JP2008148683A - Microorganism symbiosis type hydroponic cultured plant and method of hydroponic culture - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the growth of a vegetable close to an organic culture in the one set of equipment for producing the vegetable by hydroponic culture (hereinafter referred to as hydroponic plant) as a microorganism symbiosis type plant, by adding simple equipment and devices to a conventional green house and hydroponic culturing device and proliferating while controlling the useful microorganisms in a hydroponic nutrients (liquid) of an inorganic fertilizer. <P>SOLUTION: This microorganism symbiosis type hydroponic cultured plant is provided by adding a floor surface soil (2) provided by laying a water permeable sheet, a water-sprinkling device (3), a humidifying tool (4) for spraying water as a mist state so as not to fall water droplets on the plants, a device by combining three different types of aeration consisting of the aeration by the nutritious liquid falling down from a venturi tube (6) of a part refluxing a nutritious liquid, the aeration by the sucking up and falling down of the nutritious liquid from a water pump (8) by a vertical pump method and the air-dispersing aeration by using an aeration hose (11), and a preventing device (12) of the abnormal proliferation of the microorganisms, to the hydroponic cultured plant having a conventional nutritious liquid completely circulating type hydroponic culturing device. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus and an operation method thereof.

  The technique of utilizing the action of microorganisms for plant cultivation is established as organic cultivation in soil cultivation. However, in hydroponics, the secretory organic matter of the roots that feed the microorganisms dissolves in the hydroponic solution and flows out of the rhizosphere, so the concentration is low and the growth of microorganisms is low compared to soil cultivation (non-patented) Reference 1). In addition, pathogenic filamentous fungi such as fusarium and psium in hydroponic liquids cause enormous damage, so the use of microorganisms at hydroponic production sites is limited due to warnings of producers' diseases. Is the current situation.

  In the use of microorganisms in conventional hydroponics, a method of using a liquid containing only organic matter added with microorganisms as a hydroponic liquid is used. For example, liquids containing beneficial microorganisms cultivated with organic waste, liquids extracted from corrosive substances containing microorganisms, liquids containing fermented sludge and compost added with beneficial bacteria are used as hydroponics. (For example, refer patent documents 1-3.). In these techniques, there is a nutrient solution circulation type hydroponic device and a unique device for producing or circulating a liquid containing organic matter.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-123067 Japanese Patent No. 2831308 JP 2006-6301 A Tatsuharu Kobayashi (1986) “Root vitality and rhizosphere microorganisms”, Rural and Mountain Fishing Village Cultural Association p. 19

  In the conventional technology described above, a liquid containing only organic matter added with microorganisms is used as a hydroponic solution, so that the amount of fertilizer necessary for plant growth is likely to be insufficient, and organic matter that constantly feeds microorganisms. Is excessively present in the nutrient solution, which may cause abnormal growth of microorganisms and requires a dedicated device for preparing or circulating a solution containing organic matter.

  The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art, and in a set of equipment for producing plants by hydroponics (hereinafter referred to as a hydroponic plant), a conventional greenhouse / hydroponic apparatus. It aims at providing the growth of a plant close to organic cultivation by adding simple equipment and equipment to the plant and propagating while controlling beneficial microorganisms in the hydroponic solution of inorganic fertilizer.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1 is directed to a hydroponic plant having a conventional nutrient solution complete circulation hydroponic apparatus, a facility for watering floor soil with a water-permeable sheet, and a plant. By adding a humidifier that sprays water in a mist form so that it does not take up, an aeration device with three different types (venturi tube type, vertical pump type, dispersion type), and an abnormal growth prevention device for microorganisms, It is characterized by the ability to create an environment for breeding beneficial microorganisms.

  The invention described in claim 2 is the hydroponic plant according to claim 1, wherein the microorganisms are propagated in the hydroponic solution of the inorganic fertilizer after the photosynthetic bacteria are propagated throughout the facilities of the hydroponic plant. It is characterized in that photosynthetic bacteria and beneficial microorganisms symbiotic with them occupy a large number in the distribution of microorganisms in the hydroponic plant, and that symbiosis occurs between the cultivated plants and beneficial microorganisms and beneficial microorganisms.

  The invention described in claim 3 is to propagate the photosynthetic bacteria mainly in the red non-sulfur bacteria on the plant / floor soil in order to propagate the photosynthetic bacteria in the entire hydroponic plant equipment of claim 2, After being administered to the plant, photosynthetic bacteria are established and propagated widely within the hydroponic plant facility by continuously watering the floor soil every day under continuous operation of the humidifier to keep the greenhouse constantly overhumid. It is characterized by making it.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, the microorganisms are grown in the hydroponic solution of the inorganic fertilizer of claim 2, and the purified microorganism is administered to the nutrient solution tank so that the beneficial microorganisms are contained in the hydroponic solution. Is characterized by stable breeding.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, when the purified glucose of claim 4 is administered to a nutrient solution tank, the amount of purified glucose and the administration interval are changed to increase or decrease the amount of microbial activity, thereby increasing the inorganicity of plant roots. It is characterized by regulating the absorption of fertilizer elements and metabolic nutrients released by microorganisms, and controlling the growth of plants.

  The invention described in claim 6 relates to the three types of aeration apparatus according to claim 1, the whole amount aeration by the dropping of the hydroponic liquid from the nutrient solution recirculation site venturi tube, the falling of the vertical pump type nutrient solution Combined with three different aeration methods: aeration agitation by means of aeration, dispersion bubbles aeration that generates fine bubbles using aeration hose and causes convection, and the output and air discharge of the blower of the dispersion aeration device By adjusting, hydroponics is supplemented with dissolved oxygen that allows both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms to grow on the cultivation bed and to sufficiently supply oxygen to the roots. It is.

  The invention described in claim 7 relates to the apparatus for preventing abnormal growth of microorganisms according to claim 1, wherein the water knitted with looped fibers placed in a containment vessel that weakens the flow rate of the contacting nutrient solution installed at the bottom of the nutrient solution tank Suspended organic matter and microorganisms in hydroponic solution are always filtered and adsorbed on the contact material for treatment, and the microorganisms in the contact material for water treatment decompose the filtered organic matter into food, and the decrease in organic matter (food) It is characterized by preventing abnormal growth of specific microorganisms by always having a bacteriostatic function of reducing.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to create an environment in which microorganisms are propagated throughout the facility simply by adding simple equipment to the conventional hydroponic plant.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, non-beneficial microorganisms that do not symbiotic with the photosynthetic bacteria cannot grow, and among the beneficial microorganisms, actinomycetes that particularly prefer the photosynthetic bacteria to feed and propagate and antagonize In order to suppress pathogenic filamentous fungi (Picium, Fusarium, etc.) that cause enormous damage in cultivation, even if a disease occurs in a part of the cultivation bed, the natural healing function of bacteriostatic and healing over time A tillage plant can have.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, photosynthetic bacteria that grow in the aquatic field and are vulnerable to drying can be easily propagated throughout the hydroponic plant.

  According to the inventions described in claims 4 and 5, even in the stagnation period of autumn to winter, by adjusting the amount of purified glucose and the administration interval, it is possible to cause the plant to grow the same as in spring to summer. it can.

  According to the invention described in claim 6, the three types of aeration apparatus have a lifeline function of plant growth, and combine them to perform natural and uniform aeration. While maintaining stable growth of microorganisms (actinomycetes, Azotobacter, etc.), anaerobic bacteria can also grow, and the amount of dissolved oxygen can be replenished in the cultivation bed so that plant roots do not take oxygen from microorganisms. .

  According to the invention described in claim 7, the apparatus for preventing abnormal growth of microorganisms has an important function of plant growth next to three types of aeration apparatuses, and constantly suspends organic matter and microorganisms in a hydroponic solution. It can be filtered and adsorbed and can function to stabilize the growth of microorganisms and to decompose excess organic matter in the hydroponic solution.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of this plant.

  An example of a hydroponic plant mainly composed of an NFT-type hydroponic device (a nutrient solution complete circulation type) having an area of 1000 square meters, an effective cultivation bed area of 600 square meters, a nutrient solution tank of 5 tons and a total nutrient solution amount estimation of approximately 16 tons is shown.

  In the greenhouse (1), floor soil (2), watering equipment (3), cultivation bed (14) and humidifier (4) are installed.

  Sprinkling equipment (3) has a water-permeable weed-proof sheet on the floor soil (2), and drip, small sprinklers, etc. are attached to the water source so that the entire surface can be sprinkled, and controlled by a solenoid valve, timer, etc. Set the hose.

  The humidifier (4) is a humidifier (4 liters per hour) that is used in the production facility for fungus floor mushrooms and sprays water so that the plants do not get water droplets. Install a stand.

  A nutrient solution recirculation site Venturi tube (6) is attached to the nutrient solution tank (5), and the hydroponic solution returning to the nutrient solution tank is dropped onto the plastic net (7) to be aerated.

  The vertical pump type aeration / stirring device with a water pump is a water pump (0.15 kW, diameter 32 mm, lift 2 meters at the bottom of the nutrient solution tank (5) with a discharge rate of 100 liters / minute ( 8) Install one or two units, pipe up the nutrient solution and drop it onto the plastic net (7), and attach a Venturi tube (9) to the tip.

  About the disperser type aeration apparatus using the aeration hose (11), four blowers (10) having a rated output of 0.011 mpa and a discharge air volume of 29 to 38 liters / min are installed outside the nutrient solution tank. An aeration hose (11) having a diameter of 25 millimeters, which is directly connected to each blower by a pressure hose and formed into a circle having a diameter of 25 to 40 centimeters, is placed at the bottom of the nutrient tank (5). The blower output is 0.011 mpa to 0.015 mpa, and the total air discharge amount is 120 to 160 liters / minute.

  The apparatus for preventing abnormal growth of microorganisms (12) includes 15 meters of a water treatment contact material knitted with a looped fiber having a diameter of 45 mm in a nylon net bag, and a set with the mouth closed. A stone weight (2.5 kg) is attached to the center of the bottom of a plastic container (lattice 10 mm, 650 mm × 350 mm × height 250 mm), two sets of the water treatment contact material are placed, and a stainless steel mesh (50 Four sets of lids with millimeters) are placed in two rows in two rows at the bottom of the nutrient solution tank (5).

  The configuration of each part in the above-described embodiment is an example, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. Hereinafter, the Example regarding the operating method of this invention plant is shown.

  The administration standard amount of purified glucose is 150 to 450 grams per time. Normally, once every morning, 300 grams of glucose is dissolved in 8 liters of warm water and administered to the nutrient solution tank. When promoting growth, the amount per administration is increased and the number of administrations is increased up to 3 times per day.

Only at the beginning of cultivation and when a tendency to reduce the growth of cultivated plants is observed, until the effect appears every 2-3 days, 20 liters of cultured photosynthetic bacteria are administered to the nutrient solution tank once, Sprinkle about 180 liters on the surface (2) with a power sprayer.
The culture method for photosynthetic bacteria is as follows: Put 200 liters of hydroponic culture solution in a chemical tank, add 50 ml of red non-sulfur bacteria and 150 grams of glucose, stir, set a bubbling device for small ornamental fish, and put sunlight in the greenhouse. Leave it for 24 to 48 hours.

An example of cultivating air-conditioned vegetables that require a minimum growth temperature of 18 degrees native to tropical Asia (southern China) in the present invention plant is shown.
Sorashinna is a year-round, grown plant that uses an NFT-type hydroponic device (a nutrient solution complete circulation type) with an area of 1000 square meters, an effective cultivation bed area of 600 square meters, and a nutrient solution tank of 5 tons. The change of the monthly production amount of the comparative example which was cultivated for eight months from April to November by the method of the invention, and was normally cultivated for one year, and empty heart vegetables was compared.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the results. The comparative example shows a normal hydroponics growth pattern in which the yield increases from spring to summer and decreases from autumn to winter, whereas in the present invention, the yield during the entire cultivation period from spring to autumn is shown. As a result, no change. Sorashinsai is vulnerable to a decrease in temperature, and after November, it is normal for the yield to drop drastically every year. However, in the present invention, no decrease in yield was observed. On the other hand, no increase in yield was observed in the present invention even at high summer temperatures, which is the optimal growth period for Sorashinsai. This is because the comparative example is influenced by weather conditions such as temperature and sunshine, absorbs fertilizer proportional to the amount of photosynthesis, and grows based on the photosynthetic product. In response to this, it is considered that the fertilizer is absorbed in proportion to the amount of movement of microorganisms and grows based on both photosynthetic products and metabolic nutrients of microorganisms. Thus, when it produces by this invention, there exists a tendency for the growth and yield of a plant not to change annually, and fertilizer consumption increases significantly at the time of the low temperature of autumn to winter (1.5 to 2 times of normal cultivation).

It is a schematic diagram of this invention hydroponic plant structure. Sorashinsai is cultivated in the present invention and a comparative example, and changes in monthly production are compared.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Greenhouse 2 Floor soil 3 Water sprinkling equipment 4 Humidifier 5 Nutrient solution tank 6 Nutrient solution return part Venturi tube 7 Plastic net 8 Water pump 9 Venturi tube 10 Blower 11 Aeration hose 12 Microorganism abnormal growth prevention device 13 Hydroponic solution 14 Cultivation bed 15 feed pump

Claims (7)

  In a hydroponic plant with a hydroponic hydroponic device, there are three types (Venturi): a facility that sprays water on the floor soil with a water-permeable sheet, a humidifier that sprays water in a mist form so as not to touch the plants A hydroponic plant characterized by adding an aeration apparatus having a different system (pipe type, vertical pump type, dispersion type) and a microorganism abnormal growth prevention device.   The hydroponic plant according to claim 1, wherein photosynthetic bacteria are propagated throughout the equipment of the hydroponic plant.   After spraying the photosynthetic bacteria culture solution mainly composed of red non-sulfur bacteria to plants and floor soil, and administering it to the nutrient solution tank, water is regularly sprinkled on the floor soil every day under the continuous operation of the humidifier. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the hydroponic cultivation method is always maintained in an overhumid state.   The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein purified glucose is administered to a nutrient solution tank.   It is characterized by controlling the growth of plants by changing the amount of purified glucose and the administration interval, increasing or decreasing the activity of microorganisms, adjusting the absorption of inorganic fertilizer elements of plant roots and metabolic nutrients released by microorganisms The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 4.   In the hydroponic plant according to claim 1, the entire amount of aeration by dropping the hydroponic nutrient solution from the nutrient solution recirculation site venturi tube, aeration stirring by dropping the vertical pump type nutrient solution, and fine bubbles using an aeration hose A hydroponic cultivation method characterized by combining three types of aeration methods, ie, disperser type aeration for generating convection.   The hydroponic plant according to claim 1, further comprising a device for preventing abnormal growth of microorganisms using a water treatment contact material knitted with looped fibers.

Images