JP2008222466A - 水素分子のプロトン化方法および水素分子プロトン化触媒ならびに水素ガスセンサー - Google Patents
水素分子のプロトン化方法および水素分子プロトン化触媒ならびに水素ガスセンサー Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008222466A JP2008222466A JP2007060517A JP2007060517A JP2008222466A JP 2008222466 A JP2008222466 A JP 2008222466A JP 2007060517 A JP2007060517 A JP 2007060517A JP 2007060517 A JP2007060517 A JP 2007060517A JP 2008222466 A JP2008222466 A JP 2008222466A
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000000177 Indigofera tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical group N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PGEHNUUBUQTUJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthanthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=C4C=CC=C5C(=O)C6=CC=C1C2=C6C3=C54 PGEHNUUBUQTUJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021523 barium zirconate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DQBAOWPVHRWLJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);dioxido(oxo)zirconium Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][Zr]([O-])=O DQBAOWPVHRWLJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- PPSZHCXTGRHULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxazine Chemical compound O1ON=CC=C1 PPSZHCXTGRHULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019239 indanthrene blue RS Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UHOKSCJSTAHBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N indanthrone blue Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=C4NC5=C6C(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7C(=O)C6=CC=C5NC4=C3C(=O)C2=C1 UHOKSCJSTAHBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXZQEOJJUGGUIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoindolin-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NCC2=C1 PXZQEOJJUGGUIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGBWPZSGHAXYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perinone Chemical compound C12=NC3=CC=CC=C3N2C(=O)C2=CC=C3C4=C2C1=CC=C4C(=O)N1C2=CC=CC=C2N=C13 DGBWPZSGHAXYGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical compound O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQGPLDBZHMVWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Chemical compound C1=NC2=CC=NC2=C1 RQGPLDBZHMVWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8652—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites as mixture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/005—H2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】比誘電率が78を超える固体の表面に水素ガスを接触させ、水素ガス分子をプロトン化させる方法を提供する。また前記比誘電率が78を超える固体からなる基板上にプロトン付加により電気伝導率、光導電率または光学吸収体が変化しえる有機化合物からなるプロトン受容層を備え、プロトン付加により電気抵抗率が変化することで水素ガスを検出する。
【選択図】図3
Description
長さ50mm、直径8mmのガラス管11の底部に気孔率約50%の多孔質円板12(厚さ1mm)をエポキシ樹脂を主剤とする接着剤で取り付けた。そして、多孔質円板の表面ならびにガラス管の側面にAlを蒸着して、電子伝導性を付与した。ガラス管の内部には前記誘電体材料粉末13を高さ30mmまで充填した。
1/2H2 → H+ + e-
観測した電流はプロトンと同時に生じた電子が外部回路を通じて対極に流れたものであると考えられる。
図2に示すような構造の水素センサー20を作製するにあたって、基板21の材料は実施例1で用いた誘電体材料粉末と同じ組成のもの(比誘電率3500)を使用した。櫛形電極22a、22bの材料はITOとした。触媒としてPt(図示せず)を櫛型電極の上に島状にスパッター蒸着(厚さ数Å程度)し、さらにその上にピリジン環を持つピロロピロールを膜状に真空蒸着してプロトン受容層23とした。櫛型電極の電極幅および電極間隔はいずれも100μmとした。
12 多孔質円板
13 誘電体材料粉末
14 イオン交換水
15 対極
16 電流計
20 水素センサー
21 基板
22a、22b 櫛型電極
23 プロトン受容層
Claims (4)
- 比誘電率が78を超える固体の表面に水素ガスを接触させることを特徴とする水素分子のプロトン化方法。
- 比誘電率が78を超える固体であることを特徴とする水素分子プロトン化触媒。
- 比誘電率が78を超える固体からなる基板と、
前記基板上に形成され、プロトン付加に伴い電気抵抗率、光伝導度、又は光学吸収体が変化し得る有機化合物からなるプロトン受容層と、を備えることを特徴とする水素ガスセンサー。 - 比誘電率が78を超える固体からなる基板と、
前記基板上に形成された少なくとも一対の電極と、
前記一対の電極を覆うように形成され、プロトン付加に伴い電気抵抗率が変化し得る有機化合物からなるプロトン受容層と、を備えることを特徴とする水素ガスセンサー。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007060517A JP5023333B2 (ja) | 2007-03-09 | 2007-03-09 | 水素分子のプロトン化方法および水素分子プロトン化触媒 |
US12/045,675 US20090120793A1 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2008-03-10 | Method of protonating hydrogen molecule, catalyst for protonating hydrogen molecule, and hydrogen gas sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2007060517A JP5023333B2 (ja) | 2007-03-09 | 2007-03-09 | 水素分子のプロトン化方法および水素分子プロトン化触媒 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2008222466A true JP2008222466A (ja) | 2008-09-25 |
JP5023333B2 JP5023333B2 (ja) | 2012-09-12 |
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JP2007060517A Expired - Fee Related JP5023333B2 (ja) | 2007-03-09 | 2007-03-09 | 水素分子のプロトン化方法および水素分子プロトン化触媒 |
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US (1) | US20090120793A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5023333B2 (ja) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6166956A (ja) * | 1984-09-10 | 1986-04-05 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 水素検出素子 |
JP2001110431A (ja) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-20 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 燃料電池電極 |
JP2002071611A (ja) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-03-12 | Fis Kk | 水素ガスセンサ |
JP2005035852A (ja) * | 2003-07-17 | 2005-02-10 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 水素製造装置および該装置を用いた水素リッチガスの製造方法 |
JP2006276029A (ja) * | 2003-10-22 | 2006-10-12 | Toyo Ink Engineering Kk | プロトン受容型センサー、水素ガスセンサー及び酸センサー |
JP2007033416A (ja) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-08 | Yokohama National Univ | プロトン受容型ガスセンサーの駆動方法、ガス検出方法、及びプロトン受容型ガスセンサー装置 |
-
2007
- 2007-03-09 JP JP2007060517A patent/JP5023333B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-03-10 US US12/045,675 patent/US20090120793A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6166956A (ja) * | 1984-09-10 | 1986-04-05 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 水素検出素子 |
JP2001110431A (ja) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-20 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 燃料電池電極 |
JP2002071611A (ja) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-03-12 | Fis Kk | 水素ガスセンサ |
JP2005035852A (ja) * | 2003-07-17 | 2005-02-10 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 水素製造装置および該装置を用いた水素リッチガスの製造方法 |
JP2006276029A (ja) * | 2003-10-22 | 2006-10-12 | Toyo Ink Engineering Kk | プロトン受容型センサー、水素ガスセンサー及び酸センサー |
JP2007033416A (ja) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-08 | Yokohama National Univ | プロトン受容型ガスセンサーの駆動方法、ガス検出方法、及びプロトン受容型ガスセンサー装置 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20090120793A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
JP5023333B2 (ja) | 2012-09-12 |
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