CN114190231A - Flammulina velutipes culture medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flammulina velutipes culture medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114190231A CN114190231A CN202210010729.1A CN202210010729A CN114190231A CN 114190231 A CN114190231 A CN 114190231A CN 202210010729 A CN202210010729 A CN 202210010729A CN 114190231 A CN114190231 A CN 114190231A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a needle mushroom culture medium and a preparation method thereof, wherein the needle mushroom culture medium comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of cottonseed hull, 15-25 parts of bran, 4-8 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of seaweed meal, 0.2-0.6 part of sodium selenite and 10-20 parts of composite modified montmorillonite+The composite modified montmorillonite is added to the conventional needle mushroom culture medium, so that the oxygen content of the culture medium is increased, a good nutritional growth environment is provided for needle mushrooms, and the yield and income increasing effect is remarkable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of needle mushroom cultivation, in particular to a needle mushroom culture medium and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The Flammulina velutipes (Flammulina velutipes) has smooth and tender cover, crisp stem, rich nutrition, delicious taste and high popularity, has rich amino acid content which is higher than that of common Flammulina velutipes, particularly has high lysine content, has the function of promoting the intelligence development of children, is also called as 'Yihuo mushrooms' in Japanese Flammulina velutipes, and can be worried by Japanese people on the Flammulina velutipes. The needle mushroom is a high-protein low-fat nutritional health food, contains various vitamins and mineral elements, and has high vitamin C content.
The golden mushroom has already formed a larger production scale in China, the yield of the golden mushroom is the first in edible mushroom varieties produced in factories, and the golden mushroom becomes one of the edible mushroom varieties with the most development potential in China, so the industry competition is more intense, and higher biological conversion rate and better quality are needed to ensure the leading level of the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a needle mushroom culture medium and a preparation method thereof, and solves the technical problem of low needle mushroom yield in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a needle mushroom culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of cottonseed hulls, 15-25 parts of bran, 4-8 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of seaweed meal, 0.2-0.6 part of sodium selenite and 10-20 parts of composite modified montmorillonite.
Preferably, the preparation method of the composite modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring and dispersing montmorillonite in deionized water to obtain uniform slurry;
(2) slowly adding zinc salt into the slurry obtained in the step (1) under stirring, stirring for 3-6h at a constant temperature of 60-90 ℃, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain zinc-loaded montmorillonite;
(3) adding cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into deionized water, mixing uniformly, adding calcium chloride powder, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30-60min, adding the zinc-loaded montmorillonite obtained in the step (2), and performing ultrasonic treatment for 60-120min to obtain a mixed solution A;
(4) under the condition of slow stirring, adding ammonia water into the ice-water mixture, uniformly mixing, then adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution B;
(5) and pouring the mixed solution B into the mixed solution A under the condition of rapid stirring, uniformly mixing, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying on a reaction product to obtain the composite modified montmorillonite.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass fraction of the montmorillonite is 10-30%.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the zinc salt to the montmorillonite is 10-20:100, and the zinc salt is zinc chloride, zinc nitrate or zinc sulfate.
Preferably, in the step (3), the mass ratio of the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to the deionized water to the calcium chloride to the zinc-loaded montmorillonite is 0.2-0.4:400-600:8-15: 60-100.
Preferably, in the step (4), the slow stirring speed is 100-.
Preferably, in the step (4), the mass ratio of the ammonia water to the ice-water mixture to the hydrogen peroxide solution is 3-10:100: 60-100.
Preferably, in the step (4), the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 25-30%, and the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 30-50%.
Preferably, in the step (5), the rapid stirring speed is 400-.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the needle mushroom culture medium, which comprises the following steps: putting rice bran, cottonseed hull, bran, soybean meal, seaweed meal, sodium selenite and compound modified montmorillonite into a stirrer, uniformly mixing, then adding water, uniformly stirring until the water content reaches 60-75%, and sterilizing to obtain the needle mushroom culture medium.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the raw materials in the invention are agricultural production wastes, which not only enriches the raw material source ways of the culture medium, but also recycles the waste resources, and is beneficial to the cyclic utilization of agricultural resources.
(2) The invention adds zinc salt into montmorillonite dispersion liquid, and Na between zinc ion and montmorillonite layer+The ion exchange is carried out, the interlayer spacing of the montmorillonite is effectively opened, the surface area of the montmorillonite is increased, then calcium peroxide is generated in situ between the montmorillonite layers, and in the culture medium, the calcium peroxide slowly reacts with water to generate calcium hydroxide and oxygen, so that oxygen can be continuously provided for the culture medium, the growth of flammulina velutipes is facilitated, and the yield of the flammulina velutipes is increased.
(3) According to the invention, calcium peroxide is generated in situ between montmorillonite layers, rather than directly adding the calcium peroxide into a culture medium, because the calcium peroxide slowly reacts with water to generate calcium hydroxide which is alkaline and requires a slightly acidic environment for the growth of flammulina velutipes, the generated calcium hydroxide is not beneficial to the growth of the flammulina velutipes, and after zinc ions with more positive charges enter the montmorillonite layers, the acidity of the montmorillonite surfaces is greatly improved, the alkaline calcium hydroxide can be neutralized, and the adverse effect of the calcium hydroxide on the growth of the flammulina velutipes is effectively avoided.
(4) The modified montmorillonite contains two elements of zinc and calcium, so that the content of zinc and calcium in the flammulina velutipes can be obviously increased, and the quality of the flammulina velutipes can be improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the chemical reagents involved in the present invention are commercially available.
The montmorillonite used in this example was sodium montmorillonite, purchased from Beijing Yiweispecialization science and technology development Inc.
Example 1
A preparation method of a needle mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring and dispersing 10g of montmorillonite in 100g of deionized water to obtain uniform slurry;
(2) slowly adding 1g of zinc chloride into the slurry obtained in the step (1) under stirring, stirring for 3 hours at a constant temperature of 60 ℃, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain zinc-loaded montmorillonite;
(3) adding 0.2g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into 400g of deionized water, uniformly mixing, adding 8g of calcium chloride powder, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, adding 60g of zinc-loaded montmorillonite obtained in the step (2), and performing ultrasonic treatment for 60min to obtain a mixed solution A;
(4) adding 3g of 25 wt% ammonia water into 100g of ice-water mixture at a stirring speed of 150r/min, uniformly mixing, adding 60g of 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution into the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution B;
(5) pouring the mixed solution B into the mixed solution A at a stirring speed of 400r/min, uniformly mixing, reacting for 8 hours, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying on a reaction product to obtain the composite modified montmorillonite;
(6) putting 40g of rice bran, 10g of cottonseed hull, 15g of bran, 4g of soybean meal, 1g of seaweed meal, 0.2g of sodium selenite and 10g of composite modified montmorillonite into a stirrer, uniformly mixing, then adding water, uniformly stirring until the water content reaches 60%, and sterilizing to obtain the needle mushroom culture medium.
Example 2
A preparation method of a needle mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring and dispersing 15g of montmorillonite in 100g of deionized water to obtain uniform slurry;
(2) slowly adding 2g of zinc nitrate into the slurry obtained in the step (1) under stirring, stirring at the constant temperature of 80 ℃ for 4 hours, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain zinc-loaded montmorillonite;
(3) adding 0.3g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into 500g of deionized water, uniformly mixing, adding 10g of calcium chloride powder, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, adding 80g of zinc-loaded montmorillonite obtained in the step (2), and performing ultrasonic treatment for 90min to obtain a mixed solution A;
(4) adding 5g of 25 wt% ammonia water into 100g of ice-water mixture at a stirring speed of 200r/min, uniformly mixing, adding 80g of 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution B;
(5) pouring the mixed solution B into the mixed solution A at a stirring speed of 400r/min, uniformly mixing, reacting for 8 hours, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying on a reaction product to obtain the composite modified montmorillonite;
(6) putting 50g of rice bran, 10g of cottonseed hull, 20g of bran, 6g of soybean meal, 2g of seaweed meal, 0.4g of sodium selenite and 15g of composite modified montmorillonite into a stirrer, uniformly mixing, then adding water, uniformly stirring until the water content reaches 65%, and sterilizing to obtain the needle mushroom culture medium.
Example 3
A preparation method of a needle mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring and dispersing 20g of montmorillonite in 100g of deionized water to obtain uniform slurry;
(2) slowly adding 3g of zinc nitrate into the slurry obtained in the step (1) under stirring, stirring at a constant temperature of 70 ℃ for 5 hours, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain zinc-loaded montmorillonite;
(3) adding 0.4g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into 500g of deionized water, uniformly mixing, adding 15g of calcium chloride powder, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, adding 80g of zinc-loaded montmorillonite obtained in the step (2), and performing ultrasonic treatment for 90min to obtain a mixed solution A;
(4) adding 8g of 25 wt% ammonia water into 100g of ice-water mixture at a stirring speed of 200r/min, uniformly mixing, adding 80g of 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution B;
(5) pouring the mixed solution B into the mixed solution A at a stirring speed of 400r/min, uniformly mixing, reacting for 8 hours, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying on a reaction product to obtain the composite modified montmorillonite;
(6) putting 60g of rice bran, 12g of cottonseed hull, 20g of bran, 5g of soybean meal, 2g of seaweed meal, 0.4g of sodium selenite and 18g of composite modified montmorillonite into a stirrer, uniformly mixing, then adding water, uniformly stirring until the water content reaches 65%, and sterilizing to obtain the needle mushroom culture medium.
Example 4
A preparation method of a needle mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring and dispersing 25g of montmorillonite in 100g of deionized water to obtain uniform slurry;
(2) slowly adding 4g of zinc nitrate into the slurry obtained in the step (1) under stirring, stirring at the constant temperature of 80 ℃ for 5 hours, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain zinc-loaded montmorillonite;
(3) adding 0.4g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into 500g of deionized water, uniformly mixing, adding 12g of calcium chloride powder, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, adding 100g of zinc-loaded montmorillonite obtained in the step (2), and performing ultrasonic treatment for 90min to obtain a mixed solution A;
(4) adding 8g of 25 wt% ammonia water into 100g of ice-water mixture at a stirring speed of 200r/min, uniformly mixing, adding 100g of 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution into the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution B;
(5) pouring the mixed solution B into the mixed solution A at a stirring speed of 400r/min, uniformly mixing, reacting for 8 hours, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying on a reaction product to obtain the composite modified montmorillonite;
(6) putting 60g of rice bran, 15g of cottonseed hull, 18g of bran, 5g of soybean meal, 3g of seaweed meal, 0.3g of sodium selenite and 16g of composite modified montmorillonite into a stirrer, uniformly mixing, then adding water, uniformly stirring until the water content reaches 65%, and sterilizing to obtain the flammulina velutipes culture medium.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a needle mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
putting 60g of rice bran, 12g of cottonseed hull, 20g of bran, 5g of soybean meal, 2g of seaweed meal, 0.4g of sodium selenite and 18g of montmorillonite into a stirrer, uniformly mixing, then adding water, uniformly stirring until the water content reaches 65%, and sterilizing to obtain the needle mushroom culture medium.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a needle mushroom culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring and dispersing 20g of montmorillonite in 100g of deionized water to obtain uniform slurry;
(2) slowly adding 3g of zinc nitrate into the slurry obtained in the step (1) under stirring, stirring at a constant temperature of 70 ℃ for 5 hours, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain zinc-loaded montmorillonite;
(3) putting 60g of rice bran, 12g of cottonseed hull, 20g of bran, 5g of soybean meal, 2g of seaweed meal, 0.4g of sodium selenite and 18g of zinc-loaded montmorillonite into a stirrer, uniformly mixing, then adding water, uniformly stirring until the water content reaches 65%, and sterilizing to obtain the needle mushroom culture medium.
Putting 800g of flammulina velutipes culture medium into a culture bottle, then moving the culture bottle to a sterile workshop, inoculating by a fungus inoculating device at 18 ℃, wherein the inoculation amount of each bottle is 25g, moving the inoculated culture bottle to a culture room, controlling the temperature of the culture room at 18 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air at 65%, performing light-resistant culture for 21 days, performing fungus scratching and bud forcing growth, and then harvesting the flammulina velutipes, wherein the time from fungus scratching to harvesting is 24 days, the flammulina velutipes culture data results respectively adopting the above examples and comparative examples as the culture medium are shown in the following table:
| long stipe (cm) | Average yield per bottle (g) | |
| Example 1 | 16.1-17 | 463 |
| Example 2 | 16.2-17.3 | 478 |
| Example 3 | 16-17 | 466 |
| Example 4 | 16-17 | 471 |
| Comparative example 1 | 13-15 | 385 |
| Comparative example 2 | 15-16 | 412 |
As can be seen from the table, the flammulina velutipes prepared by using the culture medium of the invention has long stipe and high yield, the montmorillonite is not modified in the comparative example 1, the montmorillonite is only modified by carrying zinc in the comparative example 2, and the flammulina velutipes prepared in the comparative examples 1 and 2 have no longer length and yield as the flammulina velutipes prepared in the comparative examples 1 and 2.
Finally, it is to be noted that: the above examples do not limit the invention in any way. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made to the present invention. Accordingly, any modification or improvement made without departing from the spirit of the present invention is within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (10)
1. The needle mushroom culture medium is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of cottonseed hulls, 15-25 parts of bran, 4-8 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of seaweed meal, 0.2-0.6 part of sodium selenite and 10-20 parts of composite modified montmorillonite.
2. The needle mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the compound modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring and dispersing montmorillonite in deionized water to obtain uniform slurry;
(2) slowly adding zinc salt into the slurry obtained in the step (1) under stirring, stirring for 3-6h at a constant temperature of 60-90 ℃, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain zinc-loaded montmorillonite;
(3) adding cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into deionized water, mixing uniformly, adding calcium chloride powder, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30-60min, adding the zinc-loaded montmorillonite obtained in the step (2), and performing ultrasonic treatment for 60-120min to obtain a mixed solution A;
(4) under the condition of slow stirring, adding ammonia water into the ice-water mixture, uniformly mixing, then adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution B;
(5) and pouring the mixed solution B into the mixed solution A under the condition of rapid stirring, uniformly mixing, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying on a reaction product to obtain the composite modified montmorillonite.
3. The needle mushroom culture medium according to claim 2, wherein the mass fraction of montmorillonite in step (1) is 10-30%.
4. The needle mushroom culture medium according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of the zinc salt to the montmorillonite is 10-20:100, and the zinc salt is zinc chloride, zinc nitrate or zinc sulfate.
5. The needle mushroom culture medium according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, deionized water, calcium chloride and zinc-loaded montmorillonite in step (3) is 0.2-0.4:400-600:8-15: 60-100.
6. The needle mushroom culture medium according to claim 2, wherein the slow stirring speed in step (4) is 100-250 r/min.
7. The needle mushroom culture medium according to claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the mass ratio of the ammonia water, the ice water mixture and the hydrogen peroxide solution is 3-10:100: 60-100.
8. The needle mushroom culture medium according to claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 25 to 30%, and the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 30 to 50%.
9. The needle mushroom culture medium according to claim 2, wherein the rapid stirring speed in step (5) is 400-500 r/min.
10. A method for preparing a needle mushroom culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of: putting rice bran, cottonseed hull, bran, soybean meal, seaweed meal, sodium selenite and compound modified montmorillonite into a stirrer, uniformly mixing, then adding water, uniformly stirring until the water content reaches 60-75%, and sterilizing to obtain the needle mushroom culture medium.
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Cited By (1)
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