JP2005281852A5 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JP2005281852A5 JP2005281852A5 JP2004263837A JP2004263837A JP2005281852A5 JP 2005281852 A5 JP2005281852 A5 JP 2005281852A5 JP 2004263837 A JP2004263837 A JP 2004263837A JP 2004263837 A JP2004263837 A JP 2004263837A JP 2005281852 A5 JP2005281852 A5 JP 2005281852A5
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum member
- protective film
- trivalent chromium
- group
- ions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 64
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 64
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 45
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 43
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 41
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 41
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims 41
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 32
- -1 nitrate ions Chemical class 0.000 claims 25
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 16
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims 13
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 12
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 12
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 12
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 10
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 10
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 10
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 10
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims 9
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 6
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- AFCIMSXHQSIHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[P] Chemical compound [O].[P] AFCIMSXHQSIHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical class O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000113 methacrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 1
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004263837A JP4628726B2 (ja) | 2004-03-02 | 2004-09-10 | アルミニウム部材及びその製造方法と製造用薬剤 |
| US11/065,073 US20050194574A1 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2005-02-24 | Aluminum elements and processes for the preparation of the same and chemical agents therefor |
| EP05251297A EP1571238A1 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2005-03-02 | Aluminium elements, processes and compositions for producing aluminium surface free- chromium (VI) chromate coatings |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004057335 | 2004-03-02 | ||
| JP2004263837A JP4628726B2 (ja) | 2004-03-02 | 2004-09-10 | アルミニウム部材及びその製造方法と製造用薬剤 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2005281852A JP2005281852A (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
| JP2005281852A5 true JP2005281852A5 (enExample) | 2007-10-25 |
| JP4628726B2 JP4628726B2 (ja) | 2011-02-09 |
Family
ID=34752192
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004263837A Expired - Fee Related JP4628726B2 (ja) | 2004-03-02 | 2004-09-10 | アルミニウム部材及びその製造方法と製造用薬剤 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050194574A1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1571238A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4628726B2 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100663624B1 (ko) * | 2004-04-29 | 2007-01-02 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | 액정표시장치 제조방법 |
| US7704936B2 (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2010-04-27 | Kobe Steel Ltd. | Methods and removers for removing anodized films |
| JPWO2007080849A1 (ja) * | 2006-01-10 | 2009-06-11 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | アルミニウム材表面の化成処理方法及びアルミニウム材 |
| EP1984536B1 (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2012-03-28 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Composition and processes of a dry-in-place trivalent chromium corrosion-resistant coating for use on metal surfaces |
| JP5213308B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-08 | 2013-06-19 | 日本ペイント株式会社 | 金属用表面処理剤 |
| US20070243397A1 (en) * | 2006-04-17 | 2007-10-18 | Ludwig Robert J | Chromium(VI)-free, aqueous acidic chromium(III) conversion solutions |
| WO2007134152A1 (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2007-11-22 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa. | Improved trivalent chromium-containing composition for use in corrosion resistant coating on metal surfaces |
| US7989078B2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2011-08-02 | United Technologies Coporation | Halogen-free trivalent chromium conversion coating |
| JP5152553B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-27 | 2013-02-27 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | アルミダイカスト製車両用灯具部品の防錆処理方法、及び、アルミダイカスト製車両用灯具部品 |
| DE102009045569A1 (de) * | 2009-10-12 | 2011-04-14 | Dr.-Ing. Max Schlötter GmbH & Co KG | Schwarzpassivierung von Zink- und Zinkeisenschichten |
| CN102947486B (zh) * | 2010-05-26 | 2016-03-23 | 安美特德国有限公司 | 在金属表面制备防腐层的方法 |
| CN102174694B (zh) * | 2011-03-22 | 2012-09-05 | 广西民族大学 | 铝合金三价铬复合转化膜的制备方法及其成膜液 |
| US20140017409A1 (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2014-01-16 | Mahindra & Mahindra Limited | Corrosion resistance passivation formulation and process of preparation thereof |
| US20130040164A1 (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2013-02-14 | United Technologies Corporation | Trivalent Chromium Conversion Coating Pre-Coating Treatment |
| JP6101921B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-22 | 2017-03-29 | 日本表面化学株式会社 | 塗装用前処理液及び塗装方法 |
| KR101433666B1 (ko) * | 2012-02-07 | 2014-08-25 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전지케이스 상의 미코팅 구간을 포함하는 전지셀의 제조방법 |
| US10156016B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-12-18 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Trivalent chromium-containing composition for aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| CA2907088C (en) * | 2013-03-16 | 2017-12-05 | Prc-Desoto International, Inc. | Metal complexing agents as corrosion inhibitors |
| GB201407690D0 (en) * | 2014-05-01 | 2014-06-18 | Henkel Ag & Co Kgaa | Non chromate coloured conversion coating for aluminum |
| CN104988480A (zh) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-10-21 | 周彩球 | 一种黑色钝化剂 |
| US9915006B2 (en) | 2015-07-10 | 2018-03-13 | Yuken Industry Co., Ltd. | Reactive-type chemical conversion treatment composition and production method of member with chemical conversion coated surface |
| EP3305943A1 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2018-04-11 | Coventya SAS | Aqueous solution and method for improving corrosion resistance of a cr(iii) conversion coating and modified cr(iii) conversion coating |
| EP4621017A3 (en) * | 2017-02-01 | 2025-11-05 | Chemeon Surface Technology, LLC | Dyed trivalent chromium conversion coatings and methods of using same |
| US12486579B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2025-12-02 | Prc-Desoto International, Inc. | Systems and methods for treating a metal substrate |
| CN115786897B (zh) * | 2018-03-29 | 2025-07-29 | 日本帕卡濑精株式会社 | 表面处理剂、以及具有表面处理皮膜的铝或铝合金材料及其制造方法 |
| CN113747690B (zh) * | 2020-05-27 | 2023-08-18 | 维达力科技股份有限公司 | 壳体结构、制备方法及电子产品 |
| CN111809173B (zh) * | 2020-07-28 | 2021-05-11 | 东风商用车有限公司 | 金属连接件的表面处理方法及铁盐系三价铬黑色钝化液 |
| EP4190941A4 (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2024-01-03 | Dipsol Chemicals Co., Ltd. | CHEMICAL CONVERSION TREATMENT LIQUID, CHEMICAL CONVERSION TREATMENT METHOD THEREOF AND CHEMICAL CONVERSION COATING |
| EP4108805B1 (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2024-04-24 | Yuken Industry Co., Ltd. | Chemical conversion treatment liquid, and method for manufacturing member in which chemical conversion film is provided on surface |
| WO2022209019A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-06 | ユケン工業株式会社 | 化成処理液および化成皮膜をその表面に備える部材の製造方法 |
| JP7340900B1 (ja) | 2023-06-01 | 2023-09-08 | ユケン工業株式会社 | 3価クロム黒色化成処理用組成物および化成被膜を備える部材の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3392008B2 (ja) * | 1996-10-30 | 2003-03-31 | 日本表面化学株式会社 | 金属の保護皮膜形成処理剤と処理方法 |
| US3066055A (en) * | 1958-11-10 | 1962-11-27 | Purex Corp Ltd | Process and composition for producing aluminum surface conversion coatings |
| WO1981002311A1 (en) * | 1980-02-06 | 1981-08-20 | Bnf Metals Tech Centre | Method of producing conversion coatings |
| CA1228000A (en) * | 1981-04-16 | 1987-10-13 | David E. Crotty | Chromium appearance passivate solution and process |
| US4497667A (en) * | 1983-07-11 | 1985-02-05 | Amchem Products, Inc. | Pretreatment compositions for metals |
| US4578122A (en) * | 1984-11-14 | 1986-03-25 | Omi International Corporation | Non-peroxide trivalent chromium passivate composition and process |
| DE3631667A1 (de) * | 1986-09-18 | 1988-03-24 | Collardin Gmbh Gerhard | Schichtbildende passivierung bei multimetall-verfahren |
| EP0310103A1 (en) * | 1987-10-01 | 1989-04-05 | HENKEL CORPORATION (a Delaware corp.) | Pretreatment process for aluminium |
| JPH04268078A (ja) * | 1991-02-19 | 1992-09-24 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd | 自動車ボディ用Al系板の塗装前処理方法 |
| JPH04268077A (ja) * | 1991-02-19 | 1992-09-24 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd | 自動車ボディ用Al系板の塗装前処理方法 |
| JP2842700B2 (ja) * | 1991-02-19 | 1999-01-06 | 住友軽金属工業株式会社 | 自動車ボディ用Al系板の塗装前処理方法 |
| US5143562A (en) * | 1991-11-01 | 1992-09-01 | Henkel Corporation | Broadly applicable phosphate conversion coating composition and process |
| DE4401566A1 (de) * | 1994-01-20 | 1995-07-27 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur gemeinsamen Vorbehandlung von Stahl, verzinktem Stahl, Magnesium und Aluminium vor der Verbindung mit Gummi |
| JP3542207B2 (ja) * | 1995-10-13 | 2004-07-14 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | アルミニウム含有金属材料表面処理方法 |
| DE19615664A1 (de) * | 1996-04-19 | 1997-10-23 | Surtec Produkte Und Systeme Fu | Chrom(VI)freie Chromatschicht sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| DE19638176A1 (de) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-04-16 | Surtec Produkte Und Systeme Fu | Chrom(VI)freie Chromatschicht sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| JP3987633B2 (ja) * | 1998-05-21 | 2007-10-10 | 日本表面化学株式会社 | 金属の保護皮膜形成用処理剤と形成方法 |
| CA2343742A1 (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 1999-12-09 | Henkel Corporation | Water-based surface-treating agent for metallic material |
| JP5219011B2 (ja) * | 1999-11-10 | 2013-06-26 | 日本表面化学株式会社 | 表面処理液、表面処理剤及び表面処理方法 |
| JP3332374B1 (ja) * | 2001-11-30 | 2002-10-07 | ディップソール株式会社 | 亜鉛及び亜鉛合金めっき上に六価クロムフリー防錆皮膜を形成するための処理溶液、六価クロムフリー防錆皮膜及びその形成方法。 |
| JP3332373B1 (ja) * | 2001-11-30 | 2002-10-07 | ディップソール株式会社 | 亜鉛及び亜鉛合金めっき上に六価クロムフリー防錆皮膜を形成するための処理溶液、六価クロムフリー防錆皮膜及びその形成方法。 |
| JP4162404B2 (ja) * | 2001-12-27 | 2008-10-08 | 日本表面化学株式会社 | アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金の表面処理方法と表面処理剤 |
| JP4090780B2 (ja) * | 2002-04-24 | 2008-05-28 | 日本表面化学株式会社 | 金属の防錆皮膜形成剤と形成方法 |
| JP4040912B2 (ja) * | 2002-06-05 | 2008-01-30 | 日本表面化学株式会社 | 着色防錆被膜形成処理剤と形成方法 |
| US6818313B2 (en) * | 2002-07-24 | 2004-11-16 | University Of Dayton | Corrosion-inhibiting coating |
| US20040156999A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-12 | Pavco, Inc. | Black trivalent chromium chromate conversion coating |
-
2004
- 2004-09-10 JP JP2004263837A patent/JP4628726B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-02-24 US US11/065,073 patent/US20050194574A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-02 EP EP05251297A patent/EP1571238A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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