JP2006527474A - 安全性が向上した二次電池 - Google Patents
安全性が向上した二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 13
- -1 LiCF 3 SO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 5
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009782 nail-penetration test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
- H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
- H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
- H01M50/178—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for pouch or flexible bag cells
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- H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
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- H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
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- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
- H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
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- H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
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Abstract
また、二次電池において、当該二次電池を構成する正極/負極の外郭の全体及び正極/負極の各電極端子の一部分を包む電池包装材が備えられ、前記電池包装材は、表側に高分子層、裏側にアルミニウム層及びアルミニウム層の裏側の一部分に接着層を含むラミネートフィルム形態からなり、前記電池包装材の表側の上面と底面の少なくとも一面に電気伝導性の金属箔が更に備えられ、前記電気伝導性箔は、正極端子と負極端子のいずれか一方と通電可能に接続されたことを特徴とする二次電池を提供する。
本発明により提供される二次電池は、釘の貫通時に電流が包装材をなすアルミニウム層または包装材の表側の金属箔へと流れ、電池の内部における発熱を抑制し、電池の安全性を向上することができる。
Description
本発明により製造可能な二次電池は、リチウム二次電池が好ましく、リチウム二次電池は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵・放出可能な正極、リチウムイオンを吸蔵・放出可能な負極、多孔性セパレーター膜、及び電解液を含む。
電解液としてEC:EMC=1:2の組成を有する1M LiPF6溶液を使用し、負極には人造黒鉛を使用し、正極にはLiCoO2を使用した。これらを用いて、通常の方法で383562型リチウムポリマー電池を製造し、これをアルミニウムラミネート包装材を用いて包装し、包装材のアルミニウム層と正極端子とを接続するために正極端子側の端子フィルムの一部を除去した後、この部分にアルミニウム金属切片を挿入し熱融着して電池を製造した。
前記実施例1と同様な方法で製造し、包装材のアルミニウム層と負極端子とを接続するためにニッケル金属切片を挿入して電池を製造した。
電解液としてEC:EMC=1:2の組成を有する1M LiPF6溶液を使用し、負極には人造黒鉛を使用し、正極にはLiCoO2を使用した。これらを用いて、通常の方法で383562型リチウムポリマー電池を製造し、これをアルミニウムラミネート包装材を用いて包装し、包装材の表側の高分子層を一部除去してアルミニウム層を外部に露出させた後、アルミニウム切片を包装材のアルミニウム層、正極端子のそれぞれと溶接を行い、包装材のアルミニウム層と正極端子とを電気が流れるように接続して電池を製造した。
前記実施例3と同様な方法で製造し、アルミニウム切片を包装材のアルミニウム層、負極端子のそれぞれと溶接を行い、包装材のアルミニウム層と負極端子とを電気が流れるように接続して電池を製造した。
電解液としてEC:EMC=1:2の組成を有する1M LiPF6溶液を使用し、負極には人造黒鉛を使用し、正極にはLiCoO2を使用した。これらを用いて、通常の方法で383562型リチウムポリマー電池を製造し、これをアルミニウムラミネート包装材を用いて包装し、包装材の表側の両面にアルミニウム箔を付着し、これを正極端子と超音波溶接にて接続して電池を製造した。
前記実施例5と同様な方法で製造し、包装材の表側の両面に銅箔を付着し、これを負極端子と接続して電池を製造した。
前記実施例5と同様な方法で製造し、包装材の表側の両面にアルミニウム箔と銅箔を共に付着し、それぞれを正極端子と負極端子と接続して電池を製造した。この時、両箔の間にセパレータ膜のような非伝導性物質を挿入してショートを防止した。
前記実施例1と同様な方法で製造し、正極または負極端子と包装材のアルミニウム層とを接続せず、また包装材の表側に金属箔を付着せずに電池を製造した。
実施例1乃至4、実施例5乃至7、比較例1で製造した電池をフル充電した状態の電池を用意した。釘の貫通試験機を使用して鉄製の直径2.5mmの釘を上方から電池の中央に貫通した。
Claims (15)
- 二次電池において、
当該二次電池を構成する正極/負極の外郭の全体及び正極/負極の各電極端子の一部分を包む電池包装材が備えられ、
前記電池包装材は、表側に高分子層、裏側にアルミニウム層及びアルミニウム層の裏側の一部分に接着層を含むラミネートフィルム形態からなり、
前記電池包装材のアルミニウム層は、電池の正極端子と負極端子のいずれか一方と通電可能に接続されたことを特徴とする二次電池。 - 第1項において、
前記電池包装材のアルミニウム層と正極端子/負極端子とが直接に接続される構造と、電気伝導性物質を挿入することで接続される構造のいずれかであることを特徴とする二次電池。 - 第2項において、
前記電池包装材のアルミニウム層と両電極端子のいずれか一方とが直接に接続された構造は、電池の外郭を電池包装材で包んだ状態で当該端子と接する部分を他の部分より強く押して熱融着することで接続した構造と、電池包装材の接着層の一部を除去することで接続した構造と、当該端子に端子フィルムが被覆された場合、該端子フィルムの一部を除去することで接続した構造と、電池包装材の接着層と電極端子を被覆する端子フィルムの対応部分を除去することで接続した構造のいずれかであることを特徴とする二次電池。 - 第2項において、
前記電池包装材のアルミニウム層と両電極端子のいずれか一方とを前記電気伝導性物質を介在して接続した構造は、当該端子と接する電池包装材の接着層の一部を除去し、該除去された部分と当該端子との間に電気伝導性物質からなる切片を挿入することで接続した構造と、電池包装材の表側の高分子層の少なくとも一部を除去し、該除去された部分と当該端子との間に電気伝導性物質からなる切片を挿入することで接続した構造のいずれかであることを特徴とする二次電池。 - 第2項において、
電気伝導性物質は、アルミニウム、銅及びニッケルよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする二次電池。 - 第1項乃至第5項のいずれかにおいて、
リチウム二次電池であることを特徴とする二次電池。 - 第1項乃至第5項のいずれかにおいて、
前記電池包装材の表側の上面と底面の少なくとも一面に電気伝導性の金属箔が更に備えられ、この電気伝導性箔は、正極端子と負極端子のいずれか一方と通電可能に接続されたことを特徴とする二次電池。 - 表側に高分子層、裏側にアルミニウム層及びアルミニウム層の裏側の一部分に接着層を含むラミネートフィルム形態からなる電池包装材であって、
正極端子または負極端子と接する電池包装材の接着層の一部が除去され、該除去された部分に電気伝導性物質からなる切片が挿入されたことを特徴とする電池包装材。 - 表側に高分子層、裏側にアルミニウム層及びアルミニウム層の裏側の一部分に接着層を含むラミネートフィルム形態からなる電池包装材であって、
電池包装材の表側の高分子層の少なくとも一部が除去され、該除去された部分に電気伝導性物質からなる切片が挿入されたことを特徴とする電池包装材。 - 二次電池において、
当該二次電池を構成する正極/負極の外郭の全体及び正極/負極の各電極端子の一部分を包む電池包装材が備えられ、
前記電池包装材は、表側に高分子層、裏側にアルミニウム層及びアルミニウム層の裏側の一部分に接着層を含むラミネートフィルム形態からなり、
前記電池包装材の表側の上面と底面の少なくとも一面に電気伝導性の金属箔が更に備えられ、
前記電気伝導性箔は、正極端子と負極端子のいずれか一方と通電可能に接続されたことを特徴とする二次電池。 - 第10項において、
金属箔は、電気伝導性を有する金属、金属酸化物またはこれらの合金よりなる群から選ばれた材料で製造されたことを特徴とする二次電池。 - 第10項において、
金属箔は、熱伝導性を更に有することを特徴とする二次電池。 - 第10項において、
2つ以上の金属箔を使用する場合、非伝導性物質からなるセパレータ膜を金属箔の間に挿入し使用することを特徴とする二次電池。 - 第10項乃至第13項のいずれかにおいて、
リチウム二次電池であることを特徴とする二次電池。 - 表側に高分子層、裏側にアルミニウム層及びアルミニウム層の裏側の一部分に接着層を含むラミネートフィルム形態からなる電池包装材であって、
前記電池包装材の表側の上面と底面の少なくとも一面に電気伝導性の金属箔が更に備えられていることを特徴とする電池包装材。
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