (3)
- Y型ゼオライトよりなる水分吸着装置と、該水分吸着装置の排ガス下流側に配置され陽イオン交換サイトに遷移金属イオンを含むゼオライトよりなるNOx 吸着装置と、を含むことを特徴とする排ガス吸着装置。
- 前記水分吸着装置は、陽イオン交換サイトにアルカリ金属イオン及びアルカリ土類金属イオンの少なくとも一方を含む請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記NOx 吸着装置に含まれる遷移金属イオンは鉄イオンである請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007079710A JP5141063B2 (ja) | 2007-03-26 | 2007-03-26 | 排ガス浄化装置 |
PCT/JP2008/055732 WO2008117829A1 (ja) | 2007-03-26 | 2008-03-26 | 排ガス浄化装置 |
CN2008800098873A CN101641144B (zh) | 2007-03-26 | 2008-03-26 | 排气净化装置 |
KR1020097019218A KR101233524B1 (ko) | 2007-03-26 | 2008-03-26 | 배기 가스 흡착 장치 |
US12/531,890 US8257471B2 (en) | 2007-03-26 | 2008-03-26 | Exhaust-gas converting apparatus |
EP08738920.1A EP2130578B1 (en) | 2007-03-26 | 2008-03-26 | Exhaust gas adsorbing apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007079710A JP5141063B2 (ja) | 2007-03-26 | 2007-03-26 | 排ガス浄化装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2008240568A true JP2008240568A (ja) | 2008-10-09 |
JP5141063B2 JP5141063B2 (ja) | 2013-02-13 |
Family
ID=39788562
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007079710A Expired - Fee Related JP5141063B2 (ja) | 2007-03-26 | 2007-03-26 | 排ガス浄化装置 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8257471B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2130578B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5141063B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101233524B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101641144B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008117829A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012116488A (ja) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-06-21 | Union Showa Kk | 吸水性包装材料、その製造方法及び再生方法 |
WO2012111172A1 (ja) | 2011-02-18 | 2012-08-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US8834802B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2014-09-16 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102350186B (zh) * | 2011-07-18 | 2014-04-09 | 唐山远腾自动化设备有限公司 | 防潮保压干燥剂在潮湿或水下环境中密封良好的仪器仪表中的应用 |
DE102012022941B4 (de) * | 2012-11-24 | 2024-05-29 | Daimler Truck AG | Abgasnachbehandlungssystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine, Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystems und Kraftfahrzeug |
DE102013018920A1 (de) * | 2013-11-13 | 2015-05-13 | Man Truck & Bus Ag | Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zum Aufheizen einer Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung |
WO2016192791A1 (en) | 2015-06-03 | 2016-12-08 | Volvo Truck Corporation | An exhaust gas treatment apparatus |
CN105032163A (zh) | 2015-07-02 | 2015-11-11 | 黄立维 | 一种从气流中去除氮氧化物和二氧化硫的方法及其装置 |
BE1023302B1 (nl) | 2015-07-23 | 2017-01-26 | Atlas Copco Airpower Naamloze Vennootschap | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een adsorptiemiddel voor het behandelen van samengeperst gas, adsorptiemiddel verkregen met zulke werkwijze en adsorptie-inrichting voorzien van zulk adsorptiemiddel |
RU2727608C2 (ru) | 2015-08-31 | 2020-07-22 | Атлас Копко Эрпауэр, Намлозе Веннотсхап | Адсорбционное устройство для сжатого газа |
CN105649716A (zh) * | 2015-12-20 | 2016-06-08 | 黔东南州龙达再生能源开发有限责任公司 | 汽车尾气过滤装置 |
US11802502B1 (en) * | 2023-01-30 | 2023-10-31 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Hydrocarbon adsorption and desorption control in vehicle exhaust systems using H2O traps |
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JPH1077831A (ja) * | 1996-09-05 | 1998-03-24 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | エンジンの排ガス浄化装置 |
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JP2002349247A (ja) * | 2001-03-21 | 2002-12-04 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP2006027938A (ja) * | 2004-07-14 | 2006-02-02 | Nichias Corp | ホージャサイト型ゼオライト及びそれを用いる除湿用部材並びにその製造方法 |
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JPH0615016B2 (ja) * | 1988-09-09 | 1994-03-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 自動車排気ガス浄化装置 |
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JP3417309B2 (ja) * | 1997-10-28 | 2003-06-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 炭化水素吸着材 |
JP2001289035A (ja) | 1998-11-05 | 2001-10-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化方法及び排ガス浄化装置 |
JP2000312827A (ja) | 1999-04-28 | 2000-11-14 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 排ガス浄化触媒 |
JP2001120951A (ja) | 1999-10-28 | 2001-05-08 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 窒素酸化物の除去方法及び除去装置 |
DE10001541B4 (de) * | 2000-01-14 | 2005-04-28 | Uhde Gmbh | Verfahren zur Beseitigung von NOx und N¶2¶O aus dem Restgas der Salpetersäureproduktion |
CN101607209B (zh) | 2002-11-18 | 2014-07-02 | 优美科触媒日本有限公司 | 废气净化用催化剂的制备方法与废气净化方法 |
US7501105B2 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2009-03-10 | N.E. Chemcat Corporation | NOx reduction catalyst having excellent low-temperature characteristics |
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2007
- 2007-03-26 JP JP2007079710A patent/JP5141063B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-03-26 EP EP08738920.1A patent/EP2130578B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-03-26 US US12/531,890 patent/US8257471B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-26 CN CN2008800098873A patent/CN101641144B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-26 WO PCT/JP2008/055732 patent/WO2008117829A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2008-03-26 KR KR1020097019218A patent/KR101233524B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
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JP2012116488A (ja) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-06-21 | Union Showa Kk | 吸水性包装材料、その製造方法及び再生方法 |
US8834802B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2014-09-16 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine |
WO2012111172A1 (ja) | 2011-02-18 | 2012-08-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US8955313B2 (en) | 2011-02-18 | 2015-02-17 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2130578B1 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
CN101641144A (zh) | 2010-02-03 |
US8257471B2 (en) | 2012-09-04 |
CN101641144B (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
KR20090115869A (ko) | 2009-11-09 |
WO2008117829A1 (ja) | 2008-10-02 |
JP5141063B2 (ja) | 2013-02-13 |
EP2130578A1 (en) | 2009-12-09 |
KR101233524B1 (ko) | 2013-02-14 |
US20100101421A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
EP2130578A4 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
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