JP2008143911A - 持続性放出速度を有する治療用化合物の硬膜外投与 - Google Patents
持続性放出速度を有する治療用化合物の硬膜外投与 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008143911A JP2008143911A JP2008013960A JP2008013960A JP2008143911A JP 2008143911 A JP2008143911 A JP 2008143911A JP 2008013960 A JP2008013960 A JP 2008013960A JP 2008013960 A JP2008013960 A JP 2008013960A JP 2008143911 A JP2008143911 A JP 2008143911A
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Abstract
【解決手段】硬膜外に単回投与されることを特徴とする、脊椎動物の術後又は分娩後の痛みを治療するためのリポソーム製剤であって、多小胞性リポソームに封入された鎮痛化合物又は麻酔化合物を含み、該鎮痛化合物又は麻酔化合物が持続放出されれる前記リポソーム製剤に関する。
【選択図】図1
Description
P.R.Bromage,Textbook of Pain,P.D.Wallら(編)、Churchill Livingstone,1989,pp744-753 P M.Beharら、Lancet 1:527-529,1979 P T.I.Ionescuら、Act.Anaesth.Belg.40:65-77,1989 P C.Jayrら、Anesthesiology 78:666-676,1993 P S.Lurieら、European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 49:147-153,1993 P W.G.Broseら、Pain 45:11-15,1991 P R.H.Drostら、Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res.38:1632-1634,1988 P G.K.Gourlayら、Pain 31:297-305,1987 P J.W.Kwan,Am.J.Hosp.Pharm.47(Suppl 1):S18-23,1990 P J.S.Anulty,International Anesthesiology Clinics 28:17-24,1990 P R.S.Sinatra,The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 64:351-374,1991 P P.R.Bromage,Anesthesia and Analgesia 60:461-463,1981 P E.M.Camporesiら、Anesthesia and Analesia 62:633-640,1983 P T.L.Yaksh,Pain 11:293-346,1981 P R.Stensethら、Acta Anaesthesiol.Scand.29:148-156,1985 P R.R.Millerら、Drug Effects in Hospitalized Patients.John Wiley & Sons,New York, 1976 P N.Rawalら、Anesth.Analg.63:583-592,1984 P MP.Yeagerら、Anesth.60:729-736,1987 P S.Kimら、J.Clin.Oncol.11:2186-2193,1993 P V.Russackら、Ann Neurol.34:108-112,1993 P M.C.Chamberlainら、Arch.Neurol.50:261-264,1993
本発明は、各種治療用化合物(好適な態様では、オピオイドまたはアヘン剤拮抗薬を含む)の送達を持続させ、痛覚消失のモジュレーションを可能にする能力を特徴とする。別の態様では、このような治療用化合物を神経栄養因子として送達することが可能である。
さらに、本発明の方法に従って持続性放出製剤を使用することにより、継続的な点滴、複数回に及ぶボーラス注入、またはカテーテルの装着の必要が無くなり、硬膜外痛覚消失にかかる全体的なコストが単純化かつ削減され、感染の可能性も減少する。硬膜外カテーテルを用いる場合でも、注入の頻度が減るという利点がある。
Mt/M∞=1−[1−k0t/C0α]n
となり、式中において、n=3は球の場合であり、n=2は円柱の場合であり、n=1は板の場合である。αは球または円柱の半径あるいは板の厚さの半分を表す。Mt及びM∞は、それぞれ時間t及び無限大において放出される薬剤の質量である。
δ−オピオイド受容体、μ−オピオイド受容体、κ−オピオイド受容体及びε−オピオイド受容体等の1以上の神経受容体に結合するペプチド及びペプチド疑似体はオピオイドと見なされ、治療効果を上げるために本発明の方法に従って投与することができる。このような化合物としては、エンケファリン、エンドルフィン、カソモルフィン(casomorphin)、キオトルフィン(kyotorphin)、及びそれらの生理活性断片が挙げられる。本明細書中における「生理活性断片」とは、完全体の治療用分子の生理活性を実質的に保持した治療用化合物の任意の部分を意味する。当業者であれば、断片が完全分子の生理活性を実質的に保持しているかどうかは明らかであり、また容易に判定することができる。
A.塩酸塩の存在下における硫酸モルヒネを封入する多小胞性リポソーム(DTC401)の調製
工程1)清浄な1ドラムガラスバイアル(内径1.3cm×高さ4.5cm)に、9.3μmolのジオレオイルレシチン(Avanti Polar Lipids,Alabaster,AL)、2.1μmolのジパルミトイルホスファチジルグリセロール(Avanti Polar Lipids)、15μmolのコレステロール(Avanti Polar Lipids)及び1.8μmolのトリオレイン(Sigma)を含むクロロホルム(Spectrum Corp.,Gardena,CA)溶液1mlを入れた。この溶液を脂質成分と呼ぶ。
B.製剤の調製
硬膜外注入を行う前に、未封入(「遊離」)硫酸モルヒネからなる対照とDTC401を、50μl中に10、50、175、250または1000μgの用量が含まれるように調整した。さらに、呼吸抑制の研究に使用するための、2000μg用量の硫酸モルヒネを含むMVL調製物を75μl容量の注射剤へ製剤化した。各種リポソーム製剤中のモルヒネ濃度は、各調製物50μlを1mlのイソプロピルアルコールに溶解し、次いで水で希釈して求めた。モルヒネ濃度は、既知の方法(S.P.Joelら、Journal of Chromatography 430:394-399,1988)を用いてHPLCを使用してアッセイした。偽薬対照としては、硫酸モルヒネをグルコースに置き換えたブランク多小胞性リポソーム組成物を作製した。
実施例2
A.動物の準備
6〜8週齢のオスのSprague-Dawleyラット(体重205〜254g)(Harlan Sprague-Dawley,San Diego,CA)をケージ当たり1または2匹ずつ、昼と夜を12時間ずつのサイクルとする恒温環境下にて、餌と水を制限せずに与えて飼育した。各試験を行う前に、動物を環境に慣れさせた。動物にはそれぞれ1回だけ試験を行った。実験動物供給協会、国際調査会議(Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources,National Research Council)の実験動物の管理と使用に関する委員会(Committee on Care and Use of Laboratory Animals)のガイドラインに従って全ての動物を飼育した。
B.硬膜外カテーテル法
ラットの尾方硬膜外カテーテル法を以下のように行った。ハロタン性痛覚消失を誘導し、動物を7cmの高さに定位横臥させた。頭は動くようにして、動物が正常な呼吸を維持するよう注意した。斜面の短い19ゲージの針を脊椎の尾方に対して約170°の角度で、針の斜面を下に向けながら後頭稜の正中へ挿入した。
C.抗侵害受容
動物をM.S.Wallaceら(Anesth.Analg.79:778-786,1994)に記載されている標準的なホットプレート試験(52.5±0.5℃)に供することにより、硬膜外カテーテル装着後の侵害受容の基準値を求めた。侵害受容までの応答時間(秒)を、動物をホットプレート上へ乗せてから後ろ足をなめるかまたは飛び上がるまでの時間により測定した。各実験動物の応答時間の基準値(治療前)を、可能な最大痛覚消失(MPA)の0%とした。次いで各動物にDTC401(硬膜外モルヒネの用量が10μg〜250μg)、未封入硫酸モルヒネ溶液、または対照MVLブランクのいずれかを50μl硬膜外注入した。皮下投与された硫酸モルヒネ(用量250μg〜1mg)の抗侵害受容効果も測定した。上述のようにして装着したカテーテルにより試験溶液を硬膜外へ投与した後、硬膜外カテーテルを10μlの0.9%塩化ナトリウム溶液で洗浄した。
D.呼吸抑制
呼吸抑制をパルス酸素飽和度測定法(pulse oximetry)により定量した。動物をケージから取り出し、ポリスチレン製のラット囲い(Plas Labs,Lansing,MI)に入れ、5分間慣れさせた。パルスオキシメータープローブ(Ohmeta Medical Systems,model 3740,Madison,WI)を右側の後ろ足へ装着し、基準状態での酸素飽和と硫酸モルヒネまたはDTC401を硬膜外ボーラス単回投与した後の特定の時点での酸素飽和を求めた。DTC401と遊離硫酸モルヒネの用量は10〜2000μgの範囲とした。各データポイントでパルス酸素飽和度測定法を5〜6匹の動物に行ったが、50μg用量では3匹の動物を使用した。ヘモグロビン酸素飽和率(SpO2)であるパルス酸素飽和度測定値をリアルタイムで連続的にモニターした。3分間の記録時間内に得られた最大値を酸素飽和とした。
E.薬物動力学
250μgのDTC401または遊離硫酸モルヒネを硬膜外へ単回投与した後適切な時点にて末梢血及びCSFにおけるモルヒネ濃度を測定することにより、薬物動力学の検討を行った。DTC401の場合には硬膜外投与後0.5、1時間及び1、3、5、8日目に、遊離硫酸モルヒネの場合には硬膜外投与後0.5、1、3、6、12、24時間目にサンプルを採取した。3または4匹の動物を一群とし、ハロタンを用いて麻酔し、CSF及び血液サンプルをそれぞれ槽穿刺及び心臓穿刺により採取した。次いでハロタンを過剰投与して動物を致死させた。遠心分離にて血液から血清を分離し、ラジオイムノアッセイ(RIA)にてさらに分析を行うまでCSFサンプルと共に−80℃で保存した。
実施例3
DTC401の大規模調製
工程1)清浄なステンレススチール50ml遠心管に、46.5μmolのジオレオイルホスファチジルコリン(Avanti Polar LiPids)、10.5μmolのジパルミトイルホスファチジルグリセロール(Avanti Polar Lipids)、75μmolのコレステロール(Sigma Chemical Co.)、9.0μmolのトリオレイン(Avanti Polar Lipids)を含むクロロホルム溶液5mlを入れた。この溶液を脂質成分と呼ぶ。
Claims (9)
- 硬膜外に単回投与されることを特徴とする、脊椎動物の術後又は分娩後の痛みを治療するためのリポソーム製剤であって、多小胞性リポソームに封入された鎮痛化合物又は麻酔化合物を含み、該鎮痛化合物又は麻酔化合物が持続放出される前記リポソーム製剤。
- 前記脊椎動物が哺乳動物である請求項1記載のリポソーム製剤。
- 前記哺乳動物がヒトである請求項2記載のリポソーム製剤。
- 硬膜外カテーテルを介して導入されることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載のリポソーム製剤。
- 頚部より下方に装着された硬膜外カテーテルを介して導入されるものである請求項4項記載のリポソーム製剤。
- 硬膜外腔に挿入された皮下注射針を介して導入されるものである請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載のリポソーム製剤。
- ボーラス注入により投与されることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載のリポソーム製剤。
- 前記鎮痛化合物又は麻酔化合物が0.01mg〜5000mgの量で投与されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項記載のリポソーム製剤。
- 硬膜外投与したときに鎮痛化合物又は麻酔化合物を持続放出するように製剤化された多小胞性リポソームに鎮痛化合物又は麻酔化合物を封入することを含む、リポソーム製剤の製造方法。
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-
1995
- 1995-07-14 US US08/502,569 patent/US5931809A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-07-12 KR KR1019980700208A patent/KR100593722B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-12 WO PCT/US1996/011642 patent/WO1997003652A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-12 KR KR1020057023867A patent/KR20060012027A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-12 RU RU98102450/14A patent/RU2215522C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-12 NZ NZ312963A patent/NZ312963A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-12 EP EP96924471A patent/EP0839027A4/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-07-12 AU AU64911/96A patent/AU699177B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-07-12 BR BR9609717-5A patent/BR9609717A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-12 JP JP50535497A patent/JP4592119B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-12 EP EP08017456.8A patent/EP2036542B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-12 CN CN96196697A patent/CN1085944C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-12 CA CA002226870A patent/CA2226870C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-09-16 US US08/931,867 patent/US6428529B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-01-13 NO NO19980146A patent/NO326261B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-01-15 HK HK99100207A patent/HK1014881A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-01-24 JP JP2008013960A patent/JP2008143911A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-10-02 JP JP2009230418A patent/JP2010031030A/ja active Pending
- 2009-10-02 JP JP2009230419A patent/JP2010043104A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2226870A1 (en) | 1997-02-06 |
RU2215522C2 (ru) | 2003-11-10 |
CN1195286A (zh) | 1998-10-07 |
AU6491196A (en) | 1997-02-18 |
EP0839027A4 (en) | 2000-12-06 |
NO326261B1 (no) | 2008-10-27 |
EP2036542B1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
EP2036542A1 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
NZ312963A (en) | 1999-06-29 |
NO980146D0 (no) | 1998-01-13 |
JP2010031030A (ja) | 2010-02-12 |
US6428529B1 (en) | 2002-08-06 |
KR20060012027A (ko) | 2006-02-06 |
WO1997003652A1 (en) | 1997-02-06 |
AU699177B2 (en) | 1998-11-26 |
KR19990028906A (ko) | 1999-04-15 |
HK1014881A1 (en) | 1999-10-08 |
US5931809A (en) | 1999-08-03 |
JP4592119B2 (ja) | 2010-12-01 |
JPH11508900A (ja) | 1999-08-03 |
MX9800391A (es) | 1998-09-30 |
EP0839027A1 (en) | 1998-05-06 |
NO980146L (no) | 1998-03-13 |
BR9609717A (pt) | 1999-12-21 |
CA2226870C (en) | 2005-05-17 |
KR100593722B1 (ko) | 2007-04-25 |
CN1085944C (zh) | 2002-06-05 |
JP2010043104A (ja) | 2010-02-25 |
US20020065506A1 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
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