JP2004121189A - Self-propelled soil heater - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a soil heater capable of solving the problems of the loss of soil fertility and the lowering of harvest caused by the application of a large amount of chemical fertilizers and agrochemicals over a long period, friendly to the environment free from secondary damage, contributing to the health of consumers and meeting the desire of farmers to culture high-quality vegetables and fruits on a fertile ground and sufficiently supply the crop to the consumer. <P>SOLUTION: The soil heater has a rotary drum and a semicircular heating jacket attached to a common carriage. Surface soil is raked in the apparatus (heating chamber) by traveling on a field, heated to a prescribed temperature by the combustion heat of kerosene or propane gas and returned to the ridge. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a machine / apparatus belonging to the physical control of pests that damage crops among various machines / apparatuses for agriculture.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Recently, the issue of degraded agricultural land has been controversial among farmers. The post-war agricultural management has achieved certain results as a result of long-term administration of chemical fertilizers for many months, long-term application of herbicides and insecticides, mechanization of farming, and so on. Difficult problems such as thinning of topsoil (abnormal occurrence of undesired bacteria and nematodes, lack of oxygen, acidification, etc.), (2) crop yields are gradually decreasing, and (3) quality are not as good as they appear. There has been increasing public interest in food residues, water quality and other environmental effects, and solutions that do not involve secondary damage were being sought. In the past, experts and non-experts have made various proposals, and recently the spraying and injection of chemicals such as methyl bromide has become quite widespread. Establishing a new solution is urgently needed.
[0003]
As alternative measures, cultivation of opposing plants (marigold, hay oats, etc.) and topsoil heating treatment (steam disinfection, solar heat soil disinfection, brine heat treatment, hot water soil disinfection) have emerged as one of the promising measures. However, the technology to achieve the final solution has not been established yet (it seems that the development of improvement and utilization methods is underway with the development subsidy from the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries).
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-mentioned upland farmers are craving for reduced vegetable fields, greenhouse (house) soil, orchards, etc., and for the control of nematodes, fusarium, etc., not biological control but pesticide-only control. Recognizing that it is important to actively introduce physical control, cultivated control, etc., and to promote comprehensive control by combining them, it has been shouted in the relevant area that In particular, to develop an effective and economical soil heater that leads to physical control and to quickly spread it to consumers.
[0005]
Particularly, the voice from the area we contact is particularly high is the control of the pests that inhabit the soil surface to a depth of about 20 cm, for which the temperature of the treated soil is maintained at about 60 ° C. for several minutes. There is a need.
[0006]
Means for Solving the Invention
According to the present invention, the surface soil is continuously guided into the heating chamber [6] while moving in the field to achieve the above object, and heat-treated while the drum [1] rotates a half turn to inhabit the surface soil. It is intended to kill some of the pests (e.g., nematodes) and help maintain the fertility.
[0007]
The main part of this soil heater is a rotating drum [1] with fins [3], a semi-circular heating jacket [2], and the surface soil scraped from the front in the traveling direction by the driving mechanism is directly exposed to hot air or flame. Instead, it is so-called steamed state in the heating chamber [6], discharged from the rear, and returned to the ridge.
[0008]
High-temperature gas from kerosene or propane gas combustion is guided from the combustion gas inlet [4] to the semicircular heating jacket [2] and the rotating drum [1], and the soil collected is heated from above and below. It is judged that we can compete enough. Also, since there is no NOX / SOX emission to the environment, there is no concern about pollution problems.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
A rotary drum [1] for heating the soil and a semicircular heating jacket [2] are mounted on a common trolley [14], and steel wheels for self-propelling are attached to the front and rear.
[0010]
The wheels are a drive wheel [15] (2) and a driven wheel [16] (2) with a number of anti-slip projections all around the outside to prevent idling, advance in the field, and control the surface layer. Smooth scraping.
[0011]
In addition, a generator [8], a speed reducer [11] and the like are mounted on the bogie.
[0012]
The heat source uses kerosene or propane gas, and the tank [18] to the gas cylinder [18] are mounted on a truck [14].
[0013]
Two combustion gas inlets [4] are provided at the top of the semicircular heating jacket [2] and one at the shaft of the rotary drum [1], and a gas burner is attached.
[0014]
The semicircular heating mantle [2] and the rotating drum [1] are coaxial, and the drum [1] is provided with a large number of fins [3] in the outer peripheral axis direction. Assists bite and heat transfer.
[0015]
The space between the semicircular heating jacket [2] and the outer surface of the rotary drum [1] is a heating chamber [6], and the drum [1] rotates at a peripheral speed of 12.5 times the drive shaft while holding the soil.
[0016]
In order to change the direction during traveling, the structure of the common vehicle [14] rear wheels is of a type that can change direction.
[0017]
A chain cover is applied to the chain [13] of the driving device-related exposed portion.
[0018]
The semicircular heating jacket [2] and the rotating drum [1] are heated to a high temperature of about 600 ° C. by heating, so that a heat insulating device is applied to the entire surface of the exposed semicircular heating jacket [2] to prevent burns.
[0019]
This device is self-propelled and generates electric power by a motor mounted on a common truck [14], and supplies power to a traveling motor [9] and a rotating drum motor [10].
[0020]
The generator [8] transmits power to the drive shaft and the rotary drum [1] via the reduction gear [11], the clutch and the chain [13], and rotates them.
[0021]
After the start of self-propelling, the soil supplied by the outer fins [3] of the rotating drum heated by the high-temperature combustion gas is preheated at the opening [4] and then passes through the heated heating chamber [6]. Rise to the temperature of the season.
[0022]
The traveling speed of the apparatus and the rotation speed of the drum [1] can be adjusted in two stages of high speed and low speed by a switching device in the power distribution operation panel [17].
[0023]
The combustion gas {circle around (1)} enters the semicircular heating jacket [2], and after heating the jacket, is discharged to the lower rear portion of the heating chamber [6]. The combustion gas (2) enters the inside of the rotating drum [1] from the bearing portion, and heats the rotating drum [1].
[0024]
Since the required amount of heat (calories) of the combustion gas varies depending on the nature of the soil, the intensity is manually adjusted with the control valve of each burner.
[0025]
The heat-treated soil is discharged to the rear of the machine while maintaining a high temperature by the exhaust heat of the heating chamber [6].
[0026]
Adjustment of the soil temperature rise is carried out by adjusting the traveling speed of the apparatus and increasing or decreasing the injection amount (calories) of kerosene / propane gas.
[0027]
The fields targeted by this apparatus are mainly greenhouses (houses) and vegetable fields.
[0028]
If there is a large soil mass in the surface soil at the time of operation, it is necessary to finely pulverize the soil with a cultivator in advance, and if necessary, temporarily stop the operation and reverse the device to remove foreign substances.
[0029]
The soil temperature varies from about 0 to 15 ° C in winter and about 10 to 25 ° C in summer, depending on the region. By using this device, the soil temperature after heating can be raised to 50 to 60 ° C. It is possible to maintain the approximate temperature for several tens minutes after the treatment.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention has the above structure, and has the following effects. This has been demonstrated by experimental machines.
[0031]
Since the soil to be treated reaches about 20 cm from the surface and the peripheral speed of the rotating drum is 12.5 times the running speed, the amount of scraping in operation corresponds to the amount of heat treatment.
[0032]
Fertile soil that farmers seek is soil in which useful microorganisms, fungi, insects, and small animals are present. (If all the fungi, insects, seeds, etc. are killed as a result of soil heating, cultivation is inconvenient.)
Conveniently, this device is limited to heating the surface soil to a certain depth in the field or greenhouse, so the effect is limited to nematodes, fusarium, etc. that need to be controlled, and The useful creatures are not affected by heat and are suitable for maintaining the fertility.
[0033]
Since this treatment does not use any chemicals and puts the soil into a so-called steamed state in a heating chamber, according to several experiments, for example, about 50% of nematodes, fusarium, etc. are killed, and secondary damage may occur. Not.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
[1] Rotary drum [2] Semi-circular heating jacket [3] Scrap fin [4] Combustion gas inlet [5] Soil scraping port [6] Heating chamber [7] Discharge port [8] Generator [9] For traveling Motor [10] Motor for rotating drum [11] Reduction gear [12] Sprocket wheel [13] Chain [14] Common bogie [15] Drive wheel [16] Driven wheel [17] Power distribution operation panel [18] Kerosene or propane gas tank

Claims (6)

The present device is a "device which mounts a rotating drum [1] for heating soil and a heating jacket [2] on a common cart [14] and runs on a field by itself". A rotary drum [1] and a coaxial semicircular heating jacket [2] are provided on a carriage, and the inside of both is heated by kerosene or propane gas. A fin [3] for scraping soil is provided on a circumferentially outer side of the rotary drum [1]. The gap between the rotary drum [1] and the semicircular heating jacket [2] is a soil heating chamber [6]. The driving device rotates the rotating drum [1] in the direction opposite to the traveling direction, and is drawn into the heating chamber [6], and the soil moving backward is raised to a required temperature. The soil scraped by the traveling is heated at three points: a scraping port [5], a heating chamber [6], and a discharging port [7].

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