JP2003070348A - Artificial culture medium for mushroom and artificial cultivation method for mushroom using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an artificial culture medium for mushrooms, making it possible to obtain mushrooms in a high yield, by overcoming such defects in conventional mushroom-bed artificial cultivation that repeated cultivation of a large quantity of mushrooms earnestly requires to be improved in its productivity in terms of expensive production cost resulted from poor yield and a considerably long cultivation term, and to provide an artificial cultivation method for mushrooms using the artificial culture medium for mushrooms. SOLUTION: The artificial culture medium for mushrooms contains limes and a clay compound having 1-2 molar ratio of SiO2 /(Al2 O3 +MgO). The artificial cultivation method for mushrooms comprises a process of using the artificial culture medium for mushrooms.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an artificial culture medium for mushrooms and a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms using the same. The parts and% in the present invention are based on mass unless otherwise specified.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, most mushrooms are cultivated by using raw logs such as Japanese swordfish, beech, and cod, and therefore the harvest is often influenced by weather conditions. was there. Also, recently
There is also a problem that it is becoming difficult to obtain raw logs due to lack of labor for cutting out raw logs for cultivation of sapwood. Furthermore, in the cultivation of sapwood, it takes a year and a half to two years from inoculation of inoculum to harvest of mushrooms, so that there is a problem that the production cost is considerably high.

In recent years, a method for artificially cultivating mushroom beds, such as enokitake mushrooms, hiratake mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, and shiitake mushrooms, has been established by culturing them in bottles or boxes using an artificial culture medium containing rice bran in sawdust, and throughout the year, four seasons. These mushrooms can be stably harvested regardless of the season. In other words, the traditional mushroom cultivation, which has a strong side business effect on farmers and relies on small-scale production, is now being replaced by a fungal bed artificial cultivation method where large-scale specialized production is possible and raw materials are easily available. is there.

However, even in the artificial cultivation of fungal beds,
For continuous cultivation of a large amount of mushrooms, the yield is still low,
Moreover, since the cultivation period is considerably long, the production cost cannot be said to be low, and improvement of these productivity is desired in the future.

As a method for improving productivity, for example,
A method has been proposed in which an aluminosilicate compound having a specific composition or a magnesium aluminum silicate compound having a specific composition is contained in an artificial culture medium containing sawdust, rice bran or the like (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-210126).
03-58716).

However, the fact is that these methods cannot produce mushrooms with a sufficient yield.

The present inventor has made diligent efforts to solve the above-mentioned problems in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, and as a result, found that mushrooms can be cultivated in high yield by using a specific artificial culture medium. The invention was completed.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the present invention relates to an artificial culture medium of a mushroom containing limes and a clay compound having a SiO ₂ / (Al ₂ O ₃ + MgO) molar ratio of 1 to 2. The method for artificially cultivating a mushroom using the artificial culture medium.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in more detail below.

The limes used in the present invention are quicklime (Ca
O) and slaked lime (Ca (OH) ₂ ), which are not particularly limited, and commercially available products can be used, and those produced as various by-products can also be used. The particle size of the limes is not particularly specified, but in order to improve the yield which can be added in a small amount, the finer the finer, the more preferable. Specifically, the particle diameter is preferably 1,000 μm or less, more preferably 100 μm or less. Outside this range, there may be cases where a sufficient improvement in the yield of mushrooms is not observed.

The clay compound used in the present invention is
SiO ₂ / (Al ₂ O ₃ + MgO) has a molar ratio of 1 to 2, and examples thereof include kaolinite, halloysite, pyrophyllite, montmorillonite, and allophane.

Kaolinite is a compound represented by Al ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ (OH) ₄ having a SiO ₂ / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio of 1, and is composed of a tetrahedral sheet of Si and an octahedral sheet of Al. It is composed of layered compounds and the distance between layers is 7Å. In addition, halloysite has the same chemical composition as kaolinite, but retains one layer of water between layers, and the interlayer distance is expanded to 10Å. Pyrophyllite is Al ₂ Si ₄ O ₁₀ (OH) ₂ and
Montmorillonite is (Na, Ca _0.5 ) _0.33 (Al _1.67 Mg _0.33 Si ₄ O
₁₀ (OH) ₂ ), each of which is a compound having a SiO ₂ / (Al ₂ O ₃ + MgO) molar ratio of 1 to 2, and the interlayer distance is about 10Å. Allophane has a SiO ₂ / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio of 1 to 2
Is an amorphous aluminosilicate. Since these clay compounds are naturally present in large amounts, they can be obtained at low cost. The particle size of the clay compound is not particularly specified, but the finer the finer the better in order to improve the yield of the mushroom by adding a small amount. Specifically, the particle diameter is preferably 1,00 μm or less, more preferably 100 μm or less. Outside this range, sufficient mushroom yield improvement may not be observed.

The mixing ratio of limes and clay compound varies depending on the type of clay compound used, but it is generally Ca (OH) ₂ /
It is preferable that the molar ratio of (Al ₂ O ₃ + MgO) is 0.5 to 4.0, and more preferably 1.0 to 3.0. Outside this range, the desired effect may not be obtained.

The artificial culture medium used in the present invention is usually
A mixture of a carbon source such as sawdust, bran, and chaff, and a nitrogen source such as rice bran and soybean meal, and a mixture prepared by adding an appropriate amount of water to the mixture and compressing it into a bottle or a box.
Further, limes and clay compounds are added to these.

The amount of carbon source, the amount of nitrogen source, and the amount of water change depending on the type, the amount of water content, etc. and are not uniquely determined. For example, when sawdust is used as the carbon source, sawdust is It can be used in the range of about 20 to 90% of the total dry matter of the medium in a dry state, but this amount varies depending on the medium component used as the nitrogen source. For example, when rice bran is used as the nitrogen source, sawdust is the dry matter of the total medium dry matter.
It is used in the range of 20 to 90%, but water is added to the mixture of sawdust and rice bran in a weight ratio of 1: 1 to give a water content of 55.
It is preferable to adjust the content to ˜70% and pack it in a bottle or a box.

As the sawdust, hardwood sawdust or softwood sawdust may be used alone or in combination.

The mixing ratio of the mixture of limes and clay compound (hereinafter referred to as medium activator) is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts per 100 parts of the artificial culture medium consisting of carbon source and nitrogen source.
-10 parts are more preferred. If the mixing ratio of the culture medium active material is outside the above range, the effect of the present invention may not be sufficiently obtained.

The mushroom according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be artificially cultivated. Specific examples thereof include enoki mushroom, hiratake mushroom, nameko mushroom, shiitake mushroom, and shiitake mushroom.

In the present invention, in addition to the culture medium active material, the carbon source such as sawdust, the nitrogen source such as rice bran, and water, aluminosilicate-based materials which have been conventionally used and are materials for improving the yield of mushrooms. Compound, magnesium aluminum silicate compound, magnesium silicate compound,
Calcium silicate-based compounds, magnesium aluminate-based compounds, calcium aluminate-based compounds, slag powder, ettringite, phosphorus compounds, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and inorganic sulfate within a range that does not substantially inhibit the object of the present invention. It is possible to use together.

[0020]

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to experimental examples.

Experimental Example 1 500 g of hardwood sawdust, 500 g of coniferous sawdust, and 1,000 g of rice bran
Was placed in a plastic bag and mixed thoroughly to prepare an artificial culture medium. 200 g of the prepared artificial culture medium has an average particle size 1 shown in Table 1.
10g of medium active material consisting of limes and clay compounds of about 0 μm
Was added to adjust the water content to 65% to prepare a mixture, and 200 g of this mixture was pressed into a plastic 1-liter wide-mouth bottle. A hole having a diameter of about 1 cm was opened in the center of each bottle, and the bottle was stoppered and sterilized at 120 ° C. for 90 minutes. After cooling, inoculate the sawdust species of hiratake, temperature 25 ° C, relative humidity 55% in the dark.
Culturing was carried out for 30 days under the conditions (rotating step), and further culturing was continued for 30 days for aging. Next, the stopper was removed, and about 1 cm of bacteria was scraped from the upper part of the culture medium to remove the mycelium layer, and then 20 ml of tap water was added to sufficiently absorb water. After leaving for 4 hours,
The water remaining on the top was removed, and the temperature was 15 ° C and the relative humidity was 95.
%, And illuminance of 20 lux, cultivated for 4 days to form fruit body primordia, and further raised the illuminance to 200 lux,
The culture was continued for 0 days, and the effect of the weight ratio of the active medium on the fruit body yield was examined. The results are also shown in Table 1. For comparison, the same experiment was performed using slaked lime and clay compound alone as a medium activator.
The results are also shown in Table 1.

<Materials used> Hardwood sawdust: Beechwood sawdust Softwood sawdust: Sugi sawdust Rice bran: Commercial product Lime A: Slaked lime, Reagent 1st grade lime B: Quicklime, Reagent 1st grade clay compound a: Kaolinite, Clay compound from Georgia, b: Halloysite, Clay compound from Georgia, c: Pyrophyllite, Clay compound from Georgia, d: Montmorillonite, Niigata clay compound, e: Allophane, Niigata prefecture

<Measurement method> Control contrast: Fruit body yield of artificial culture medium with added medium active material (g) / Fruit body yield of artificial medium without added medium active material (g) x 100 (%)

[0024]

[Table 1]

Experimental Example 2 Except that lime A and clay compound b were added as the medium activator so that the molar ratio of Ca (OH) ₂ / (Al ₂ O ₃ + MgO) shown in Table 2 was obtained. It carried out like Experimental example 1. The results are also shown in Table 2.

[0026]

[Table 2]

Experimental Example 3 The same procedure as in Experimental Example 1 was repeated except that the medium activator composed of lime A and clay compound b shown in Table 3 was added to 100 parts of the artificial culture medium consisting of carbon source and nitrogen source. It was The results are also shown in Table 3.

[0028]

[Table 3]

Experimental Example 4 The same operation as in Experimental Example 1 was carried out except that a medium activator consisting of lime A and clay compound b having an average particle size shown in Table 4 was added. The results are also shown in Table 4.

[0030]

[Table 4]

[0031]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION By using the mushroom artificial culture medium of the present invention, it becomes possible to cultivate mushrooms at a high yield.

Continued front page    (72) Inventor Mitsuo Takahashi             2209 Aomi, Aomi-cho, Aomi-cho, Nishikubiki-gun, Niigata Prefecture             Denki Kagaku Co., Ltd. Aomi factory (72) Inventor Masahiro Shiroishi             Nagano Prefecture Suzaka City Oza 787 Address 1 Corporate Law             Inside Nagano Rural Industry Research Institute (72) Inventor Kenichi Nishizawa             Nagano Prefecture Suzaka City Oza 787 Address 1 Corporate Law             Inside Nagano Rural Industry Research Institute (72) Inventor Rikiya Tokoo             Nagano Prefecture Suzaka City Oza 787 Address 1 Corporate Law             Inside Nagano Rural Industry Research Institute F-term (reference) 2B011 BA06 BA13 BA14 GA04

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A mushroom artificial culture medium comprising limes and a clay compound having a SiO ₂ / (Al ₂ O ₃ + MgO) molar ratio of 1 to 2. 2. A method for artificially cultivating a mushroom, which comprises using the mushroom artificial culture medium according to claim 1.