JP2008218384A - 高温保存特性に優れたリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液 - Google Patents
高温保存特性に優れたリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008218384A JP2008218384A JP2007206620A JP2007206620A JP2008218384A JP 2008218384 A JP2008218384 A JP 2008218384A JP 2007206620 A JP2007206620 A JP 2007206620A JP 2007206620 A JP2007206620 A JP 2007206620A JP 2008218384 A JP2008218384 A JP 2008218384A
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- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- lithium
- battery
- electrolytic solution
- Prior art date
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 hexafluorophosphate Chemical group 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- IRGDPGYNHSIIJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C IRGDPGYNHSIIJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910016467 AlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910008163 Li1+x Mn2-x O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
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- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUAXVBUVQVRIIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C XUAXVBUVQVRIIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZHGDJTMNXSOQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O Chemical compound NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O ZHGDJTMNXSOQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BLBBMBKUUHYSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N furan-2,3,4,5-tetrol Chemical compound OC=1OC(O)=C(O)C=1O BLBBMBKUUHYSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)nickel Chemical group [Li+].[O-][Ni]=O VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】リチウム塩及び有機溶媒を含むリチウム二次電池用非水系電解液であり、下記の化学式で表示される1―エチル―2,3―ジメチルイミダゾリウムイオンを陽イオンとして含む塩が含有されることを特徴とする電解液及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池。
(上記の式で、Xは、ハロゲン、ClO4、B10Cl10、PF6、CF3SO3、CF3CO2、AsF6、SbF6、AlCl4、CH3SO3、CF3SO3、C2F5SO2、(CF3SO2)(C4F9SO2)、CF3SO2及び低級脂肪族カルボン酸からなる群から選択される。)
【選択図】なし
Description
エチレンカーボネート(EC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)及びジエチルカーボネート(DEC)を4:3:3の重量比で混合した非水系電解液溶媒に、リチウム塩1M―LiPF6を溶解させ、全体重量を基準にして1.5重量%のビニレンカーボネート(VC)と3重量%の1―エチル―2,3―ジメチルイミダゾリウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートを添加して電解液を製造した。活物質としてリチウムマンガン酸化物を含む正極と、活物質としてハードカーボンを含む負極とを分離膜と一緒に積層し、前記電解液を付加してラミネート型リチウムイオン電池を構成した。
1―エチル―2,3―ジメチルイミダゾリウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートを添加しない点を除けば、上記の実施例1と同一の方法で電解液を製造して電池を構成した。
1―エチル―2,3―ジメチルイミダゾリウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートの代りに、1―エチル―3―メチルイミダゾリウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートを添加した点を除けば、上記の実施例1と同一の方法で電解液を製造して電池を構成した。
1―エチル―2,3―ジメチルイミダゾリウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートの代りに、1―エチル―2,3―ジメチルイミダゾリウムテトラフルオロボレートを添加した点を除けば、上記の実施例1と同一の方法で電解液を製造して電池を構成した。
1―エチル―2,3―ジメチルイミダゾリウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートの代りに、1,2,3―トリメチルイミダゾリウムテトラフルオロボレートを添加した。
上記の実施例1及び比較例1〜4で製造された各電池に対し、高温特性実験を行った。高温特性実験は、電池を65℃で5週間保管した後、常温で抵抗増加を測定し、その測定結果に対するデータを図1に示した。図1に示すように、保存して2週後の抵抗増加率を比較すると、実施例1の電池は、電解液にイミダゾリウム塩を添加しない比較例1の電池に比べて抵抗が約60%以上大きく減少し、その他のイミダゾリウム塩を添加した比較例2〜4の電池に比べて70%以上大きく減少した。このように減少した抵抗増加率は、従来のイミダゾリウム塩の添加によって予想可能な範囲を脱した顕しい数値に該当する。さらに、本発明に係る実施例1の電池の抵抗増加率は、保存して12週まで増加して約7%の増加率を示した後、それ以上増加せずに安定化しており、長期間の高温保存時にも安定的な特性を示す。
Claims (10)
- 前記Xが、ヘキサフルオロホスフェート(PF6)であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電解液。
- 前記化学式1のイミダゾリウム塩が、電解液の全体重量を基準にして0.5〜5重量%含有されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電解液。
- 前記電解液が、溶媒としてポリプロピレンカーボネート(PC)、またはPCと線状カーボネートとの混合溶媒を用いることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電解液。
- 正極、分離膜及び負極構造の電極組立体に、請求項1乃至4の何れか一項に記載の非水系電解液を含んで構成された、リチウム二次電池。
- 前記電池が、正極活物質としてリチウムマンガン系金属酸化物を含むことを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウムマンガン系金属酸化物が、化学式Li1+XMn2−XO4(式中、Xは、0〜0.33である)、LiMnO3、LiMn2O3、LiMnO2であるリチウムマンガン酸化物、
化学式LiMn2−XMXO2(式中、MがCo、Ni、Fe、Cr、ZnまたはTaであり、Xが0.01〜0.1である)またはLi2Mn3MO8(式中、MがFe、Co、Ni、CuまたはZnである)で表現されるリチウムマンガン複合酸化物、或いは、
化学式においてLiの一部がアルカリ土金属イオンに置換されたLiMn2O4であることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 前記電池が、負極活物質として非黒鉛系炭素材料を含むことを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電池が、高出力・大容量の電池または電池パック用単位電池として用いられることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電池が、電気自動車またはハイブリッド電気自動車の動力源として用いられることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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CN102656150A (zh) * | 2009-12-16 | 2012-09-05 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 常温熔融盐、电极、电池、电荷耗散剂以及试料的观察方法 |
CN104157908A (zh) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-11-19 | 厦门大学 | 一种锂盐电解液及其制备方法与应用 |
WO2016031015A1 (ja) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-03-03 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | アルミニウム電析用イオン溶液および電析反応装置 |
CN111224163A (zh) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-02 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | 电解质组合物及包含其的金属离子电池 |
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