JP2006502017A - フィルムを火炎穿孔するための装置およびフィルムを火炎穿孔する方法 - Google Patents
フィルムを火炎穿孔するための装置およびフィルムを火炎穿孔する方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2006502017A JP2006502017A JP2004543248A JP2004543248A JP2006502017A JP 2006502017 A JP2006502017 A JP 2006502017A JP 2004543248 A JP2004543248 A JP 2004543248A JP 2004543248 A JP2004543248 A JP 2004543248A JP 2006502017 A JP2006502017 A JP 2006502017A
- Authority
- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- burner
- film
- flame
- support surface
- roll
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011127 biaxially oriented polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920006378 biaxially oriented polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- -1 Polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- LGXVIGDEPROXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloroethene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=C LGXVIGDEPROXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAWGQUPKYLTTNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2,7-benzodioxecine-1,8-dione Chemical compound O=C1OCCCCOC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C12 CAWGQUPKYLTTNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002449 FKM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000233805 Phoenix Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- UHPJWJRERDJHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C=C.C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 UHPJWJRERDJHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000306 polymethylpentene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011116 polymethylpentene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
- B26F1/26—Perforating by non-mechanical means, e.g. by fluid jet
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
- Y10S425/037—Perforate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Looms (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/267,538 US7037100B2 (en) | 2002-10-09 | 2002-10-09 | Apparatus for flame-perforating films and methods of flame-perforating films |
| PCT/US2003/026081 WO2004033169A1 (en) | 2002-10-09 | 2003-08-19 | An apparatus for flame-perforating films and methods of flame-perforating films |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2006502017A true JP2006502017A (ja) | 2006-01-19 |
| JP2006502017A5 JP2006502017A5 (enExample) | 2006-09-07 |
Family
ID=32068401
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004543248A Pending JP2006502017A (ja) | 2002-10-09 | 2003-08-19 | フィルムを火炎穿孔するための装置およびフィルムを火炎穿孔する方法 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (5) | US7037100B2 (enExample) |
| EP (4) | EP1854599A3 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2006502017A (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE375853T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2003259948A1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE60316974T2 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2004033169A1 (enExample) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101822209B1 (ko) * | 2009-12-14 | 2018-01-25 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | 미세 천공된 중합체 필름과, 그의 제조 방법 및 사용 방법 |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7037100B2 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2006-05-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Apparatus for flame-perforating films and methods of flame-perforating films |
| US7160095B2 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2007-01-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Apparatus for oxygen enriched flame-perforation of a polymer film |
| US7815355B2 (en) * | 2005-08-27 | 2010-10-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Direct-lit backlight having light recycling cavity with concave transflector |
| US7537374B2 (en) * | 2005-08-27 | 2009-05-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Edge-lit backlight having light recycling cavity with concave transflector |
| CN101297234B (zh) * | 2005-08-27 | 2010-08-11 | 3M创新有限公司 | 照明组件和系统 |
| US20070047228A1 (en) * | 2005-08-27 | 2007-03-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Methods of forming direct-lit backlights having light recycling cavity with concave transflector |
| US20070148337A1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-06-28 | Nichols Jonathan A | Flame-perforated aperture masks |
| US20090022927A1 (en) * | 2007-07-19 | 2009-01-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Flame-perforated films having controlled tear characteristics and methods, systems, and apparatus for making same |
| US7635264B2 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-12-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Attenuating combustion noise of premixed flames |
| JP5366426B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-04 | 2013-12-11 | 東芝機械株式会社 | 多孔性フィルムの製膜方法及び多孔性フィルム製膜用の逐次二軸延伸装置 |
| FR2956123B1 (fr) * | 2010-02-08 | 2017-10-27 | Dalic | Procede de protection d'un substrat metallique contre la corrosion et l'abrasion, et substrat metallique obtenu par ce procede. |
| US9726349B2 (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2017-08-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Decorative light |
| US9612011B2 (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2017-04-04 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Preheat burner assembly and method |
| US20160023393A1 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2016-01-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making polymeric multilayer films |
| EP2969535B1 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2020-01-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polymeric multilayer films and methods to make the same |
| CN105073356A (zh) * | 2013-03-12 | 2015-11-18 | 3M创新有限公司 | 聚合物多层膜及其制备方法 |
| US9494454B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2016-11-15 | Joseph Baumoel | Phase controlled variable angle ultrasonic flow meter |
| CN105813814B (zh) * | 2013-12-12 | 2017-09-12 | 3M创新有限公司 | 制备聚合物多层膜的方法 |
| WO2015100319A1 (en) | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Adhesive tapes and methods for making |
| US9855518B2 (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2018-01-02 | ClearCove Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for a vertical lift decanter system in a water treatment system |
| US9908067B2 (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2018-03-06 | ClearCove Systems, Inc. | Floatables and scum removal apparatus for a waste water treatment system |
| KR20170097723A (ko) | 2014-12-23 | 2017-08-28 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | 수동 인열성 시트 및 이의 제조 방법 |
| US9752907B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2017-09-05 | Joseph Baumoel | Phase controlled variable angle ultrasonic flow meter |
| US20200070314A1 (en) | 2017-05-09 | 2020-03-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive sheet including a plurality of protrusions |
| JP2020519492A (ja) | 2017-05-09 | 2020-07-02 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 把持材料 |
| DE102017216536B4 (de) | 2017-09-19 | 2023-07-06 | Vitesco Technologies GmbH | Verfahren zur Kompensation von Störungen eines gemessenen Winkelsignals eines magnetischen Winkelsensors einer elektrischen Maschine und ein entsprechend ausgebildeter Mikrokontroller, eine elektrische Maschine, sowie ein Computerprogrammprodukt |
| WO2020240378A1 (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2020-12-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Heat-treated, non-oriented (co)polymeric films and methods for making the same using an oriented carrier film |
| WO2020240388A1 (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2020-12-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Heat-treated, oriented (co)polymeric films and methods for making the same using a cross-linked carrier layer |
| WO2021234494A1 (en) | 2020-05-19 | 2021-11-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Porous coated abrasive article and method of making the same |
| US20230278170A1 (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2023-09-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article and method of making the same |
| EP4192649B1 (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2025-01-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive articles and method of making the same |
| CN112936509B (zh) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-07-12 | 中铁九局集团有限公司 | 适用于地铁盾构管片混凝土自动收面装备 |
| WO2023203407A1 (en) | 2022-04-19 | 2023-10-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Retroreflective article |
| EP4511683A1 (en) | 2022-04-19 | 2025-02-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Retroreflective article |
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| US6096247A (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2000-08-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Embossed optical polymer films |
| EP1033324A1 (en) | 1999-03-03 | 2000-09-06 | Cryovac, Inc. | Method for baking bread in a package and thermoplastic perforated film used therefore |
| DE19912905A1 (de) * | 1999-03-22 | 2000-09-28 | Fleissner Maschf Gmbh Co | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von perforierten Vliesstoffen mittels hydrodynamischer Vernadelung |
| US6635334B1 (en) * | 2000-08-08 | 2003-10-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Cloth-like polymeric films |
| US7037100B2 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2006-05-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Apparatus for flame-perforating films and methods of flame-perforating films |
| US7160095B2 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2007-01-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Apparatus for oxygen enriched flame-perforation of a polymer film |
-
2002
- 2002-10-09 US US10/267,538 patent/US7037100B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-08-19 DE DE60316974T patent/DE60316974T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-19 WO PCT/US2003/026081 patent/WO2004033169A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-08-19 AU AU2003259948A patent/AU2003259948A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-19 EP EP07111320A patent/EP1854599A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-08-19 JP JP2004543248A patent/JP2006502017A/ja active Pending
- 2003-08-19 EP EP03808067A patent/EP1554091B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-19 EP EP07111318A patent/EP1854598A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-08-19 AT AT03808067T patent/ATE375853T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-08-19 EP EP07111315A patent/EP1854597A3/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-01-31 US US11/343,766 patent/US7686996B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-01-31 US US11/344,503 patent/US20060127523A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-31 US US11/343,541 patent/US20060127639A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2010
- 2010-02-09 US US12/702,907 patent/US7980849B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101822209B1 (ko) * | 2009-12-14 | 2018-01-25 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | 미세 천공된 중합체 필름과, 그의 제조 방법 및 사용 방법 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE375853T1 (de) | 2007-11-15 |
| US20100140826A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
| EP1854598A3 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
| EP1854599A3 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
| US7037100B2 (en) | 2006-05-02 |
| EP1554091B1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
| DE60316974T2 (de) | 2008-07-31 |
| US7686996B2 (en) | 2010-03-30 |
| AU2003259948A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
| EP1854598A2 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
| US20040070100A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
| US20060127639A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
| EP1554091A1 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
| US20060127523A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
| US20060125139A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
| US7980849B2 (en) | 2011-07-19 |
| DE60316974D1 (de) | 2007-11-29 |
| EP1854597A2 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
| EP1854597A3 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
| WO2004033169A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
| EP1854599A2 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
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