JP2006512747A - 過放電性能改善用添加剤を含む正極活物質及びこれを用いたリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
過放電性能改善用添加剤を含む正極活物質及びこれを用いたリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 LiCF 3 SO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000009784 over-discharge test Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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Abstract
[化1]
LiMxMn1−xO2
(前記式中、xは、0.05≦x<0.5であり、Mは、Cr、Al、Ni、Mn、およびCoよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の金属である。)
本発明は、前記化学式1のリチウムマンガン酸化物をリチウム二次電池の正極活物質の添加剤として使用して、負極のリチウムイオン消費非可逆反応が補償できる程度またはそれ以上のリチウムイオンを非可逆的に提供することにより、過放電時における容量の損失が少ない優れたリチウム二次電池を提供することができる。
Description
LiMxMn1−xO2
(前記式中、xは、0.05≦x<0.5であり、Mは、Cr、Al、Ni、Mn、およびCoよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の金属である。)
本発明のリチウム二次電池は、a)前記本発明の正極活物質を含む正極と、b)負極と、c)分離膜、およびd)リチウム塩と電解液化合物を含有する非水電解液と、を含む。
LiMxMn1−xO2
(前記式中、xは、0.05≦x<0.5であり、Mは、Cr、Al、Ni、Mn、およびCoよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の金属である。)
前記化学式1のリチウムマンガン酸化物( LiMxMn1−xO2)は、層状構造の単斜晶系(monoclinic)または斜方晶系(orthorhombic)または六方晶系(hexagonal)構造を有するものであって、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)とマンガン酸化物(Mn2O3)、金属酸化物を固状混合した後、アルゴン雰囲気で高温熱処理することにより製造することができる。
LiM2xMn2−2xO4
(前記式中、xは、0.05≦x<0.5であり、Mは、Cr、Al、Ni、Mn、およびCoよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の金属である。)
層状構造を有する化学式1のリチウムマンガン酸化物は、図1に示し、スピネル構造を有する化学式2のリチウムマンガン酸化物は、図2に示している。
通常の方法でポーチタイプの383562サイズのポリマー電池を製造した。
前記実施例1と同様な方法で実施し、正極に正極活物質添加剤(LiCr0.1Mn0.9O2)を使用せずに電池を製造した。
図3は、実施例1において正極活物質の添加剤として使用された化学式1のリチウムマンガン酸化物のLiCr0.1Mn0.9O2のX線回折法による構造分析の結果を示す図である。図3によれば、化学式1のリチウムマンガン酸化物が層状構造を有する化合物であることが分かる。
前記実施例1および比較例1で製造されたポーチタイプの383562サイズのポリマー電池に対し、通常の方法で過放電前後の充電容量と放電容量を測定し、これに対する過放電試験の結果を図8に示した。数値は、過放電前の0.2C、1Cの放電容量に対する過放電後の0.2C、1Cの放電容量の回復率をそれぞれ示す。図8からみると、本発明の実施例1の場合、過放電試験後において90%以上の容量の回復率をみせ、比較例1に比べて優れた過放電防止効果をみせる。
前記実施例1および比較例1に対して3電極実験を実施してみると、過放電時における正極活物質添加剤の役割が確認できる。前記実施例1および比較例1で製造されたポーチタイプの383562サイズのポリマー電池にリチウム金属からなる基準電極(レファレンス電極)を挿入して製造した。この時、基準電極と正極、負極のそれぞれの電位差を測定し、充・放電時における実際の電池内での基準電極に対する正極と負極の電位がどのように挙動するかを調べてみた。
Claims (7)
- 1.リチウムイオンを吸蔵・放出するリチウム転移金属酸化物を含むリチウム二次電池用正極活物質において、
下記の化学式1で表される層状構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物を添加剤として更に含むことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
[化1]
LiMxMn1−xO2
(前記式中、xは、0.05≦x<0.5であり、Mは、Cr、Al、Ni、Mn、およびCoよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の金属である。) - 2.第1項において、前記層状構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物の含量は、リチウム転移金属酸化物100重量部に対し1〜50重量部であることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 3.第1項において、前記層状構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物は、LiCr0.1Mn0.9O2であることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 4.第1項において、前記リチウム転移金属酸化物は、、LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMnO2、LiMn2O4、Li(NiaCobMnc)O2、LiNi1−dCodO2、LiCo1−dMndO2、LiNi1−dMndO2、Li(NixCoyMnz)O4、LiMn2−nNinO4、LiMn2−nConO4、LiCoPO4およびLiFePO4よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種であることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
(前記酸化物において、0<a<1であり、0<b<1であり、0<c<1であり、a+b+c=1であり、0≦d<1であり、0<x<2であり、0<y<2であり、0<z<2であり、x+y+z=2であり、0<n<2である。) - 5.正極と、負極と、分離膜、およびリチウム塩と電解液化合物を含有する非水電解液と、を含むリチウム二次電池において、
前記正極は、第1項乃至第4項のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質を含むことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。 - 6.第5項において、前記正極活物質のうちの下記の化学式1で表される層状構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物が、リチウム二次電池の最初の充・放電により下記の化学式2で表されるスピネル構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物に変化したリチウム二次電池。
[化1]
LiMxMn1−xO2
[化2]
LiM2xMn2−2xO4
(前記式中、xは、0.05≦x<0.5であり、Mは、Cr、Al、Ni、Mn、およびCoよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の金属である。) - 7.第5項において、前記リチウム塩は、LiClO4、LiCF3SO3、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiAsF6、およびLiN(CF3SO2)2よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種であり、
前記電解液化合物は、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、γ-ブチルラクトン(GBL)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、およびメチルプロピルカーボネート(MPC)よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種のカーボネートを含むことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。
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PCT/KR2004/000786 WO2004091016A1 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2004-04-06 | Cathode active material comprising additive for improving overdischarge-performance and lithium secondary battery using the same |
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Cited By (5)
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JP2008547156A (ja) * | 2005-04-22 | 2008-12-25 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 大容量不可逆物質を含有する新規なリチウムイオン電池システム |
WO2013108396A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-20 | 2013-07-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池の製造方法及び非水電解質二次電池 |
JPWO2013108396A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-20 | 2015-05-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池の製造方法及び非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2022540661A (ja) * | 2020-01-31 | 2022-09-16 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | 二次電池用正極材に含まれる不可逆添加剤、それを含む正極材、および正極材を含む二次電池 |
JP7276979B2 (ja) | 2020-01-31 | 2023-05-18 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | 二次電池用正極材に含まれる不可逆添加剤、それを含む正極材、および正極材を含む二次電池 |
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EP1609201A4 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
TWI269472B (en) | 2006-12-21 |
RU2307431C2 (ru) | 2007-09-27 |
BRPI0409759B1 (pt) | 2015-12-29 |
WO2004091016A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
TW200501472A (en) | 2005-01-01 |
BRPI0409759A (pt) | 2006-05-09 |
CA2522107A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
RU2005134662A (ru) | 2006-04-10 |
KR20040088292A (ko) | 2004-10-16 |
KR100533095B1 (ko) | 2005-12-01 |
US20070015055A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
CN1771618A (zh) | 2006-05-10 |
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EP1609201A1 (en) | 2005-12-28 |
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