JP2008016550A - 半導体素子用Auボンディングワイヤ - Google Patents
半導体素子用Auボンディングワイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008016550A JP2008016550A JP2006184540A JP2006184540A JP2008016550A JP 2008016550 A JP2008016550 A JP 2008016550A JP 2006184540 A JP2006184540 A JP 2006184540A JP 2006184540 A JP2006184540 A JP 2006184540A JP 2008016550 A JP2008016550 A JP 2008016550A
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】 Beを4〜7質量ppm、Caを15〜30質量ppm、Yを15〜30質量ppm、Ceを15〜30質量ppmおよび残部Auからなることを特徴とする。更にMg、Si、GeおよびGaの1種または2種以上を合計で5〜30質量ppm添加することが好ましい。
Au以外の元素の合計が100質量ppm未満であることが好ましい。
【選択図】 なし
Description
市販の純度99.99質量%以上の高純度金地金には、さまざまな微量元素が含まれている。例えば、Siが3質量ppm以下含まれていたり、Mgが1質量ppm以下含まれていたりすることがあるが、Be、Ca、Y、Ce、GeおよびGaが含まれることはほとんどない(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。
この方法は、ワイヤ先端をアーク入熱で加熱溶融し、表面張力によりボールを形成させた後に、150〜300℃の範囲内で加熱した半導体素子の電極上にボール部を圧着接合せしめ、その後の第二ボンドでは、直接ワイヤを外部リード側に超音波圧着によりウェッジ接合させる。そして、トランジスタやIC等の半導体装置として使用するためには、前記のボンディングワイヤによるボンディングの後に、Siチップ、ボンディングワイヤ、およびSiチップが取り付けられた部分のリードフレーム等を保護する目的で、エポキシ樹脂で封止する。
添加元素を多くすれば、ワイヤの強度を高くすることができることは知られている。しかし、ワイヤの強度が高くなると、ワイヤのループが描きにくくなり、ループ高さのバラツキが大きくなったり、リーニングが生じやすくなったりして隣接ワイヤと接触してしまう。
特許文献1には、「カルシウムを3〜40重量ppm、ベリリウムを0.5〜15重量ppm、イットリウムを4〜30重量ppm、およびセリウムまたはランタンの一方または両者を4〜30重量ppmの範囲内で含有し、かつイットリウム、およびセリウムまたはランタンの一方または両者の総量を11重量ppm以上とし、なおかつカルシウム、イットリウム、およびセリウムまたはランタンの一方または両者の総量を70重量ppm以下とし、さらにインジウムを5〜60重量ppmの範囲内で含有し、残部が金とその不可避不純物からなるボンディング用金合金細線」が開示されている。
特許文献2には、「純度99.99重量%以上の金に、Snを2〜50重量ppmと、Ca、Be、希土類元素のうちの少なくとも一種を1〜50重量ppmとを含有させた金合金線からなるボンディングワイヤー」が開示されている。そしてその実施例には「純度99.99重量%以上の高純度金に、Sn、Ca、Be、La、Ce、Eu、Yを種々の割合で添加し」た合金組成が開示され、「従来金線の機械的強度、及び耐熱強度を損なうことなく、ボール形成時のボール変形、及びボール表面への酸化膜形成もなく、ボンディングの際のボール硬度が低く、デバイスの損傷や電極パッド下のクラックの発生を防ぎ、安定したボンディングが可能である」とその効果が記載されている。
したがって、Snが存在しない「純度99.99重量%以上の高純度金に、Ca、Be、La、Ce、Eu、Yを種々の割合で添加し」た合金組成の金線では、満足のいくボンディング特性が得られないわけである。
この合金線は、「高温で接合しても半導体装置を構成する配線の断線防止に有効であり、且つ圧着ボールの真円度の向上に加えて、圧着ボールの直径のばらつき抑制に有効な半導体素子ボンディング用金合金線を提供することを目的とする」ものであるが、SnとPtとの共存においてのみ上記の効果を発揮させるものである。よって、SnおよびPtがYと共存しなければ、上記の効果を発揮させることはできない。
(a) Beを4〜7質量ppm、Caを15〜30質量ppm、Yを15〜30質量ppm、Ceを15〜30質量ppmおよび残部Auからなることを特徴とする半導体素子用Auボンディングワイヤ。
(b) Beを4〜7質量ppm、Caを15〜30質量ppm、Yを15〜30質量ppm、Ceを15〜30質量ppm、更にMg、Si、GeおよびGaの1種または2種以上を合計で5〜30質量ppmおよび残部Auからなることを特徴とする半導体素子用Auボンディングワイヤ。
(c) Au以外の元素の合計が100質量ppm未満である上記(b)に記載の半導体素子用Auボンディングワイヤ。
すなわち、Beの添加量が4〜7質量ppmの範囲では、所定量のCa、YおよびCeを含有するAu合金組成が破断荷重とループ特性の点で安定していることがわかった。また、上記の合金組成に対し、所定量のMg、Si、GeおよびGaを更に添加したAu合金組成は、上記の特性を維持したまま第二ボンドにおける接合強度を増大させることがわかった。
Ca、YおよびCeの添加量は、それぞれ、15〜30質量ppmである。Beの添加量の範囲が限定されているため、共存元素の含有量も狭い範囲に限定される。Beと共存元素とのバランスは破断荷重に対する耐力点荷重の比(耐力点荷重/破断荷重)、いわゆるP/B比に表れる。バランスがとれている場合は、P/B比が低く安定しているのに対し、Beと共存元素とのバランスが崩れると、P/B比の値が悪くなる。
Mg、Si、GeおよびGaの添加量は、これらの元素の添加量が総量で5〜30質量ppmの範囲内にあれば、ループ特性や破断荷重が良好なまま、第二ボンドにおける接合強度を増大させる。ただし、総量で5質量ppm未満の場合は、第二ボンドにおける接合強度を増大させることができない。また、総量で30質量ppmを超えると、溶融ボール形状やループ特性に悪影響を及ぼすようになる。
なお、本発明のAuマトリックスに対する全微量元素の合計は、100ppm以下、好ましくは20〜90ppmの範囲が好ましい。「99.99質量%以上のAu」と表示できるからである。
[実施例1〜8]
純度99.999質量%の高純度Auに微量元素として表1に記載の数値(質量ppm)になるように配合し、真空溶解炉で溶解鋳造した。これを伸線加工して、線径が25μmのところで最終熱処理し、伸び率を4%に調整した。この極細線を株式会社新川製の汎用ボンディング装置(モデル:UTC−1000型)を用い、60μm角のAlパッド上の半導体チップへ大気中で溶融ボールを形成した。次いで、60μm角のAlパッド内に第一ボンドをした後、台形ループモード(ループ高さ200μm、ループ長さ4.0mmによって第一ボンドから第二ボンドまでループを描いた。
ここで、真球の溶融ボールは○印で、底部が平らな溶融ボールは△印で、引巣ができた溶融ボールは×印で示した。
また、各々の合金組成に対し、1000本ボンディングしたときのリーニングとループ高さのばらつきを測定した。それらの評価結果も表2に示す。
[評価方法]ここで、リーニングは、第一ボンドから第二ボンドまでループを描いたとき、ループの高さ方向(Z方向)における最高点をXY平面に投射して第一ボンドと第二ボンドを結んだXY平面上の直線からの最短距離のずれを自動三次元測定器によって測定し、これをリーニング量(傾き量)として表した。また、ループ高さは、第一ボンドから第二ボンドまでループを描いた際に自動三次元測定器のカメラを追随させ、ループの高さ方向(Z方向)における最高点を測定した。そして、リーニングおよびループ高さのそれぞれのばらつきを算出し、標準偏差によって定量的評価を行った。
「破断荷重」の評価は、以下のとおり行った。表1に記載の伸び率を4%に調整したワイヤを10cm長に切り出し、各10本引っ張り試験し、その平均値を求めることで評価した。
平均値が15.5gf以上のものを○印で、14.5 gf以上15.5gf未満のものを△印で、14.5gf未満のものを×印で示した。
また、P/B比は、0.7以下のものを○印で、0.7〜0.9のものを△印で、0.9以上のものを×印で示した。
また、第二ボンドにおける接合強度は、12g・N以上のものを◎印で、10〜12g・Nのものを○印で、8〜10g・Nのものを△印で、8g・N未満のものを×印で表した。
微量元素の組成が異なるAu合金極細線を実施例と同様にして線径が25μmのところで最終熱処理し、伸び率を4%に調整した。この極細線を実施例と同様にして評価した。その成分組成を表1に、それらの評価結果を表2に併せて示す。
Claims (3)
- Beを4〜7質量ppm、Caを15〜30質量ppm、Yを15〜30質量ppm、Ceを15〜30質量ppmおよび残部Auからなることを特徴とする半導体素子用Auボンディングワイヤ。
- Beを4〜7質量ppm、Caを15〜30質量ppm、Yを15〜30質量ppm、Ceを15〜30質量ppm、更にMg、Si、GeおよびGaの1種または2種以上を合計で5〜30質量ppmおよび残部Auからなることを特徴とする半導体素子用Auボンディングワイヤ。
- Au以外の元素の合計が100質量ppm未満である請求項2に記載の半導体素子用Auボンディングワイヤ。
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