JP2007304376A - 偏光板保護フィルム、偏光板保護フィルムの製造方法、偏光板及び液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
偏光板保護フィルム、偏光板保護フィルムの製造方法、偏光板及び液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007304376A JP2007304376A JP2006133486A JP2006133486A JP2007304376A JP 2007304376 A JP2007304376 A JP 2007304376A JP 2006133486 A JP2006133486 A JP 2006133486A JP 2006133486 A JP2006133486 A JP 2006133486A JP 2007304376 A JP2007304376 A JP 2007304376A
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Abstract
【解決手段】スチレン/無水マレイン酸コポリマーとセルロースエステルとを有することを特徴とする偏光板保護フィルム。
【選択図】なし
Description
3.スチレン/無水マレイン酸コポリマーとセルロースエステルとを含有する溶融物を用いて溶融流延法によって製造することを特徴とする偏光板保護フィルムの製造方法。
本発明に係るスチレン/無水マレイン酸コポリマーは、スチレンと無水マレイン酸の共重合物であり、用いられるスチレン/無水マレイン酸の比率
に特に制限がなく、9/1〜1/9の範囲で常法により合成出来る。
スチレン/無水マレイン酸コポリマーは更に、下記合成フローによりエステル化することも可能であり、本発明では下記エステル化物も好ましく使用出来る。
本発明では、スチレン/無水マレイン酸コポリマーの重量平均分子量は、3000〜30000の範囲であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5000〜15000である。この範囲であると、スチレン/無水マレイン酸コポリマーとセルロースエステルとを含有する溶融物を用いて溶融流延法によってセルロースエステルフィルムを製造した場合に、本発明の優れた効果を有する偏光板保護フィルムを得ることが可能である。重量平均分子量は、一例としてスチレン/無水マレイン酸比を変えることで調整可能である。
溶媒: メチレンクロライド
カラム: Shodex K806、K805、K803(昭和電工(株)製を3本接続して使用した)
カラム温度:25℃
試料濃度: 0.1質量%
検出器: RI Model 504(GLサイエンス社製)
ポンプ: L6000(日立製作所(株)製)
流量: 1.0ml/min
校正曲線: 標準ポリスチレンSTK standard ポリスチレン(東ソー(株)製)Mw=1000000〜500迄の13サンプルによる校正曲線を使用した。13サンプルは、ほぼ等間隔にすることが好ましい。
次いで、本発明のセルロースエステルフィルムからなる偏光板保護フィルムにおいて、該セルロースエステルフィルムが前記一般式(R)で表される化合物を含有することが好ましい。
本発明に好ましく用いられるフラノース構造もしくはピラノース構造を少なくとも1個有し、該フラノース構造もしくはピラノース構造が1〜12個結合した化合物中のOH基のすべてもしくは一部をエステル化した糖エステル化合物について説明する。
次に、本発明に用いられるセルロースエステルについて、詳述する。
セルロースエステルは、熱だけでなく酸素によっても分解が促進されるため、本発明の偏光板保護フィルムにおいては安定化剤として酸化防止剤を含有することが好ましい。
フェノール系化合物は既知の化合物であり、例えば、米国特許第4,839,405号明細書の第12〜14欄に記載されており、2,6−ジアルキルフェノール誘導体化合物が含まれる。このような化合物のうち好ましい化合物として、下記一般式(A)で表される化合物が好ましい。
本発明において有用な酸化防止剤の一つとして、下記一般式(B)で表されるヒンダードアミン系化合物が好ましい。
本発明において有用な酸化防止剤の一つとして、下記一般式(C−1)、(C−2)、(C−3)、(C−4)、(C−5)で表される部分構造を分子内に有する化合物が好ましい。
本発明において有用な酸化防止剤の一つとして、下記一般式(D)で表されるイオウ系化合物が好ましい。
セルロースエステルは溶融製膜が行われるような高温環境下では酸によっても分解が促進されるため、本発明の偏光板保護フィルムにおいては安定化剤として酸捕捉剤を含有することが好ましい。本発明において有用な酸捕捉剤としては、酸と反応して酸を不活性化する化合物であれば制限なく用いることが出来るが、中でも米国特許第4,137,201号明細書に記載されているような、エポキシ基を有する化合物が好ましい。このような酸捕捉剤としてのエポキシ化合物は当該技術分野において既知であり、種々のポリグリコールのジグリシジルエーテル、特にポリグリコール1モル当たりに約8〜40モルのエチレンオキシド等の縮合によって誘導されるポリグリコール、グリセロールのジグリシジルエーテル等、金属エポキシ化合物(例えば、塩化ビニルポリマー組成物において、及び塩化ビニルポリマー組成物と共に、従来から利用されているもの)、エポキシ化エーテル縮合生成物、ビスフェノールAのジグリシジルエーテル(即ち、4,4′−ジヒドロキシジフェニルジメチルメタン)、エポキシ化不飽和脂肪酸エステル(特に、2〜22個の炭素原子の脂肪酸の4〜2個程度の炭素原子のアルキルのエステル(例えば、ブチルエポキシステアレート)等)、及び種々のエポキシ化長鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド等(例えば、エポキシ化大豆油、エポキシ化亜麻仁油等)の組成物によって代表され例示され得るエポキシ化植物油及び他の不飽和天然油(これらはときとしてエポキシ化天然グリセリドまたは不飽和脂肪酸と称され、これらの脂肪酸は一般に12〜22個の炭素原子を含有している)が含まれる。また、市販のエポキシ基含有エポキシド樹脂化合物として、EPON 815C、及び下記一般式(5)の他のエポキシ化エーテルオリゴマー縮合生成物も好ましく用いることが出来る。
紫外線吸収剤は、偏光子や表示装置の紫外線に対する劣化防止の観点から、波長370nm以下の紫外線の吸収能に優れており、かつ液晶表示性の観点から、波長400nm以上の可視光の吸収が少ないものが好ましい。本発明に用いられる紫外線吸収剤としては、例えば、オキシベンゾフェノン系化合物、ベンゾトリアゾール系化合物、サリチル酸エステル系化合物、ベンゾフェノン系化合物、シアノアクリレート系化合物、ニッケル錯塩系化合物、トリアジン系化合物等を挙げることが出来るが、ベンゾフェノン系化合物や着色の少ないベンゾトリアゾール系化合物、トリアジン系化合物が好ましい。また、特開平10−182621号、同8−337574号公報記載の紫外線吸収剤、特開平6−148430号、特開2003−113317号公報記載の高分子紫外線吸収剤を用いてもよい。
本発明に係るセルロースエステルフィルムの製造においては、フィルム形成材料中に少なくとも1種の可塑剤を1〜30質量%含有することが好ましい。
式中、R′はm価の有機基、mは3以上の正の整数、OH基はアルコール性水酸基を表す。特に好ましいのは、mとしては3または4の多価アルコールである。
本発明に係るセルロースエステルフィルムは、滑り性や光学的、機械的機能を付与するためにマット剤を添加することが出来る。マット剤としては、無機化合物の微粒子または有機化合物の微粒子が挙げられる。
本発明に係るセルロースエステルフィルムは溶融流延によって形成することが好ましい。溶液流延法において用いられる溶媒(例えば塩化メチレン等)を用いずに、加熱溶融する溶融流延による成形法は、更に詳細には、溶融押出成形法、プレス成形法、インフレーション法、射出成形法、ブロー成形法、延伸成形法等に分類出来る。これらの中で、機械的強度及び表面精度等に優れる偏光板保護フィルムを得るためには、溶融押し出法が優れている。
(式) (幅方向の延伸倍率)>(流延方向の延伸倍率)
の条件を満たすことが必要である。
式(II)Rth={(nx+ny)/2−nz}×d
(式中、nxは、フィルム面内の遅相軸方向の屈折率であり、nyは、フィルム面内の進相軸方向の屈折率であり、nzはフィルム厚み方向の屈折率であり、dはフィルムの厚さ(nm)である。)
位相差フィルムを、VAモードまたはTNモードの液晶セルの表示品質の向上に適したリターデーション値を有するように調整し、特にVAモードとして上記のマルチドメインに分割してMVAモードに好ましく用いられるようにするには、面内リターデーションRoを30nmよりも大きく、95nm以下に、かつ厚み方向リターデーションRthを70nmよりも大きく、400nm以下の値に調整することが求められる。
本発明の偏光板保護フィルム(位相差フィルムを兼ねる)を含む偏光板は、通常の偏光板と比較して高い表示品質を発現させることが出来、特にマルチドメイン型の液晶表示装置、より好ましくは複屈折モードによってマルチドメイン型の液晶表示装置への使用に適している。
特表平6−501040号公報の例Bを参考にして、プロピオン酸、酢酸の添加量を調整して、アセチル基置換度、プロピオニル基置換度を下記のように変化させた3種類のセルロースエステルを合成した。
C−2:アセチル基置換度1.5、プロピオニル基置換度1.3、総アシル基置換度2.8
C−3:アセチル基置換度1.4、プロピオニル基置換度1.3、総アシル基置換度2.7
得られたセルロースエステルの置換度は、ASTM−D817−96に基づいて算出した。
100℃に保持した45質量部のトリメチロールプロパン、101質量部のトリエチルアミンの混合溶液を攪拌しながら、71質量部の塩化ベンゾイルを30分間かけて滴下し、更に30分間攪拌した。反応終了後室温まで冷却して沈殿物を炉別した後、酢酸エチル・純水を加えて洗浄し、有機相を分取して酢酸エチルを減圧留去し、126質量部(収率85%)の白色の結晶を得た。なお、この化合物の分子量は446である。
10℃に保持した36質量部のトリメチロールプロパン、107質量部のピリジン、300質量部の酢酸エチルの混合溶液を攪拌しながら、250質量部の3,4,5−トリメトキシベンゾイルクロライドを酢酸エチル300質量部に溶解した溶液を30分間かけて滴下し、その後、80℃まで加熱して、5時間攪拌した。反応終了後、室温まで冷却して沈殿物を炉別した後、1モル/L HCl水溶液を加えて洗浄し、更に1%Na2CO3水溶液を加えて洗浄した後、有機相を分取して酢酸エチルを減圧留去し、153質量部(収率80%)の白色結晶を得た。なお、この化合物の分子量は717である。
10℃に保持した54質量部の2−ヒドロキシメチル−プロパン−1,3ジオール、190質量部のピリジン及び450質量部の酢酸エチルの混合溶液を攪拌しながら、240質量部のベンゾイルクロライドを30分間かけて滴下し、その後、80℃まで加熱して、更に3時間攪拌した。反応終了後室温まで冷却して沈殿物を炉別した後、酢酸エチル−純水を加えて洗浄し、有機相を分取して酢酸エチルを減圧留去し、目的の化合物を得た。なお、この化合物の分子量は675である。
10℃に保持した45質量部の2−ヒドロキシメチル−プロパン−1,3ジオール、190質量部のピリジン及び450質量部の酢酸エチルの混合溶液を攪拌しながら、390質量部のp−メトキシベンゾイルクロライドを30分間かけて滴下し、その後、80℃まで加熱して、更に3時間攪拌した。反応終了後室温まで冷却して沈殿物を炉別した後、1モル/L HCl水溶液を加えて洗浄し、更に1%Na2CO3水溶液を加えて洗浄した後、有機相を分取して酢酸エチルを減圧留去し、目的の化合物を得た。なお、この化合物の分子量は494である。
5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3−ヒドロキシ−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン、p−キシレンならびに触媒としてフルキャット(Fulcat)22Bから出発して、5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3−(2,5−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン(化合物101)を合成した。
1,2−ジクロロエタン300ml中の2,4−ジ−tert−Bu−フェノール(97%)212.5g(1.00mol)、50%水性グリオキシル酸163.0g(1.10mol)及びp−トルエンスルホン酸一水塩0.5g(2.6mmol)を水分離器上で3.5時間、窒素気流中で還流した。その後、反応混合物を減圧ロータリーエバポレーターで濃縮した。残渣をヘキサン800mlに溶解し、そして水で3回洗浄した。分液漏斗中、水相を分離し、更にヘキサン300mlで抽出した。有機相を集め、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、減圧エバポレーターで濃縮した。残渣から濃い黄色の樹脂の形態の、分析的に精製された5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3−ヒドロキシ−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン262.3g(〜100%)を得た。
p−キシレン500ml(4.05mol)中の5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3−ヒドロキシ−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン262.3g(1.00mol)溶液にフルキャット22B40gを加え、及び混合物を水分離器上で1.5時間還流した。フルキャット22B触媒を次にろ過により除去し、過剰p−キシレンを減圧エバポレーターで留去した。メタノール400mlからの残渣の結晶化により、融点93−97℃の5,7−ジ−第三ブチル−3−(2,5−ジメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン(化合物101)280.6g(80%)を得た。
2,4−ジ−tert−Bu−フェノール、グリオキシル酸及びo−キシレンならびに触媒としてフルキャットまたはフルモント(Fulmont)から出発して、3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン(化合物103)及び3−(2,3−ジメチルフェニル)−5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン(化合物103A異性体の約5.7:1混合物)を合成した。
5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3−ヒドロキシ−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン、エチルベンゼンならびに触媒としてフルキャット22Bから出発して、5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3−(4−エチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン(化合物105)を合成した。
5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3−ヒドロキシ−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン、ペンタメチルベンゼンならびに触媒として四塩化錫から出発して、5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3−(2,3,4,5,6−ペンタメチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン(化合物(111))を合成した。
5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3−ヒドロキシ−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン、チオアニソールならびに触媒として三塩化アルミニウムから出発して、5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3−(4−メチルチオフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン(化合物108)を合成した。
5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3−ヒドロキシ−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン、グリオキシル酸及びトルエンならびに触媒としてフルキャット22Bから出発して、5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3−(4−メチルフェニル)−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン(化合物104)を合成した。
(偏光板保護フィルム101の作製)
上記合成例で作製した各種化合物、また市販の各種化合物を用いて、溶融流延により偏光板保護フィルム101を作製した。
添加剤1(本発明に係るスチレン/無水マレイン酸コポリマー:Sartomer社製SMAベースレジンSMA1000) 3質量部
添加剤2(PETB) 10質量部
IRGANOX−1010(チバスペシャルティケミカルズ社製) 0.5質量部
高分子紫外線吸収剤(1−(2−ベンゾトリアゾール)−2−ヒドロキシ−5−(2−ビニルオキシカルボニルエチル)ベンゼン) 1質量部
上記セルロースエステルを70℃、3時間減圧下で乾燥を行い室温まで冷却した後、各添加剤を混合した。
セルロースエステルC−1(アセチル基置換度1.4、プロピオニル基置換度1.4、総アシル基置換度2.8のセルロースエステル) 74.5質量部
添加剤1(本発明に係るスチレン/無水マレイン酸コポリマー:Sartomer社製SMAベースレジンSMA1000) 3質量部
添加剤2(PETB) 10質量部
添加剤3(合成例7の3−(3,4−ジメチルフェニル)−5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン(化合物103)及び3−(2,3−ジメチルフェニル)−5,7−ジ−tert−Bu−3H−ベンゾフラン−2−オン(化合物103A異性体の約5.7:1混合物)) 0.5質量部
添加剤4(フラノース構造もしくはピラノース構造を有する化合物の例示化合物1(化合物1)) 10質量部
添加剤5(GSY−P−101:吉富ファインケミカル(株)製) 0.5質量部
IRGANOX−1010(チバスペシャルティケミカルズ社製) 0.5質量部
高分子紫外線吸収剤(1−(2−ベンゾトリアゾール)−2−ヒドロキシ−5−(2−ビニルオキシカルボニルエチル)ベンゼン) 1質量部
偏光板保護フィルム101の作製と同様な方法で製膜し、膜厚は80μm、巻長は3500mの偏光板保護フィルム102を作製した。
アッベ屈折率計(4T)を用いて試料フィルムの平均屈折率を測定した。また、市販のマイクロメーターを用いてフィルムの厚さを測定した。
式(II)Rth={(nx+ny)/2−nz}×d
(式中、nxは、フィルム面内の遅相軸方向の屈折率であり、nyは、フィルム面内の進相軸方向の屈折率であり、nzはフィルム厚み方向の屈折率であり、dはフィルムの厚さ(nm)である。)
(湿度変化に対するリターデーション値変動)
作製した偏光板保護フィルムのリターデーション値を各々求め、その値よりRth(a)変動を求めた。
更に調湿後の試料を再度23℃55%RHの環境にて測定を行い、この変動が可逆変動であることを確認した。
上記作製した偏光板保護フィルム101〜123、201〜207を使って、下記に記載するアルカリケン化処理、次いで偏光板の作製を行った。
ケン化工程 2M−NaOH 50℃ 90秒
水洗工程 水 30℃ 45秒
中和工程 10質量%HCl 30℃ 45秒
水洗工程 水 30℃ 45秒
ケン化処理後、水洗、中和、水洗の順に行い、次いで80℃で乾燥を行った。
厚さ120μmの長尺ロールポリビニルアルコールフィルムを沃素1質量部、ホウ酸4質量部を含む水溶液100質量部に浸漬し、50℃で5倍に搬送方向に延伸して偏光膜を作った。
VA型液晶表示装置である富士通製15型ディスプレイVL−150SDの予め貼合されていた視認側の偏光板を剥がして、上記作製した偏光板P101〜P123、P201〜P207をそれぞれ液晶セル(VA型)のガラス面に貼合し、液晶表示装置101〜123、201〜207を作製した。その際、上記作製した偏光板保護フィルム101〜123、201〜207が液晶セル面側となるように、また偏光板の貼合の向きは予め貼合されていた偏光板と同一方向に吸収軸が向くように行った。
23℃55%RHの環境で、各々の液晶表示装置のバックライトを1週間連続点灯した後、測定を行った。測定にはELDIM社製EZ−Contrast160Dを用いて、液晶表示装置で白表示と黒表示の表示画面の法線方向からの輝度を測定し、その比を正面コントラストとした。
液晶表示装置の任意の5点の正面コントラストを測定し、以下の基準にて評価した。
B:正面コントラストが5〜10%未満のばらつきであり、ムラがややある
C:正面コントラストが10%以上のばらつきであり、ムラが大きい
(視野角劣化)
23℃55%RHの環境でELDIM社製EZ−Contrast160Dを用いて液晶表示装置の視野角測定を行った。続いて23℃20%RH、更に23℃80%RHの環境下で、作製した液晶表示装置の視野角を測定し下記基準にて評価した。最後に23℃55%RHの環境でもう一度視野角測定を行い、前記測定の際の変化が可逆変動であることを確認した。尚、これらの測定は、液晶表示装置を当該環境に5時間置いてから測定を行った。
○:視野角変動が実用上問題ない
△:視野角変動がやや認められる
×:視野角変動が認められる
以上の評価結果を表3に示す
本発明の液晶表示装置101〜123は、比較の液晶表示装置201〜207に対して、正面コントラストムラもなく、湿度が変動する条件下でも視野角変動のない極めて安定した表示性能を示すことが確認された。
5 回転支持体(第1冷却ロール)
6 挟圧回転体(タッチロール)
110 巻芯本体
117 支え板
118 架台
120 偏光板保護フィルム原反
Claims (6)
- スチレン/無水マレイン酸コポリマーとセルロースエステルとを有することを特徴とする偏光板保護フィルム。
- スチレン/無水マレイン酸コポリマーとセルロースエステルとを含有する溶融物を用いて溶融流延法によって製造することを特徴とする偏光板保護フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記一般式(R)で表される化合物、またはフラノース構造もしくはピラノース構造を少なくとも1個有し該フラノース構造もしくはピラノース構造が1〜12個結合した化合物中のOH基のすべてもしくは一部をエステル化した糖エステル化合物を含有することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の偏光板保護フィルムの製造方法。
- 偏光子の少なくとも一方の面に請求項1または2に記載の偏光板保護フィルムを設けたことを特徴とする偏光板。
- 請求項5に記載の偏光板を液晶セルの少なくとも一方の面に用いることを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
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JP2011141313A (ja) * | 2010-01-05 | 2011-07-21 | Konica Minolta Opto Inc | 光学フィルム、及びそれを用いた偏光板、液晶表示装置 |
WO2012124514A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-11 | 2012-09-20 | コニカミノルタアドバンストレイヤー株式会社 | セルロースエステルフィルム、それが具備された偏光板及び液晶表示装置 |
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JP5067366B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-25 | 2012-11-07 | コニカミノルタアドバンストレイヤー株式会社 | 位相差フィルム、偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
JP5067369B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-31 | 2012-11-07 | コニカミノルタアドバンストレイヤー株式会社 | 偏光板保護フィルム、偏光板及び液晶表示装置 |
WO2009011228A1 (ja) * | 2007-07-19 | 2009-01-22 | Konica Minolta Opto, Inc. | セルロースエステルフィルム、セルロースエステルフィルムの製造方法、それを用いた偏光板、及び液晶表示装置 |
WO2009011229A1 (ja) * | 2007-07-19 | 2009-01-22 | Konica Minolta Opto, Inc. | セルロースエステルフィルム、セルロースエステルフィルムの製造方法、それを用いた偏光板保護フィルム、偏光板、及び液晶表示装置 |
JPWO2009011228A1 (ja) * | 2007-07-19 | 2010-09-16 | コニカミノルタオプト株式会社 | セルロースエステルフィルム、セルロースエステルフィルムの製造方法、それを用いた偏光板、及び液晶表示装置 |
JPWO2009011229A1 (ja) * | 2007-07-19 | 2010-09-16 | コニカミノルタオプト株式会社 | セルロースエステルフィルム、セルロースエステルフィルムの製造方法、それを用いた偏光板保護フィルム、偏光板、及び液晶表示装置 |
JP2009221290A (ja) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-10-01 | Konica Minolta Opto Inc | セルロースエステルフィルム及びそれを用いた位相差フィルム、液晶表示装置 |
JP2010024423A (ja) * | 2008-06-19 | 2010-02-04 | Fujifilm Corp | セルロースエステルフィルム、偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
JP2010046834A (ja) * | 2008-08-19 | 2010-03-04 | Fujifilm Corp | セルロースアシレート積層フィルムおよび偏光板 |
US8545737B2 (en) | 2009-08-05 | 2013-10-01 | Konica Minolta Opto, Inc. | Cellulose acetate film, polarizing plate, and liquid crystal display device |
WO2011016279A1 (ja) * | 2009-08-05 | 2011-02-10 | コニカミノルタオプト株式会社 | セルロースアセテートフィルム、偏光板及び液晶表示装置 |
US8524810B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2013-09-03 | Fujifilm Corporation | Cellulose acylate film, method for producing same, polarizer and liquid crystal display device |
JP2011118088A (ja) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-16 | Konica Minolta Opto Inc | 長尺状偏光板、及び液晶表示装置 |
JP2011141313A (ja) * | 2010-01-05 | 2011-07-21 | Konica Minolta Opto Inc | 光学フィルム、及びそれを用いた偏光板、液晶表示装置 |
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WO2023068290A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-22 | 2023-04-27 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 熱可塑性樹脂組成物、成形体、熱可塑性樹脂組成物の製造方法及び透過率向上方法 |
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