JP2006131698A - エステル結合含有高分子の分解または溶解用の処理液、該処理液を用いた処理方法、複合材料の分離方法 - Google Patents
エステル結合含有高分子の分解または溶解用の処理液、該処理液を用いた処理方法、複合材料の分離方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Landscapes
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】 セシウム/またはルビジウムの酢酸塩、及び重炭酸塩の1種以上とアルコール系溶媒とを含むエステル結合含有高分子の分解または溶解用の処理液。
【選択図】 なし
Description
さらに、水酸化ナトリウム等のアルカリを用いる場合には、比較的低温で処理が可能であるが、生成物のカルボン酸塩からカルボン酸を回収する際に、不要な副生成物である酸と金属の塩が生成し、それが廃棄物となる可能性が高い。
しかし、これらはどれもエポキシ樹脂硬化物の好ましい処理方法ではない。
また、本発明は、(7)分解または溶解を大気圧下で行うことを特徴とする前記(5)または(6)に記載のエステル結合含有高分子の処理方法に関する。
さらに、以下に示すような充填材を混合して成形してもよい。充填材としては、金属及び金属の酸化物、水酸化物、ハロゲン化物、窒化物、天然有機物、人工有機物などがある。例えば、ホウ素、アルミニウム、鉄、ケイ素、チタン、クロム、コバルト、ニッケル、亜鉛、パラジウム、銀、スズ、タングステン、白金、金、鉛、アルミナ、ジルコニア、チタニア、マグネシア、炭化ケイ素、窒化ケイ素、窒化ホウ素、マイカ、シリカ、粘土、ガラス、炭素、炭酸カルシウム、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウム、ケイ酸カルシウム、木材、プラスチック片、熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂硬化物などがあり、これらの材料の各成分を融合したものでもよく、混合したものでもよい。これらのなかでも、無機材料が好ましく、炭素またはガラスが特に好ましい。また、充填材の形状としては、粉末、繊維、ビーズ、箔、フィルム、線、回路などがある。繊維はマット状にしたものでもよく、布のように織られたものでもよい。これらのなかでも、繊維または粉末が好ましい。繊維状無機材料または粉末状無機材料がより好ましく、繊維状無機無機材料、特に炭素繊維またはガラス繊維がさらに好ましい。これらの充填材が不飽和ポリエステル樹脂硬化物中に含まれている比率は任意であるが、一般的には5〜90wt%の範囲にある。
硬化剤の配合量は、エポキシ基の硬化反応を進行させることができれば、特に限定することなく使用できるが、好ましくは、エポキシ基1モルに対して、0.01〜5.0当量の範囲で使用する。
[不飽和ポリエステル樹脂の溶解実験]
実施例1〜5、比較例1〜4
不飽和ポリエステル樹脂は、樹脂原料として無水フタル酸3.5g、イソフタル酸3.9g、無水マレイン酸18.4g、プロピレングリコール8.0g、エチレングリコール6.6gを混合して、200℃で10時間反応させて得られた不飽和ポリエステルに、さらにスチレン60gを混合した組成物100gに対して、10mmに切断したガラス繊維(繊維径12μm)50gを混合し、たて100mm×よこ100mm×深さ3mmのテフロン(登録商標)製の型に入れ、120℃/0.5時間+170℃/1時間の条件で加熱硬化させた試料(ガラス繊維(充填剤)含有不飽和ポリエステル樹脂複合材料)を用いた。この試料を10mm×30mm×3mmに切断し、試験片とした。
実施例1〜5に示されるように、セシウムまたはルビジウムの、炭酸塩または重炭酸塩とアルコール系溶媒を含む処理液を使用した場合の溶解率は24.4%〜52.4%と著しく高かった。これに対し、比較例1〜3に示されるように、ナトリウムまたはカリウムの、炭酸塩または重炭酸塩とアルコール系溶媒を含む処理液を使用した場合の溶解率は2.8%以下、比較例4に示すようにセシウムの炭酸塩とN−メチルピロリドンを含む処理液を使用した場合の溶解率は1.2%であり、実施例より一桁低かった。
実施例6〜13、比較例5〜9
飽和ポリエステル樹脂として、市販されているポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET100%)の0.35mm厚の板を、10mm×30mmに切断して試験片とした。
実施例6〜13に示されるように、セシウムまたはルビジウムの、炭酸塩または重炭酸塩とアルコール系溶媒を含む処理液を使用した場合の溶解率は12.2%〜32.9%と著しく高かった。これに対して、比較例5〜8に示されるように、ナトリウムまたはカリウムの、炭酸塩または重炭酸塩とアルコール系溶媒を含む処理液を使用した場合の溶解率は2.8%以下、比較例9に示すようにセシウムの炭酸塩とN−メチルピロリドンを含む処理液を使用した場合の溶解率は0.2%であり、実施例より一桁低かった。
実施例14〜20、比較例10〜14
ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(エポキシ当量180)100g、メチルヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸100g、2−メチルイミダゾール1gを混合した後、10mmに切断した炭素繊維(繊維径10μm)100gを加え、さらに混合した。これを、たて100mm×よこ100mm×深さ3mmのテフロン(登録商標)製の型に入れ、室温で1時間放置した後、100℃/1時間+125℃/1時間+150℃/1時間+175℃/1時間+200℃/1時間の条件で加熱して、炭素繊維(充填剤)含有酸無水物硬化エポキシ樹脂複合材料を得た。ここから30mm×10mm×3mmを切り出し、試験片とした。
表3に示すアルコール系溶媒10gとセシウムまたはルビジウムの塩0.01molを用いて処理液を調整し、処理に際しての温度を150℃とすること以外は、実施例14〜20と同様に操作を行い、エポキシ樹脂硬化物の溶解率を算出し、表3に示した。
Claims (17)
- セシウム及び/またはルビジウムの酢酸塩、炭酸塩及び重炭酸塩の1種以上と、アルコール系溶媒とを含むエステル結合含有高分子の分解または溶解用の処理液。
- エステル結合含有高分子が不飽和ポリエステル樹脂若しくはその硬化物、飽和ポリエステル樹脂、または、エポキシ樹脂若しくはその硬化物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の処理液。
- アルコール系溶媒が沸点150℃以上のアルコール系溶媒であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の処理液。
- アルコール系溶媒がメタノール、エタノール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ベンジルアルコールであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の処理液。
- エステル結合含有高分子を請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の処理液を用いて分解または溶解することを特徴とするエステル結合含有高分子の処理方法。
- 分解または溶解を250℃以下で行うことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のエステル結合含有高分子の処理方法。
- 分解または溶解を大気圧下で行うことを特徴とする請求項5または6に記載のエステル結合含有高分子の処理方法。
- エステル結合含有高分子が1平方センチメートル以上6平方メートル以下の表面積を有する破砕片であることを特徴とする請求項5〜7のいずれか一項に記載のエステル結合含有高分子の処理方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の処理液で処理して得たエステル結合含有高分子の分解生成物または溶解生成物を再利用することを特徴とする請求項5〜8のいずれか一項に記載のエステル結合含有高分子の処理方法。
- 充填材及びエステル結合含有高分子を含有する複合材料を、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の処理液を用いて処理し、エステル結合含有高分子を分解または溶解することによって、複合材料を充填材とエステル結合含有高分子の分解生成物または溶解生成物とに分離することを特徴とする複合材料の分離方法。
- 充填材が無機材料であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の複合材料の分離方法。
- 充填材が繊維状無機材料であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の複合材料の分離方法。
- 充填材がガラス繊維または炭素繊維であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の複合材料の分離方法。
- 分解または溶解を250℃以下で行うことを特徴とする請求項10〜13のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料の分離方法。
- 分解または溶解を大気圧下で行うことを特徴とする請求項10〜14のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料の分離方法。
- 複合材料が1平方センチメートル以上6平方メートル以下の表面積を有する破砕片であることを特徴とする請求項10〜15のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料の分離方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の処理液で複合材料を処理して得たエステル結合含有高分子の分解生成物または溶解生成物を再利用することを特徴とする請求項10〜16のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料の分離方法。
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JP2013082850A (ja) * | 2011-10-12 | 2013-05-09 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | 複合体の溶解処理装置、及び、複合体の溶解処理方法 |
JP2013091694A (ja) * | 2011-10-25 | 2013-05-16 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | 複合体の溶解処理装置、及び、複合体の溶解処理方法 |
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JP2009228003A (ja) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-10-08 | Nagoya City Univ | エポキシ樹脂組成物、それを用いて形成した建築用材および身飾品 |
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JP2013091694A (ja) * | 2011-10-25 | 2013-05-16 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | 複合体の溶解処理装置、及び、複合体の溶解処理方法 |
JP7252585B1 (ja) | 2022-04-20 | 2023-04-05 | 株式会社シンテック | ビス-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)テレフタレートの製造方法および再生ポリエチレンテレフタレートの製造方法 |
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