JP2006223279A - Self-propelled type soil heating and disinfecting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To propose mechanical equipment belonging to physical extermination of bacteria and insect pests damaging crops among various agricultural machines and equipment for heating and disinfecting soil without relying on a chemical and to propose a method for heating and disinfecting the soil using the equipment. <P>SOLUTION: A self-propelled type soil heating and disinfecting machine is equipment prepared by loading a carriage with a rotating drum 1 equipped with fins for raking up soil, a coaxial heating mantle 2 having a semicircular double wall structure and a lifting and lowering mechanism thereof. The self-propelled type soil heating and disinfecting machine rakes in surface soil to a required depth while being self-propelled in a field, heating the soil in a heating chamber to an expected temperature with a high-temperature gas prepared by combustion of kerosene and returning the heated soil onto a ridge is developed so that a response to various service conditions can be made and contribution to protection of global environment is made. Thereby, high-quality vegetables, fruits, flower and ornamental plants, etc., are cultivated in fertile soil. Problems such as deterioration of soil fertility, reduction in yield and residual agrochemicals are caused by replant failure over a long period and administration of chemical fertilizers in a large amount and spraying, etc., of chemicals. Above all, methyl bromide preparations which hitherto have good usability are disabled overall by 2005 according to the Montreal Protocol. As a result, the self-propelled type soil heating and disinfecting machine becomes future useful countermeasures. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a mechanical device belonging to the physical control of bacteria and pests that damage crops among various agricultural machinery and devices, and a method for heating and disinfecting soil using this device.

  Recently, the problem of soil devastation in farmland has been controversial among agricultural officials. Agricultural management after World War II has achieved certain results, mainly as a result of large-scale administration of chemical fertilizers for many years, long-term spraying of herbicides and insecticides, mechanization of agriculture, etc. (1) The topsoil is thin (unusual bacteria / nematodes abnormalities, oxygen deficiency, acidification, etc.), (2) crop yields are declining, and (3) the quality is not as apparent, In addition, social concerns about the residues of pesticides in foods, water quality and other environmental effects are increasing, and solutions without secondary damage are being sought.

To solve the above-mentioned problems, experts and non-experts have made various proposals, and as a drug, spraying and injecting drugs such as methyl bromide has recently become quite popular, but the Montreal Protocol Therefore, it will be completely banned by 2005, so the establishment of a new solution is an urgent need.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-353205 Sho 42-5987 Utility Model Gazette

  As an alternative measure, in addition to the above-mentioned agents, cultivation of opposing plants (marigold, Heiotsu, etc.), topsoil heat treatment (steam disinfection, solar heat soil disinfection, brackish yang heat treatment, hot water soil disinfection) have appeared as effective measures ( The technology to achieve the final solution has not been established yet.

  Dependent on pesticides only for the above-mentioned agriculture-related people, farmer's craving vegetable field, greenhouse (house) soil, orchard, etc. It is important to promote comprehensive control that combines them by developing effective and economical soil heat disinfectors that lead to physical control, based on biological control rather than The perception of this is screaming in the direction of the relationship, and it is to spread the word as soon as possible.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention leads the surface soil to the heating chamber [6] continuously while moving the field, and heat-treats while the rotating drum [1] is half-rotated so that the surface soil is about 20 cm. Among the pests that live up to a certain depth, mainly eliminate some species (such as nematodes) and pathogenic bacteria such as Fusarium. For the above, it is necessary to maintain the temperature of the treated soil at about 60 ° C. for several tens of minutes.

  The main part of this soil heat disinfector is a rotating drum [1] with fins [3], a semi-circular double-walled heating mantle [2], and an operating mechanism. Is not directly touched by hot air or flame but is sterilized in a steaming state in the heating chamber [6], is discharged from the rear discharge port [7], and is returned to the top of the bowl.

  The hot gas from kerosene combustion is led from the combustion gas inlet [4] to the semi-circular double-walled heating mantle [2] and the rotating drum [1] to heat the scraped soil. It is judged that it is safer than the flame direct radiation method applied in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2001-353205 and 42-5987, which may be vitrified, has a short working time, and can be sufficiently countered in terms of cost. Moreover, since there is no NOX / SOX generation in the environment, there is no concern about pollution problems.

  The present invention has a structure shown in another figure, and has the following effects. This has been demonstrated by experimental machines. The fertile soil that farmers demand is a soil where useful microorganisms, fungi, insects, and small animals exist. (It is inconvenient for cultivation if all fungi, insects, seeds, etc. are killed as a result of soil heat disinfection) Conveniently this device is limited to heating the surface soil to a certain depth in the field or greenhouse Therefore, the effect is limited to nematodes and fusarium fungi that need to be controlled, and useful organisms in untreated soil are less affected by heat and suitable for maintaining geopower.

  The fields targeted by this apparatus are mainly greenhouses and vegetable fields. The soil temperature is about 0-15 ° C in winter and about 10-25 ° C in summer, and there are differences depending on the region. By using this device, the soil temperature after heating should be raised to 50-60 ° C. It is possible to maintain the approximate temperature for several tens of minutes after processing.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

  A rotating drum [1] for heating the soil and a heating jacket [2] having a semicircular double wall structure are mounted on a common carriage [14], and self-propelled wheels are attached to the front and rear. The rotating drum [1] rotates at a peripheral speed about 12 times that of the drive shaft while indirectly heating the soil.

  Since kerosene is used as the heat source, and the required calorie of the combustion gas varies depending on the nature of the soil, the adjustment of each soil temperature rise is slowed down during operation, and the amount of soil agitated by the lifting device And increase / decrease adjustment of kerosene injection amount.

  Depending on the cropping crop, the soil depth for heat disinfection is not uniform at 10 cm to 20 cm, but it is possible to quickly cope with a plurality of depths by the vertical movement of the lifting device mounted on this machine.

  The vertical movement of the lifting device is performed by the motor with brake [20] through the operation of the lifting common shaft [21], the worm gear [22], the lifting screw shaft [23], and the slide gear [24].

  After the start of self-running, the soil supplied by the rotating drum outer fin [3] heated by the high-temperature combustion gas is preheated at the stirrer [5], and then passes through the heated heating chamber [6]. The temperature rises to the desired temperature. Incidentally, the heating chamber reaches a high temperature of about 600 ° C. Further, the heat sterilized soil is discharged from the soil discharge port [7] onto the ridge while maintaining a high temperature by the exhaust heat of the heating chamber [6].

  The running speed of the apparatus and the rotating speed of the rotating drum [1] can be adjusted in two stages, high speed and low speed, in the inverter [11] in the power distribution operation panel [17].

  It is a top view of the present invention.   It is a side view of the present invention.   It is sectional drawing of this invention.   It is a heat disinfection mechanism explanatory drawing of this invention.   It is a raising-lowering mechanism figure of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

[1] Rotating drum [2] Semi-circular heating mantle (double wall)
[3] Scraping fin [4] Combustion gas inlet [5] Soil scavenging port [6] Heating chamber [7] Soil outlet [8] Generator [9] Motor for traveling [10] Motor for rotating drum [11] Inverter [12] Sprocket wheel [13] Chain [14] Common carriage [15] Drive wheel [16] Driven wheel [17] Power distribution operation panel [18] Fuel tank [19] Combustor (2 stations)
[20] Motor with brake [21] Lifting common shaft [22] Worm gear [23] Lifting screw shaft [24] Slide gear

Claims (2)

  This device is a "rotary drum [1] with fins for collecting soil on a common carriage [14], a semi-circular double-walled heating jacket [2] with a combustor (two stations) coaxially, and their lifting mechanism. Equipped with an inverter for driving speed control [11], and self-running on the field ".   In the present invention, the gap between the rotating drum [1] and the heating jacket [2] having a coaxial semicircular double wall structure is a soil heating chamber [6]. The soil rotated and rotated in the opposite direction is heated indirectly without direct contact with the soil from the inlet [5] to the heating chamber [6] and to the outlet [7]. The amount of biting soil, disinfection depth, heat disinfection time, and overall work time can be selected according to the user's needs by operating the lifting mechanism and inverter for operating speed control [11], resulting in uneven temperature rise. Instead, the soil that has reached the desired temperature is discharged backwards. Furthermore, it is possible to treat the silicon content in the soil without adverse effects such as vitrification.

Images