JP2006522204A - 直接注入エンジンにおける吸い込みバルブの堆積物を減少させる方法 - Google Patents
直接注入エンジンにおける吸い込みバルブの堆積物を減少させる方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006522204A JP2006522204A JP2006508780A JP2006508780A JP2006522204A JP 2006522204 A JP2006522204 A JP 2006522204A JP 2006508780 A JP2006508780 A JP 2006508780A JP 2006508780 A JP2006508780 A JP 2006508780A JP 2006522204 A JP2006522204 A JP 2006522204A
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- Prior art keywords
- polyisobutene
- substituted
- oil
- derived
- acid
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
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- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 2-ethylhexyl diester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 69
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 45
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
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- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl sebacate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N (e)-10-[2-(7-carboxyheptyl)-5,6-dihexylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]dec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC1C=CC(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C1CCCCCC CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- NUCFNMOPTGEHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-2h-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=C2C(Br)=NNC2=C1 NUCFNMOPTGEHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CLPFFLWZZBQMAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl)benzonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1C1N2C=NC=C2CCC1 CLPFFLWZZBQMAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl adipate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCC XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WLLCYXDFVBWGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(8-methylnonyl) nonanedioate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC(C)C WLLCYXDFVBWGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940100539 dibutyl adipate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- RLPSARLYTKXVSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethanamine Chemical compound CC(N)C1=CN=CS1 RLPSARLYTKXVSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 14
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 8
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCO BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical compound S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003870 salicylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940012831 stearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RVEZZJVBDQCTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfenic acid Chemical compound SO RVEZZJVBDQCTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUUPQKDIAURBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfinic acid Chemical compound OS=O BUUPQKDIAURBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITRFOBBKTCNNFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(sulfanyl)-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound SP(S)(S)=S ITRFOBBKTCNNFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIMODYJOEUHTAF-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dicyclohexyloxy-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1CCCCC1OP(=S)([S-])OC1CCCCC1.C1CCCCC1OP(=S)([S-])OC1CCCCC1 NIMODYJOEUHTAF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OFCLICZRRNTIOR-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dioctoxy-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCOP([S-])(=S)OCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCOP([S-])(=S)OCCCCCCCC OFCLICZRRNTIOR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
直接注入エンジンは、燃料噴射がエンジンのシリンダー内部で起こるエンジンである。燃料が直接的にシリンダーの中へ注入されるという事実は、燃焼される燃料の量および注入のタイミングの正確なコントロールを可能にする。しかし、これらのエンジンに関する問題は、吸い込みバルブの堆積物が、受け入れられないレベルまで蓄積する傾向があることである。これらの堆積物は、バルブの閉鎖、バルブの動きおよびバルブの封鎖を妨げる。それらは、エンジンの効率を減少させ、最大の力を制限する。本発明は、この問題の解決策を提供する。
本発明は、直接注入エンジンにおける吸い込みバルブの堆積物を減少させる方法に関連し、その方法は、基油混合物を含む潤滑油組成物を用いてエンジンを潤滑させる工程を包含し、その基油混合物は、(i)グループIIIオイル、グループIVオイルまたはそれらの混合物、(ii)合成エステルオイルとの組み合わせを含み、(i)と(ii)との重量比が約0.2:1〜約6:1である。
用語「ヒドロカルビル」および「炭化水素」とは、分子の残りに結合される基をいう場合、本発明の状況内で、純粋に炭化水素または主に炭化水素の性質を有する基をいう。そのような基としては以下が挙げられる:
(1)純粋に炭化水素基;つまり、脂肪族基、脂環式基、芳香族基、脂肪族置換芳香族基および脂環式置換芳香族基、芳香族置換脂肪族基および芳香族置換脂環式基など、ならびに環式基であり、ここで、その環は、分子の別の部分を介して完成される(つまり、任意の2つの表された置換基が、脂環式基を一緒に形成し得る)。例としては、メチル、オクチル、シクロヘキシル、フェニルなどが挙げられる。
直接注入エンジンは、火花点火機関または圧縮点火機関であり得る。これらのエンジンは、自動車のエンジンまたはトラックのエンジン、2サイクルエンジン、航空ピストンエンジン、海洋ディーゼルエンジンまたは鉄道ディーゼルエンジン、などであり得る。包含されるものは、オンハイウェイエンジンまたはオフハイウェイエンジンである。圧縮点火機関は、移動発電装置および固定発電装置の両方についてのエンジンを含み得る。圧縮点火機関は、都会のバス、ならびに全ての種類のトラックにおいて使用されるエンジンを含み得る。圧縮点火機関は、1サイクルにつき2ストロークのタイプであり得るか、または1サイクルタイプにつき4ストロークのタイプであり得る。圧縮点火機関は、強力なディーゼルエンジンを含み得る。
本発明の方法に従って使用される潤滑油組成物は、一般に潤滑油組成物の全重量に基づいて主要な量で存在する基油混合物を含む。この基油混合物は、潤滑油組成物の約50重量%より多い量、ある実施形態では約60重量%より多い量、ある実施形態では約70重量%より多い量で存在し得る。潤滑油組成物は、以下:代表的に分散剤として機能するアシル化された窒素含有化合物;代表的に分散剤として機能するマンニッヒ縮合物;代表的に清浄剤(detergent)として機能するアルカリ金属含有塩またはアルカリ土類金属含有塩;ならびに/あるいは代表的に耐摩耗剤もしくは耐極度圧力(EP)添加剤として機能するリン含有化合物の金属塩をさらに含み得る。潤滑油組成物は、当該分野において公知の他の添加剤をさらに含み得る。
基油混合物は、(i)グループIIIオイル、グループIVオイル、またはそれらの混合物、(ii)合成エステルオイルとの組み合わせを含む。オイル成分(i)とオイル成分(ii)との重量比は、約0.2:1〜約6:1、ある実施形態では約0.2:1〜約5:1、ある実施形態では約0.3:1〜約4:1、ある実施形態では約0.4:1〜約3.5:1の範囲であり得る。ある実施形態では、その比は、約2.5:1〜約3.5:1、ある実施形態では約2.8:1〜約3.2:1である。ある実施形態では、その比は、約0.3:1〜約0.6:1、ある実施形態では約0.4:1〜約0.5:1である。
HOCH2(CHOH)1−5CH2OH
の糖アルコール(例えば、グリセロール、ソルビトール、マンニトールなど)およびそれの部分的にエステル化された誘導体、ならびにメチロールポリオール(例えば、ペンタエリスリトール)およびそのオリゴマー(ジペンタエリスリトールおよびトリペンタエリスリトールなど)、トリメチロールエタンおよびトリメチロールプロパンが、使用され得る。
アシル化された窒素含有化合物は、アミノ化合物とカルボン酸アシル化剤を反応させることによって製造され得る。アシル化剤は、イミド、アミド、アミジンまたは塩結合を介してアミノ化合物に結合され得る。少なくとも約10個の脂肪族炭素原子から構成される置換基は、分子のカルボン酸アシル化剤誘導部分または分子のアミノ化合物誘導部分のいずれかにおいて存在し得る。
マンニッヒ縮合物は、少なくとも1種のアルデヒドまたはアルデヒド誘導物質(例えば、ホルムアルデヒド前駆物質)および少なくとも1つのNH基を有する少なくとも1種のモノアミンまたはポリアミンと、芳香族炭素に結合した少なくとも1種の水素原子を有するヒドロカルビル置換フェノール(例えば、アルキルフェノール、ここで、アルキル基は、約12個〜約400個の炭素原子、ある実施形態では約30個〜約400個の炭素原子の平均値を有する)との縮合反応から誘導される生成物であり得る。モノアミンとしては、1個〜約30個の炭素原子の炭化水素置換基、または1個〜約30個の炭素原子のヒドロキシ置換炭化水素置換基を有する第1級モノアミンまたは第2級モノアミンが挙げられる。例としては、メチルエチルアミン、メチルオクタデシルアミン、アニリン、ジエチルアミン、ジエタノールアミン、ジプロピルアミン、などが挙げられる。ポリアミンは、アシル化された窒素含有化合物に関する考察で上記の任意のポリアミンであり得る。
アルカリ金属塩清浄剤またはアルカリ土類金属塩清浄剤は、酸性有機化合物のアルカリ金属塩またはアルカリ土類金属塩であり得る。酸性有機化合物は、有機硫酸、カルボン酸もしくはその誘導体、フェノールまたはヒドロカルビル置換サリゲニンであり得る。酸性有機化合物は、サリキサレート(salixarate)誘導体であり得る。これらの塩は、中性または過塩基性(overbased)であり得る。前者は、塩のアニオンに存在する酸性基を中和するために、ちょうど十分な一定量の金属カチオンを含む;後者は、過剰の金属カチオンを含み、しばしば塩基性、過塩基性(hyperbased)または超塩基性(superbased)の塩と呼ばれる。これらの塩は、約30〜約500、ある実施形態では約100〜約400、ある実施形態では約200〜約400、ある実施形態では約300〜約400の範囲のTBNを有し得る。
の少なくとも1単位を含む実質的に直鎖状化合物であり得、式(VI−C)または式(VI−D):
の末端基を有する化合物の各末端は、二価の架橋基Aによって結合される基であり、それは、各結合に対して同じであっても異なっていてもよく;ここで、式(VI−A)〜式(VI−D)において、R3は、水素またはヒドロカルビル基であり;R2は、水酸基またはヒドロカルビル基であり、jは、0、1、または2であり;R6は、水素、ヒドロカルビル基、またはヘテロ置換ヒドロカルビル基であり;R4のいずれかは水酸基であり、R5およびR7は、独立して、水素、ヒドロカルビル基、またはヘテロ置換ヒドロカルビル基のいずれかであるか、あるいは他のR5およびR7は、両方、水酸基であり、R4は、水素、ヒドロカルビル基、またはヘテロ置換ヒドロカルビル基である;但し、R4、R5、R6およびR7のうちの少なくとも1つは、少なくとも8個の炭素原子を含むヒドロカルビル基であり;そしてここで、平均して分子は、少なくとも1つの(VI−A)単位または(VI−C)単位および少なくとも1つの(VI−B)単位または(VI−D)単位を含み、組成物中の(VI−A)単位および(VI−C)単位の全数と(VI−B)単位および(VI−D)単位の全数との比は、約0.1:1〜約2:1である。二価の架橋基Aは、各存在において同じであっても異なっていてもよく、−CH2−(メチレン架橋)および−CH2OCH2−(エーテル架橋)が挙げられ、そのいずれかは、ホルムアルデヒドまたはホルムアルデヒド当量(例えば、パラホルム、ホルマリン)から誘導され得る。サリキサレート誘導体およびそれらの調製の方法は、米国特許第6,200,936号およびPCT公開番号WO 01/56968により詳細に記載されており、それらは、本明細書中に参考として援用される。サリキサレート誘導体は、直鎖状と環状の両方の構造が用語「サリキサレート」によって包含されると意図されるが、大環状の構造というよりむしろ、主に直鎖状であると考えられる。
リン含有金属塩を製造する際に有用なリン含有酸は、式
潤滑油組成物はまた、当該分野に公知である他の潤滑油添加剤を含み得る。これらとしては、例えば、腐食阻害剤、酸化防止剤、粘性調整剤、分散性の粘度指数調整剤、流動点降下剤、摩擦調整剤、上記で考察したもの以外の耐摩耗剤、上記で考察したもの以外のEP剤、上記で考察したもの以外の分散剤、上記で考察したもの以外の清浄剤、流動性調整剤、銅の不動態化剤(passivator)、消泡剤、などが挙げられる。酸化防止剤としては、硫化オレフィン、ヒンダードフェノール、アルキル化されたジフェニルアミン、モリブデン化合物、などが挙げられる。各々の前記の添加剤は、使用される場合、潤滑剤に所望の性質を与えるために、機能的に有効な量で使用される。一般に、これらの添加剤の各々の濃度は、使用される場合、潤滑油組成物の全重量に基づいて約0.001重量%〜約20重量%、ある実施形態では約0.01重量%〜約10重量%の範囲である。
前記の潤滑油添加剤は、潤滑油組成物を形成するために、基油に直接的に添加され得る。しかし、ある実施形態では、さらなる濃縮物を形成するために、1種以上の添加剤は実質的に不活性な、通常は液体の有機希釈液(例えば、鉱油、合成油、ナフサ、アルキル化された(例えば、C10〜C13アルキル)ベンゼン、トルエンまたはキシレン)で希釈される。これらの濃縮物は、通常、約1重量%〜約99重量%、ある実施形態では10重量%〜90重量%のそのような希釈液を含む。その濃縮物は、潤滑油組成物を形成するために、基油に添加され得る。
表1に開示した潤滑油組成物を、Mitsubishi GDIエンジン試験を使用して試験した。そのエンジンは、1.8リットル、4気筒、直接注入ガソリンエンジンである。以下の試験サイクルを、60時間の試験時間の間、60回繰り返した:
表IIに開示した潤滑油組成物を、VW FSIエンジン試験を使用して試験した。そのエンジンは、1.1リットル、4気筒、直接注入ガソリンエンジンである。試験サイクルは、Braunschweigサイクルである。試験サイクルは、10分間であり、それを600回繰り返した。試験時間は100時間である。試験の終わりに、エンジンを急停止させて、堆積物の重さを測定するために、堆積物を有する吸気バルブと有さない吸気バルブの重さを量った。例4〜6は、本発明の範囲内である。例C−2は、比較の目的のために、提供した。その結果を表IIに示す。
Claims (28)
- 直接注入エンジンにおける吸い込みバルブの堆積物を減少させる方法であって、該方法が、基油混合物を含む潤滑油組成物を用いてエンジンを潤滑させる工程を包含し、該基油混合物が、(i)グループIIIオイル、グループIVオイル、またはその混合物、(ii)合成エステルオイルとの組み合わせを含み、(i)と(ii)との重量比が約0.2:1〜約6:1である、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記直接注入エンジンが、火花点火機関である、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記直接注入エンジンが、圧縮点火機関である、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記潤滑油組成物が、100℃で約16.3cStまでの粘性を有する、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記潤滑油組成物が、5、10、20、30、40、50、60、0W−20、0W−30、0W−40、0W−50、0W−60、5W−20、5W−30、5W−40、5W−50、5W−60、10W−20、10W−30、10W−40、10W−50、15W−20、15W−30、15W−40、15W−50、20W−20、20W−30、20W−40または20W−50のSAE粘性グレードを有する、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記グループIIIオイルが、少なくとも約95重量%の飽和含有量および約0.02重量%までの硫黄含有量を有する、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記グループIVオイルが、約4個〜約30個の炭素原子を有する1種以上のモノマーから誘導されるポリアルファオレフィンオイルである、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記グループIVオイルが、100℃で約2cSt〜約15cStの粘性を有するポリアルファオレフィンオイルである、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記合成エステルオイルが、モノカルボン酸またはジカルボン酸およびアルコールまたはポリオールから誘導される、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記合成エステルオイルが、アジピン酸ジブチル、セバシン酸ジ(2−エチルヘキシル)、フマル酸ジ−n−ヘキシル、セバシン酸ジオクチル、アゼライン酸ジイソオクチル、アゼライン酸ジイソデシル、フタル酸ジオクチル、フタル酸ジデシル、セバシン酸ジエイコシル、リノール酸二量体の2−エチルヘキシルジエステル、1モルのセバシン酸を2モルのテトラエチレングリコールおよび2モルの2−エチルヘキサン酸と反応させることによって形成されるエステル、またはそれらの2種以上の混合物を含む、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記合成エステルオイルが、約8個〜約10個の炭素原子のモノカルボン酸およびトリメチロールプロパンから誘導される、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記合成エステルオイルが、約12個〜約20個の炭素原子のモノカルボン酸および約12個〜約20個の炭素原子のアルコールから誘導される、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記潤滑油組成物が、少なくとも約10個の脂肪族炭素原子の置換基を有するアシル化された窒素含有化合物をさらに含む、方法。
- 請求項13に記載の方法であって、前記アシル化された窒素含有化合物が、カルボン酸アシル化剤および少なくとも1種の−NH−基を含む少なくとも1種のアミノ化合物から誘導され、該アシル化剤が、イミド、アミド、アミジンまたは塩結合を介して該アミノ化合物に結合される、方法。
- 請求項13に記載の方法であって、前記アシル化された窒素含有化合物が、ポリイソブテン置換スクシンイミドであり、コハク酸基とポリイソブテンとの当量の比が、約0.6:1〜約1.8:1の範囲である、方法。
- 請求項13に記載の方法であって、前記アシル化された窒素含有化合物が、ポリイソブテン置換スクシンイミドであり、コハク酸基とポリイソブテンとの当量の比が、約0.9:1〜約1.5:1の範囲である、方法。
- 請求項13に記載の方法であって、前記アシル化された窒素含有化合物が、ポリイソブテン置換スクシンイミドであり、該ポリイソブテン置換スクシンイミドが、ポリイソブテン置換無水コハク酸またはポリイソブテン置換コハク酸および少なくとも1種のポリアミンから誘導され、該ポリイソブテン置換無水コハク酸由来のC=Oと該ポリアミン由来のNとの比が、約1.18:1までである、方法。
- 請求項13に記載の方法であって、前記アシル化された窒素含有化合物が、ポリイソブテン置換スクシンイミドであり、該ポリイソブテン置換スクシンイミドが、ポリイソブテン置換無水コハク酸またはポリイソブテン置換コハク酸および少なくとも1種のポリアミンから誘導され、該ポリイソブテン置換無水コハク酸由来のC=Oと該ポリアミン由来のNとの比が、約1.1:1までである、方法。
- 請求項13に記載の方法であって、前記アシル化された窒素含有化合物が、ポリイソブテン置換スクシンイミドであり、該ポリイソブテン置換スクシンイミドが、ポリイソブテン置換無水コハク酸またはポリイソブテン置換コハク酸および少なくとも1種のポリアミンから誘導され、該ポリイソブテン置換基が、約1500〜約3000の範囲の数平均分子量を有し、該ポリイソブテン置換無水コハク酸またはポリイソブテン置換コハク酸由来のC=Oと該ポリアミン由来のNとの比が、約1:2までである、方法。
- 請求項13に記載の方法であって、前記アシル化された窒素含有化合物が、ポリイソブテン基において少なくとも約50個の脂肪族炭素原子を含むポリイソブテン置換スクシンイミドである、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記潤滑油組成物が、マンニッヒ(Mannich)縮合物をさらに含む、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記潤滑油組成物が、アルカリ金属塩またはアルカリ土類金属塩の清浄剤をさらに含む、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記潤滑油組成物が、少なくとも1種の清浄剤、分散剤、腐食阻害剤、酸化防止剤、粘性改良剤、EP剤、流動点降下剤、摩擦調整剤、流動性調整剤、消泡剤、またはその2つ以上の混合物をさらに含む、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記潤滑油組成物が、約1.8重量%までの硫酸化の灰含有量を有する、方法。
- 直接注入エンジンにおける吸い込みバルブの堆積物を減少させる方法であって、該方法が、以下:
ポリアルファオレフィンオイルおよび合成エステルオイルを含む基油混合物であって、該ポリアルファオレフィンオイルと該合成エステルオイルとの重量比が、約0.2:1〜約6:1である、基油混合物;ならびに
ポリイソブテン置換スクシンイミドであって、該ポリイソブテン置換スクシンイミドが、ポリイソブテン置換無水コハク酸またはポリイソブテン置換コハク酸および少なくとも1種のポリアミンから誘導され、コハク酸基とポリイソブテンとの当量の比が、約0.9:1〜約1.8:1の範囲であり、該ポリイソブテンの数平均分子量が、約750〜約3000の範囲である、ポリイソブテン置換スクシンイミド
を含む潤滑油組成物を用いてエンジンを潤滑させる工程を包含する、方法。 - 直接注入エンジンにおける吸い込みバルブの堆積物を減少させる方法であって、該方法が、以下:
ポリアルファオレフィンオイルおよび合成エステルオイルを含む基油混合物であって、該ポリアルファオレフィンオイルと該合成エステルオイルとの重量比が、約0.2:1〜約6:1である、基油混合物;ならびに
ポリイソブテン置換スクシンイミドであって、該ポリイソブテン置換スクシンイミドが、ポリイソブテン置換無水コハク酸またはポリイソブテン置換コハク酸および少なくとも1種のポリアミンから誘導され、ポリイソブテン置換無水コハク酸由来のC=Oとポリアミン由来のNとのモル比が、約1.18:1までであり、ポリイソブテンの数平均分子量が、約750〜約3000の範囲である、ポリイソブテン置換スクシンイミド
を含む潤滑油組成物を用いてエンジンを潤滑させる工程を包含する、方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1608725A1 (en) | 2005-12-28 |
WO2004094573A1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
US20040198614A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
US6846782B2 (en) | 2005-01-25 |
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