CN109348763B - A kind of high temperature soil disinfection machine - Google Patents
A kind of high temperature soil disinfection machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN109348763B CN109348763B CN201811416193.3A CN201811416193A CN109348763B CN 109348763 B CN109348763 B CN 109348763B CN 201811416193 A CN201811416193 A CN 201811416193A CN 109348763 B CN109348763 B CN 109348763B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/027—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind with a rotating, soil working support element, e.g. a roller
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种高温土壤消毒机，属于农业机械技术领域。该消毒机包括土壤切削装置和燃烧装置；所述土壤切削装置包含前后布置的旋耕机构和碎土机构，所述燃烧装置由燃气罐供气的燃烧器构成；在使用时，所述旋耕机构将土壤团粒向上送出，所述碎土机构将旋耕机构扬出的土壤团粒进行切削，所述燃烧器的火焰喷射口朝向旋耕机构扬出的土壤团粒。该消毒机能够瞬间高温燃烧火焰杀菌杀虫，清除有病虫害、杂草和有机农药等，提高土壤消毒效果。
The invention relates to a high-temperature soil disinfection machine, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The sterilizer includes a soil cutting device and a combustion device; the soil cutting device includes a rotary tiller and a broken soil mechanism arranged in front and back, and the burner is composed of a burner supplied by a gas tank; when in use, the rotary tiller The mechanism sends the soil aggregates upwards, the soil crushing mechanism cuts the soil aggregates raised by the rotary tillage mechanism, and the flame injection port of the burner faces the soil aggregates raised by the rotary tillage mechanism. The disinfection machine can instantaneously burn flames at high temperature to sterilize and kill insects, remove pests, weeds and organic pesticides, etc., and improve the effect of soil disinfection.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种高温土壤消毒机，属于农业机械技术领域。The invention relates to a high-temperature soil disinfection machine, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
背景技术Background technique
土壤中病原微生物的积累会引起连作障碍的发生，导致作物产量和品质下降，在作物栽培过程中广泛存在。土传病害是一类危害性极大的植物病害，常常造成植株成片死亡。引起土传病害的病原生物种类很多，包括真菌、细菌、线虫、病毒等，其中以真菌为主。如何进行土壤消毒、克服连作障碍是一项亟待解决的世界性难题，目前预防措施技术主要有农艺措施、化学方法、物理方法、生物技术和综合防治等技术方法。物理方法通常利用中高温度杀灭病原生物，主要有蒸汽消毒、火焰消毒、电消毒、微波消毒等方式，火焰消毒是利用火焰高温使生物体内的蛋白质发生不可逆的变性，从而达到杀死细胞和机体的目的。但目前的土壤高温火焰消毒机在作业时，土壤团粒在高温区停留时间较短，且消毒仓通风较差，火焰燃烧不充分，降低了燃气利用率。The accumulation of pathogenic microorganisms in the soil will cause the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles, resulting in the decline of crop yield and quality, which widely exist in the process of crop cultivation. Soil-borne diseases are a class of extremely harmful plant diseases, often causing the death of plants in patches. There are many types of pathogenic organisms that cause soil-borne diseases, including fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, etc., among which fungi are the main ones. How to carry out soil disinfection and overcome continuous cropping obstacles is a worldwide problem that needs to be solved urgently. At present, preventive measures mainly include agronomic measures, chemical methods, physical methods, biotechnology and comprehensive control and other technical methods. Physical methods usually use medium and high temperatures to kill pathogenic organisms, mainly including steam disinfection, flame disinfection, electric disinfection, microwave disinfection, etc. Flame disinfection uses high flame temperature to cause irreversible denaturation of proteins in organisms, thereby killing cells and organisms the goal of. However, when the current soil high-temperature flame sterilizer is in operation, the soil aggregates stay in the high-temperature zone for a short time, and the disinfection chamber is poorly ventilated, and the flame is not fully burned, which reduces the gas utilization rate.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决技术问题是：提供一种可消毒效果好的土壤高温火焰消毒机。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a soil high-temperature flame sterilizer with good sterilizing effect.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的技术方案是：一种高温土壤消毒机，包括燃烧仓、燃烧装置、由发动机驱动并位于燃烧仓的土壤切削装置以及用于向燃烧仓提供空气的鼓风装置，所述燃烧仓的仓体上表面设有排风口；所述土壤切削装置包含前后布置的旋耕机构和碎土机构，所述燃烧装置由燃气罐供气的燃烧器构成；在使用时，所述旋耕机构将土壤团粒向上送出，所述碎土机构将旋耕机构扬出的土壤团粒进行切削，所述燃烧器的火焰喷射口朝向旋耕机构扬出的土壤团粒。In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is: a high-temperature soil disinfection machine, including a combustion chamber, a combustion device, a soil cutting device driven by an engine and located in the combustion chamber, and a blower for supplying air to the combustion chamber device, the upper surface of the chamber body of the combustion bin is provided with an air outlet; the soil cutting device includes a rotary tillage mechanism and a soil crushing mechanism arranged front and rear, and the combustion device is composed of a burner supplied by a gas tank; At this time, the rotary tillage mechanism sends the soil aggregates upwards, the soil crushing mechanism cuts the soil aggregates raised by the rotary tillage mechanism, and the flame injection port of the burner faces the soil aggregates raised by the rotary tillage mechanism.
本发明中首先通过旋耕机构反转将土壤团粒向上送出，通过双轴反转实现土壤团粒在旋耕机构和碎土机构来回多次碰撞来延长停留时间，即延长土壤颗粒在消毒高温区的停留时间，增加火焰和土壤接触时间，增强土壤杀菌消毒效果，同时碎土机构正转将旋耕机构扬出的土壤进行切削，进一步降低土壤颗粒尺寸，并通过燃烧器向土壤团粒喷射火焰加热空气并灼烧土壤团粒进行消毒，瞬间高温燃烧火焰杀菌杀虫，能够清除有病虫害、杂草和有机农药等，提高了土壤消毒效果。另外，燃烧仓可以形成一个相对封闭的消毒空间，提高燃烧仓内的空气温度，进一步提高消毒效果。优选的，燃烧器至少设有两个。In the present invention, firstly, the soil aggregates are sent upwards through the rotation of the rotary tillage mechanism, and the soil aggregates are repeatedly collided with the rotary tillage mechanism and the soil crushing mechanism through the biaxial rotation to prolong the residence time, that is, to prolong the life of the soil particles in the disinfection high temperature zone. The residence time increases the contact time between the flame and the soil, and enhances the soil sterilization and disinfection effect. At the same time, the soil crushing mechanism rotates forward to cut the soil raised by the rotary tillage mechanism, further reducing the size of soil particles, and sprays flames to the soil aggregates through the burner to heat the air. The soil aggregates are burned for disinfection, and the instant high-temperature combustion flame sterilizes and kills insects, which can remove pests, weeds and organic pesticides, etc., and improves the soil disinfection effect. In addition, the combustion chamber can form a relatively closed disinfection space, increase the air temperature in the combustion chamber, and further improve the disinfection effect. Preferably, there are at least two burners.
本发明在使用时，为了得到均质的紊流高热气流场，所述排风口的风速依据行走速度变化。优选的，所述排风口的位置和孔径为预设值，该预设值通过CFD方法对燃烧仓内气流、热流场进行模拟计算使燃烧仓内形成均质的紊流高热气流场而得到，优化后的燃烧仓空间流场可以在保温和提供更好的氧气供应之间找到平衡点。When the present invention is in use, in order to obtain a homogeneous turbulent high-thermal airflow field, the wind speed of the air outlet varies according to the walking speed. Preferably, the position and aperture of the air exhaust port are preset values, and the preset value simulates and calculates the airflow and heat flow field in the combustion chamber through the CFD method to form a homogeneous turbulent high-heat flow field in the combustion chamber It is obtained that the optimized combustion chamber space flow field can find a balance point between heat preservation and better oxygen supply.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
图1是本发明实施例的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记：1旋耕机构，2变速箱，3水循环加热装置，4燃气罐，5气管，6鼓风装置，7燃烧器，8燃烧仓，9排风口，10碎土机构。Reference signs: 1 rotary tillage mechanism, 2 gearbox, 3 water circulation heating device, 4 gas tank, 5 air pipe, 6 air blowing device, 7 burner, 8 combustion chamber, 9 air outlet, 10 soil crushing mechanism.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例一Embodiment one
本实施例的高温土壤消毒机，采用普通三点悬挂与动力机械链接，装备紧凑、重量适中，与小型拖拉机匹配，可在温室大棚作业。The high-temperature soil disinfection machine of this embodiment adopts ordinary three-point suspension and power machinery linkage, and is compact in equipment and moderate in weight. It is matched with a small tractor and can be operated in a greenhouse.
如图1所示，消毒机包括燃烧仓8、燃烧装置、由发动机（图中未示出）驱动并位于燃烧仓8的土壤切削装置以及用于向燃烧仓提供空气的鼓风装置6。As shown in FIG. 1 , the disinfection machine includes a combustion chamber 8 , a combustion device, a soil cutting device driven by an engine (not shown in the figure) and located in the combustion chamber 8 , and an air blast device 6 for supplying air to the combustion chamber.
所述土壤切削装置包含前后布置的旋耕机构1和碎土机构10，所述燃烧装置由燃气罐4供气的燃烧器7构成，燃气罐4与燃烧器7通过气管5连接，所述燃气罐4和气管5用于向燃烧器7提供可燃能源。The soil cutting device includes a rotary tillage mechanism 1 and a soil crushing mechanism 10 arranged front and back, and the combustion device is composed of a burner 7 supplied by a gas tank 4, and the gas tank 4 and the burner 7 are connected through a gas pipe 5. Tank 4 and gas pipe 5 are used to supply combustible energy to burner 7 .
所述旋耕机构1和碎土机构10置于燃烧仓8内。燃烧仓8形成一个相对封闭的消毒空间，可以提高燃烧仓8内的空气温度，进一步提高消毒效果。通常一个燃烧仓8可设有多个燃烧器7，燃烧仓8的设计有助于燃烧充分、节省能源。The rotary tiller mechanism 1 and the soil breaking mechanism 10 are placed in the combustion bin 8 . The combustion chamber 8 forms a relatively closed disinfection space, which can increase the air temperature in the combustion chamber 8 and further improve the disinfection effect. Usually one combustion bin 8 can be provided with a plurality of burners 7, and the design of the combustion bin 8 helps to burn fully and save energy.
鼓风装置6用于向燃烧仓8提供空气的，所述燃烧仓8的仓体上表面设有排风口9。鼓风装置6由变速箱2驱动，其风扇转速依据消毒机的行走速度变化，向燃烧仓内提供氧气，鼓风装置6和排风口9之间形成排风烟道。排风烟道可形成高热湍流空气流场，穿过土壤薄层，增加火焰和土壤接触时间，增强土壤杀菌消毒效果。在使用时，所述旋耕机构1将土壤团粒向上送出，延长土壤颗粒在消毒高温区的停留时间，增加火焰和土壤接触时间，所述碎土机构10将旋耕机构1扬出的土壤团粒进行切削，可以减小土壤颗粒尺寸，所述燃烧器7的火焰喷射口朝向旋耕机构扬出的土壤团粒，从而加热空气并灼烧土壤团粒进行消毒。The blower device 6 is used to supply air to the combustion chamber 8 , and the upper surface of the chamber body of the combustion chamber 8 is provided with an air outlet 9 . Blowing device 6 is driven by gearbox 2, and its fan speed changes according to the walking speed of sterilizer to provide oxygen in the combustion chamber, and an exhaust flue is formed between blowing device 6 and air outlet 9. The exhaust flue can form a high-heat turbulent air flow field, which passes through the thin soil layer, increases the contact time between the flame and the soil, and enhances the soil sterilization and disinfection effect. When in use, the rotary tillage mechanism 1 sends the soil aggregates upwards, prolongs the residence time of the soil particles in the disinfection high temperature zone, increases the contact time between the flame and the soil, and the soil crushing mechanism 10 lifts the soil aggregates released by the rotary tillage mechanism 1 Cutting can reduce the size of the soil particles, and the flame injection port of the burner 7 faces the soil aggregates raised by the rotary tiller, thereby heating the air and burning the soil aggregates for disinfection.
本实施例的高温土壤消毒机主要有两个部分：旋土部分和加热部分，即将旋耕和消毒结合起来，进行一体化作业。前面的旋土部分通过旋耕提取一定深度的土壤，并以薄层的方式抛向后方加热部分，进行瞬间高温燃烧火焰杀菌杀虫，清除有病虫害、杂草和有机农药。The high-temperature soil disinfection machine in this embodiment mainly has two parts: the soil rotary part and the heating part, which combine rotary tillage and disinfection for integrated operation. The front rotary soil part extracts a certain depth of soil through rotary tillage, and throws it to the rear heating part in a thin layer, and performs instant high-temperature combustion flame sterilization and insecticide, and removes diseases and insect pests, weeds and organic pesticides.
本实施例还可以作以下改进：所述排风口9的位置、孔径以及鼓风装置6的位置、通风口尺寸均为预设值，该预设值通过CFD方法对燃烧仓8内气流、热流场进行模拟计算使燃烧仓8内形成均质的紊流高热气流场而得到，其中对燃烧仓8内气流、热流场进行模拟计算使燃烧仓8内形成均质的紊流高热气流场为现有技术，不再赘述。The present embodiment can also be improved as follows: the position of the air outlet 9, the aperture, the position of the air blower 6, and the size of the vent are all preset values, and the preset values are used for the airflow in the combustion chamber 8 by the CFD method. The thermal flow field is simulated and calculated to form a homogeneous turbulent high heat flow field in the combustion chamber 8. The hot air flow field is a prior art and will not be repeated here.
本发明不局限于上述实施例所述的具体技术方案，除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其他实施方式。对于本领域的技术人员来说，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等形成的技术方案，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The present invention is not limited to the specific technical solutions described in the above embodiments. Besides the above embodiments, the present invention can also have other implementation modes. For those skilled in the art, within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any technical solutions formed by any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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