JP2005253789A - 手術用処置具 - Google Patents
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Abstract
【解決手段】手術用処置具1は、先端側に生体組織を処置するための処置部2aを有し、この処置部2aに生体組織に付与する熱を発生するための発熱体23を設けた鉗子2と、この鉗子2の発熱体23にほぼ一定の電力を供給し、この発熱体23の温度が所定温度に達したとき、発熱体23への電力供給を停止するか又は、発熱体23の温度を設定温度に保つ定温度制御に切り換える制御を行う電源装置3と、を具備して構成されている。
【選択図】図1
Description
熱処置具は、ヒータ等の発熱体を設けた鉗子先端部にて挟み込んだ生体組織を加熱して凝固又は切開するものである。高周波処置具は、一対の鉗子の間に生体組織を挟み込み、その間で高周波電流を供給することで生体組織を凝固又は切開するものである。超音波処置具は、鉗子先端部に超音波振動を与えて、挟み込んだ生体組織内で摩擦熱を発生させて凝固又は切開するものである。
一方、上記特表2003−506190号公報に記載の処置具は、発熱体としてニクロム線等の電気抵抗体から形成されているヒータワイヤーを用い、このヒータワイヤーの発熱により生体組織の凝固及び切開を行うようになっている。
また、本発明による第2の手術用処置具は、上記第1の手術用処置具において、前記発熱体は、温度に比例して電気抵抗が変化する温度係数を有し、前記電源装置は、前記発熱体の電気抵抗から前記発熱体の温度を換算し、前記発熱体の電気抵抗が所定値に達したとき、前記発熱体の温度が前記所定温度に達したと判断し、前記発熱体への電力供給を停止するか又は、前記発熱体の温度を前記設定温度に保つ定温度制御に切り換える制御を行うことを特徴としている。
また、本発明による第3の手術用処置具は、上記第1の手術用処置具において、前記電源装置は、前記発熱体に印加する電圧又は、前記発熱体に供給する電流又は、前記発熱体の電気抵抗の何れか1つの変化量が所定値を超えたとき、前記鉗子が前記生体組織を処置していないとして前記発熱体への電力供給を停止することを特徴としている。
前記電源装置3には、フットスイッチ5が接続可能である。術者は、フットスイッチ5をオンオフすることで、前記鉗子2への電源電力のオンオフが行われるようになっている。尚、前記電源装置3のフロントパネルには、後述するパネル入力・表示部に前記鉗子2へ供給される電源電力の電流値や電圧値を表示する表示部や各種設置値を入力するための操作摘み等が設けられている。
前記ジョー13,14は、前記鉗子2の処置部2aを構成している。
手術用処置具1は、鉗子2が処置部2aにより生体組織を把持した後、電源装置3から電力を供給することで発熱体が発熱し、把持した生体組織に熱を付与して凝固及び切開処置を施すようになっている。
先ず、処置部2aを説明する。
図2に示すように前記ジョー13には、前記ジョー14に対向する位置に、生体組織に熱を付与する発熱体23が設けられている。この発熱体23は、銅やモリブデン等の熱伝導率の高い材料から形成されている。前記発熱体23には、前記ジョー14に対向する面に比較的鈍な形状の組織押圧部24が形成されている。
前記断熱部材25は、ジョー13の凹部に嵌め込まれた形で固定されている。これにより、前記発熱体23は、発生した熱を生体組織に効率良く付与すると共に、ステンレス等の金属材料から形成されている前記ジョー13が過度に熱くなるのを防止している。
一方、前記ジョー14には、前記発熱体23に対向する位置に受け部材26が一体的に設けられている。この受け部材26は、シリコンゴムやPTFE等の樹脂材料から形成されている。
図3に示すように前記ジョー13には、発熱体23の組織押圧部24が、図2に比べてより鈍な形状として形成されている。また、前記ジョー14には、前記受け部材26に前記発熱体23の前記組織押圧部24と係合する凹部27が形成されている。
前記電源装置3は、前記発熱体23を発熱させるための電力を供給する出力回路31と、前記発熱体23(パターン28)への印加電圧を検出する電圧検出部32と、前記発熱体23に流れる電流を検出する電流検出部33と、電圧、電流、電力、抵抗値等の各種パラメータを演算する演算回路34と、前記発熱体23へ供給される電源電力の電流値、電圧値の表示や各種設置値の入力を行うためのパネル入力・表示部35と、このパネル入力・表示部35により設定された各種設定値に従い、前記演算回路34の演算結果に基づいて前記出力回路31を制御する制御回路36と、を有して構成されている。
このため、図10に示すように発熱体23へ供給される電力Pは、時間経過と共に若干ではあるが減少することになるが、ほぼ一定の電力Pが発熱体23へ供給される。
ここで、生体組織の温度は、図12に示すように発熱体23の発熱開始と共に、上昇する。その後、生体組織は、約100〜150℃付近で温度上昇が一旦鈍る。
そこで、制御回路36は、単位時間Δt当たりの電流変化量|ΔI÷Δt|を演算回路34により演算し、この電流変化量|ΔI÷Δt|が設定値を超えた場合、出力を停止するよう制御しても良い。尚、ここで、デルタΔは、差分を表している。
本変形例では、発熱体23への印可電圧Vを一定とし(定電圧制御)、発熱体23が予め設定した切換温度T−changeに達した後、発熱体23を一定の設定温度T−setに保つ定温度制御を行っている。
尚、本変形例の制御を行うときは、術者は、予めパネル入力・表示部35にて設定電圧V−set、切換温度T−change、及び設定温度T−setを入力し設定を行う必要がある。また、図13〜図16に示した以外に、切換温度T−changeと設定温度T−setとの関係は、T−change=T−setでも良く、T−change<T−setでも良い。
従って、第2実施例の手術用処置具1は、上記第1実施例と同様な効果を得ることができる。
これにより、発熱体23の温度は、予め設定した上限温度T−limitを超えることはない。尚、出力中、発熱体23へ供給される電力Pは一定である。
これにより、手術用処置具1は、充分な凝固力を保ったまま、素早い切開を行うことが可能となる。
これにより、第3実施例の手術用処置具1は、出力開始時に過度の電圧Vが発熱体23に印可されることはない。
また、第3実施例の手術用処置具1は、図21〜図24の定電力制御時、単位時間Δtあたりの抵抗変化量|ΔR÷Δt|を演算回路34により演算し、|ΔR÷Δt|が予め設定した値を超えた場合、出力を停止するように制御しても良い。
また、上記公報には記載されていないが、電気抵抗により発熱する発熱体は出力時の電圧や電力が大きいと、瞬間的に超高温になる虞れがあった。
また、一般に、発熱体は、異なる材質の組み合わせから構成されるため、急激な温度差により材質間の熱膨張の差から歪が発生する虞れがあった。
このため、手術用処置具は、発熱体の定電圧制御において、発熱開始直後の出力電圧を徐々に増やす制御を行うように構成する。
この結果、手術用処置具は、出力直後の電圧を極短時間、徐々に上昇させることで、発熱体の温度を過度に上げることなく、また熱歪も少なくなる。これにより、手術用処置具は、発熱体の耐久性が向上する。
即ち、図26に示すように手術用処置具は、出力開始後の電圧の変化を時間的に更に分割し、出力開始直後及び所定電圧V1到達時に滑らかに変化する。
図27に示すように手術用処置具は、定電力制御において、出力開始直後の出力電力を変化させている。尚、図27に示す定電力制御の場合も図25の定電圧制御のように出力時の電力変化を更に分割して制御しても良い。また、図示しないが、定電流制御において、出力開始直後の出力電流を徐々に増やす制御を行っても良い。
しかしながら、従来の手術用処置具は、確実な生体組織の凝固ができないうちに、切開が起きてしまったり、処置時間が延びてしまうという問題があった。
このため、手術用処置具は、電力出力時、定電圧制御し、発熱体の温度を効率良く上昇させ、その後、パルスで印加する制御を行うように構成する。
任意の時間T1が経過した後、時間T2の間、パルス制御に切り換えて発熱体に供給するエネルギーを定電圧制御より減少させる。
これにより、手術用処置具は、生体組織の温度上昇を緩やかにし、生体組織の炭化が発生せずに確実な凝固が可能である。尚、出力のパラメータとしては、図29に示すように電力制御であっても良い。
この結果、手術用処置具は、生体組織の炭化を生じさせることなく、確実な凝固が可能である。
そこで、手術用処置具は、発熱体にかかる熱的負荷の大小により、術者が電源の設定によってDuty比を選択できるように構成する。
これにより、手術用処置具は、生体組織や、処置具に応じて最適な設定を選択可能であり、生体組織の炭化を生じさせることなく、確実な凝固が可能である。
この場合、図33に示すように累積投入熱量が任意の閾値B2を超えた時点で出力を停止する。又は、任意の累積投入熱量B1を超えてパルス制御に切り換わってから任意の時間T2が経過した時点で出力を停止しても良い。同様に、図34に示すように累積投入熱量ではなく、発熱体の温度又は生体組織の温度に閾値A1、A2を設けても良い。
これにより、手術用処置具は、電源装置からの出力を自動的に停止することができ、生体組織の炭化を生じさせることなく、確実な凝固が可能である。
即ち、 図35に示すように手術用処置具は、出力開始後から任意の時刻t1までの間、定電圧制御により、発熱体の温度を上昇させる。手術用処置具は、任意の時刻t1を過ぎると定電圧制御からパルス制御に切り換える。
手術用処置具は、パルス制御開始後、任意の時刻t2までパルス制御を継続し、時刻t2経過後、再び定電圧制御に切り換えて、発熱体の温度を上昇させるに伴って生体組織の切開を行うようにしている。尚、時刻t2の設定は、時刻t1と同様に、温度や投入熱量に閾値を設けても良いし、予め設定できるようにしても良い。また、出力のパラメータは、電圧でも電力でも電流でも良い。
これにより、手術用処置具は、生体組織の熱損傷を最小限にしながら確実な凝固と切開が同時にできる。
(付記項1)
先端側に生体組織を処置するための処置部を有し、この処置部に前記生体組織に付与する熱を発生するための発熱体を設けた鉗子と、
前記鉗子の前記発熱体にほぼ一定の電力を供給し、この発熱体の温度が所定温度に達したとき、前記発熱体への電力供給を停止するか又は、前記発熱体の温度を設定温度に保つ定温度制御に切り換える制御を行う電源装置と、
を具備したことを特徴とする手術用処置具。
前記発熱体は、温度に比例して電気抵抗が変化する温度係数を有し、
前記電源装置は、前記発熱体の電気抵抗から前記発熱体の温度を換算し、前記発熱体の電気抵抗が所定値に達したとき、前記発熱体の温度が前記所定温度に達したと判断し、前記発熱体への電力供給を停止するか又は、前記発熱体の温度を前記設定温度に保つ定温度制御に切り換える制御を行う
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の手術用処置具。
前記電源装置は、前記発熱体に印加する電圧又は、前記発熱体に供給する電流又は、前記発熱体の電気抵抗の何れか1つの変化量が所定値を超えたとき、前記鉗子が前記生体組織を処置していないとして前記発熱体への電力供給を停止することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の手術用処置具。
前記電源装置は、前記発熱体への出力開始直前、又は出力開始直後に前記発熱体に微弱なモニタリング電流を供給し、このモニタリング電流から得た前記発熱体に印加する電圧及び、前記発熱体に供給する電流及び、設定電力値から前記発熱体へ印加する電圧値を演算してこの演算した電圧値に基づいて前記発熱体への電力供給を開始することを特徴とする付記項1に記載の手術用処置具。
前記電源装置は、前記発熱体の温度が所定温度に達するまで、前記発熱体に一定の電圧を印加する定電圧制御又は、前記発熱体に一定の電流を供給する定電流制御又は前記発熱体に一定の電力を供給する定電力制御を行うことを特徴とする付記項1に記載の手術用処置具。
前記鉗子は、前記処置部として開閉可能な一対の把持部を先端側に有すると共に、基端側に前記把持部を開閉操作するための操作部を有し、
前記発熱体は、前記鉗子の前記把持部の少なくとも一方に設けたことを特徴とする付記項1に記載の手術用処置具。
前記電源装置は、前記鉗子の前記発熱体にほぼ一定の電力を供給する制御は、前記発熱体に一定の電圧を印加する定電圧制御又は、前記発熱体に一定の電流を供給する定電流制御であることを特徴とする付記項1に記載の手術用処置具。
前記電源装置は、前記発熱体の電気抵抗を演算する演算回路を有し、この演算回路の演算結果に基づき、前記発熱体への電力供給を停止するか又は、前記発熱体の温度を設定温度に保つ定温度制御に切り換えることを特徴とする付記項1に記載の手術用処置具。
前記電源装置は、前記発熱体に印加する電圧又は、前記発熱体に供給する電流又は、これら電圧及び電流から算出した前記発熱体の電気抵抗の何れか1つの単位時間当たりの変化量を演算する演算回路を有し、この演算回路で演算した変化量が所定値を超えたとき、前記鉗子が前記生体組織を処置していないとして前記発熱体への電力供給を停止することを特徴とする付記項1に記載の手術用処置具。
前記電源装置は、前記発熱体に印加する電圧及び、前記発熱体に供給する電流及び、設定電力値から前記発熱体へ印加する電圧値を演算する演算回路を有し、
前記発熱体への出力開始直前、又は出力開始直後に前記発熱体に微弱なモニタリング電流を供給し、このモニタリング電流から前記演算回路により前記演算した電圧値に基づいて前記発熱体への電力供給を開始することを特徴とする付記項1に記載の手術用処置具。
前記電源装置は、前記発熱体に印加される電圧を検出する電圧検出手段及び、前記発熱体に供給する電流を検出する電流検出手段を有し、
前記演算回路は、前記電圧検出手段で検出された電圧及び前記電流検出手段で検出された電流から前記発熱体の前記電気抵抗値を演算する
ことを特徴とする付記項7〜10に記載の手術用処置具。
先端部に開閉可能な一対の把持部からなる処置部と、基端部に前記把持部を開閉操作する操作部を有し、前記把持部の少なくとも一方に生体組織を処置するための発熱部を設けた鉗子と、前記発熱部を駆動、制御するための電源装置とからなる手術用処置具において、
前記発熱部は、温度係数を有する発熱体からなり、
前記電源装置は、前記発熱体にほぼ一定の電力を供給するように駆動、制御する
ことを特徴とする手術用処置具。
前記電源装置は、前記発熱体に一定の電圧を印加するように駆動、制御することを特徴とする付記項12に記載の手術用処置具。
前記電源装置は、前記発熱体に一定の電流が流れるように駆動、制御することを特徴とする付記項12に記載の手術用処置具。
前記電源装置は、発熱体に印加される電圧を検出する電圧検出手段と、発熱体に流れる電流を検出する電流検出手段と、前記検出された電圧及び電流から発熱体に供給される電力及び発熱体の電気抵抗を演算する演算回路とを有し、前記演算回路の演算結果に基づき、前記発熱体に定電圧駆動、又は定電流駆動、又は定電力駆動する出力制御を行うことを特徴とする付記項12に記載の手術用処置具。
前記電源装置は、前記発熱体が予め設定した温度に達したとき、前記発熱体への電力供給を停止することを特徴とする付記項15に記載の手術用処置具。
前記電源装置は、前記発熱体が予め設定した温度に達したとき、前記発熱体の温度を一定に保つ定温度制御駆動に切り換わることを特徴とする付記項15に記載の手術用処置具。
前記演算回路は、電圧又は電流又は電気抵抗の何れかの単位時間当たりの変化量を演算し、前記変化量が予め設定した値を超えたとき、前記発熱体への電力供給を停止することを特徴とする付記項15に記載の手術用処置具。
前記電源装置は、前記発熱体を定電力駆動する出力制御を行う際、出力開始直前、又は出力開始直後に前記発熱体に微弱なモニタリング電流を流し、
前記演算回路は、電圧、電流、及び設定電力値から前記定電力駆動開始時の電圧値を演算することを特徴とする付記項15に記載の手術用処置具。
2 鉗子
2a 処置部
2b 操作部
3 電源装置
11,12 ハンドル部
13,14 ジョー
15,16 鋏構成部材
23 発熱体
23A 薄膜基板
24 組織押圧部
25 断熱部材
26 受け部材
28 パターン
31 出力回路
32 電圧検出部
33 電流検出部
34 演算回路
35 パネル入力・表示部
36 制御回路
代理人 弁理士 伊藤 進
Claims (3)
- 先端側に生体組織を処置するための処置部を有し、この処置部に前記生体組織に付与する熱を発生するための発熱体を設けた鉗子と、
前記鉗子の前記発熱体にほぼ一定の電力を供給し、この発熱体の温度が所定温度に達したとき、前記発熱体への電力供給を停止するか又は、前記発熱体の温度を設定温度に保つ定温度制御に切り換える制御を行う電源装置と、
を具備したことを特徴とする手術用処置具。 - 前記発熱体は、温度に比例して電気抵抗が変化する温度係数を有し、
前記電源装置は、前記発熱体の電気抵抗から前記発熱体の温度を換算し、前記発熱体の電気抵抗が所定値に達したとき、前記発熱体の温度が前記所定温度に達したと判断し、前記発熱体への電力供給を停止するか又は、前記発熱体の温度を前記設定温度に保つ定温度制御に切り換える制御を行う
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の手術用処置具。 - 前記電源装置は、前記発熱体に印加する電圧又は、前記発熱体に供給する電流又は、前記発熱体の電気抵抗の何れか1つの変化量が所定値を超えたとき、前記鉗子が前記生体組織を処置していないとして前記発熱体への電力供給を停止することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の手術用処置具。
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US11/077,861 US20050222560A1 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-03-11 | Operative instrument |
US12/852,766 US20100305558A1 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2010-08-09 | Operative instrument |
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US20100305558A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
US20050222560A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
EP1582165B1 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
JP4624697B2 (ja) | 2011-02-02 |
EP1582165A1 (en) | 2005-10-05 |
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