CN116686630A - Method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws - Google Patents
Method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws Download PDFInfo
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- CN116686630A CN116686630A CN202310823160.5A CN202310823160A CN116686630A CN 116686630 A CN116686630 A CN 116686630A CN 202310823160 A CN202310823160 A CN 202310823160A CN 116686630 A CN116686630 A CN 116686630A
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- 240000006499 Flammulina velutipes Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 235000016640 Flammulina velutipes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;calcium;potassium;silicon;sodium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Na].[Al].[Si].[K].[Ca] JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001603 clinoptilolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004343 Calcium peroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000121219 Tricholoma Species 0.000 description 2
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium peroxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][O-] LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019402 calcium peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000222485 Agaricales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000933832 Broussonetia Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001537207 Flammulina Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000222351 Pleurotus cornucopiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222433 Tricholomataceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000024001 sorocarp development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws, which belongs to the technical field of flammulina velutipes cultivation and comprises the following steps: the following raw materials in parts by weight are prepared: 8-12 parts of potato starch residues, 100-120 parts of soybean straw, 80-100 parts of corn straw, 6-10 parts of functional components, 10-20 parts of wood chips, 1-3 parts of light calcium carbonate and 5-10 parts of wheat bran; stirring the raw materials, and then adding water to obtain a culture medium; filling the culture medium into a culture bottle, sterilizing under high pressure, cooling, inoculating needle mushroom strain in sterile environment, transferring the inoculated culture bottle into a culture room, controlling the temperature of the culture room at 17 ℃, controlling the relative air humidity at 65%, and culturing for 20-22 days in dark place; when the stipe grows to 15-17cm and the diameter of the mushroom cap is 0.8-1.2cm, the flammulina velutipes can be harvested, and functional components are added into the culture medium, so that the obtained flammulina velutipes has high yield and good quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flammulina velutipes cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws.
Background
Flammulina velutipes (Flammable velocipedes) belong to genus Flammulina (Flammulina velutipes) of family Tricholomataceae (Trigonometric) of order Agaricales, commonly called Broussonetia, pleurotus cornucopiae, flammulina velutipes, tricholoma lobayense, and Tricholoma lobayense. The flammulina velutipes not only has delicious and very delicious taste, but also is a high-protein, low-calorie and polysaccharide nutrition health-care food which contains rich lysine and arginine and has good effects on enhancing intelligence, especially on the height and intelligence development of children, and is called as intelligent mushroom.
The method for cultivating the flammulina velutipes by using the crop straw has good application prospect, such as Chinese patent CN102037858B discloses a method for cultivating the flammulina velutipes by using the beanstalk straw in a factory, which is made of bean straw, wheat bran, corn flour, wood dust, light calcium carbonate and water, reduces the cost of a culture medium, but needs a large amount of oxygen in the flammulina velutipes growth process, and the patent adopts bottled culture, so that the problem of poor ventilation and low oxygen supply can not be obtained, and the problem of low ventilation and low flammulina velutipes can be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws, which aims to solve the problem that the existing flammulina velutipes cultivation method cannot obtain high-quality flammulina velutipes.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of potato starch residues, 100-120 parts of soybean straw, 80-100 parts of corn straw, 6-10 parts of functional components, 10-20 parts of wood chips, 1-3 parts of light calcium carbonate and 5-10 parts of wheat bran; stirring the raw materials in a stirrer for 10min to obtain a mixture, adding water accounting for 60% of the mass of the mixture, and stirring for 20-30min to obtain a culture medium;
step two, filling the culture medium into a culture bottle, performing high-pressure sterilization, cooling, inoculating flammulina velutipes strains in a sterile environment, transferring the inoculated culture bottle into a culture room, controlling the temperature of the culture room at 17 ℃, controlling the relative air humidity at 65%, and culturing for 20-22 days in a dark place; when the stipe grows to 15-17cm and the diameter of the mushroom cover is 0.8-1.2cm, harvesting.
Further, the functional component is prepared by the following steps:
s1, adding ammonia water solution and polyethylene glycol into a calcium chloride solution, placing the calcium chloride solution on a magnetic stirrer, stirring for 20-30min at 400-600r/min, then dropwise adding a hydrogen peroxide solution, stirring for 2-3min after the dropwise adding is finished, adding pretreated zeolite, continuously stirring for 2h, centrifuging, washing the precipitate with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, and drying at 85 ℃ until the weight is constant to obtain a zeolite-based composite material;
s2, dissolving chitosan in 10wt% acetic acid solution, transferring the solution to a three-neck flask, adding acrylamide, heating to 60-80 ℃ under stirring, dropwise adding glutaraldehyde solution under nitrogen protection, reacting for 15min under heat preservation, adding neutralized acrylic acid solution, stirring uniformly, adding ammonium persulfate and N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide, and reacting for 30min under stirring at 75 ℃ to obtain coating liquid;
s3, placing the zeolite-based composite material in a rotary drum, preheating to 75 ℃, spraying coating liquid on the surface of the zeolite-based composite material by using a spray gun at the rotating speed of 100-300r/min, and drying the obtained product to constant weight at 90 ℃ to obtain the functional component.
The flammulina velutipes belongs to aerobics, the requirement on oxygen is not strict in the mycelium growth stage, enough oxygen is needed in the fruiting body formation stage, and in the prior art, bag or bottle culture is adopted in flammulina velutipes culture, so that air flowability is poor and oxygen content is insufficient.
Further, the dosage ratio of the calcium chloride solution, the ammonia water solution, the polyethylene glycol, the hydrogen peroxide solution and the pretreated zeolite in the S1 is 35-40mL:30-40mL:12-15mL:15mL:8-10g, wherein the calcium chloride solution is calcium chloride water solution with the concentration of 0.91mol/L, the mass fraction of ammonia water is 25%, and the hydrogen peroxide solution is 30%.
Further, the dosage ratio of chitosan, acrylamide, glutaraldehyde solution, neutralized acrylic acid solution, ammonium persulfate and N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide in S2 is 2g:2g:10-15mL:100mL:0.1-0.2g:0.2-0.5g, wherein the acrylic acid solution is neutralized to an acrylic acid solution with the pH adjusted to 6.5 by 10wt% of sodium hydroxide solution, and the dosage ratio of chitosan to acetic acid solution is 1g:10-15mL, and the mass fraction of glutaraldehyde solution is 5%.
Further, the mass ratio of the zeolite-based composite material to the coating liquid in the S3 is 100:5-10.
Further, the pretreated zeolite is prepared by the steps of:
soaking natural clinoptilolite in 1mol/L nitric acid solution for 10-12h, filtering, washing a filter cake with deionized water for 3-5 times, and drying in a 100 ℃ oven to obtain pretreated zeolite, wherein the dosage ratio of the natural clinoptilolite to the nitric acid solution is 1g:10mL of the soluble impurities in the natural clinoptilolite were removed by nitric acid solution.
Further, the length of the soybean straw and the corn straw is 1-6mm.
Further, the specification of the culture flask is phi 80mm multiplied by 160mm, the bottling amount of the culture medium is 1000-1020g, and the inoculation amount of the flammulina velutipes strain is 30 g/flask.
Further, the autoclaving conditions were: sterilizing at 121deg.C under 0.15MPa for 2-4 hr.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws, which takes potato starch residues, soybean straws, corn straws, functional components, wood chips, light calcium carbonate and wheat bran as raw materials to prepare a culture medium, wherein the soybean straws and the corn straws can meet the requirement of flammulina velutipes on carbon sources for growth, and the potato starch residues provide nutrients such as cellulose, carbon sources, nitrogen sources and the like required by flammulina velutipes growth, so that the flammulina velutipes obtained by culture is high in yield and good in quality.
2. According to the invention, functional components are introduced into a culture medium, wherein the functional components are zeolite loaded with calcium peroxide inside and chitosan grafted polyacrylamide coating liquid outside, the zeolite is rich in potassium elements and trace elements, the calcium peroxide can be decomposed to generate oxygen, and the polyacrylamide has a water-retaining function, so that the functional components can slowly release oxygen in the nutrient medium, effectively preserve moisture, provide a favorable environment for the growth of flammulina velutipes, and can provide mineral elements (phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and the like) for the growth of flammulina velutipes, promote the positive growth of flammulina velutipes, achieve the purpose of increasing yield and income, and more prominently, the chitosan in the coating liquid can induce the biosynthesis of arginine and lysine, and provide the quality of flammulina velutipes.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a functional component, which is prepared by the following steps:
s1, adding 30mL of ammonia water solution and 12mL of polyethylene glycol into 35mL of calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 0.91mol/L, placing the mixture on a magnetic stirrer, stirring for 20min at 400r/min, then dropwise adding 15mL of hydrogen peroxide solution, stirring for 2min after the dropwise adding is finished, adding 8g of pretreated zeolite, continuing stirring for 2h, centrifuging, washing the precipitate with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, and drying the precipitate to constant weight at 85 ℃ to obtain a zeolite-based composite material, wherein the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 25% and the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 30%;
s2, dissolving 2g of chitosan in 20mL of 10wt% acetic acid solution, transferring to a three-neck flask, adding 2g of acrylamide, heating to 60 ℃ under stirring, dropwise adding 20mL of glutaraldehyde solution under nitrogen protection, reacting for 15min under heat preservation, adding 100mL of neutralizing acrylic acid solution, stirring uniformly, adding 0.1g of ammonium persulfate and 0.2g of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, reacting for 30min under stirring at 75 ℃ to obtain coating liquid, wherein the neutralizing acrylic acid solution is an acrylic acid solution with pH value adjusted to 6.5 by 10wt% of sodium hydroxide solution, and the mass fraction of glutaraldehyde solution is 5%;
s3, placing 100g of zeolite-based composite material in a rotary drum, preheating to 75 ℃, spraying coating liquid on 5g of the surface of the zeolite-based composite material by using a spray gun at the rotating speed of 100r/min, and drying the obtained product to constant weight at 90 ℃ to obtain the functional component.
The pretreated zeolite is prepared by the steps of:
10g of natural clinoptilolite is soaked in 100mL of 1mol/L nitric acid solution for 10h, filtered, and the filter cake is dried in a 100 ℃ oven after being washed 3 times with deionized water, so as to obtain the pretreated zeolite.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a functional component, which is prepared by the following steps:
s1, adding 40mL of ammonia water solution and 15mL of polyethylene glycol into 40mL of calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 0.91mol/L, placing the mixture on a magnetic stirrer, stirring for 30min at 600r/min, then dropwise adding 15mL of hydrogen peroxide solution, stirring for 3min after the dropwise adding is finished, adding 10g of pretreated zeolite, continuing stirring for 2h, centrifuging, washing the precipitate with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, and drying the precipitate to constant weight at 85 ℃ to obtain a zeolite-based composite material, wherein the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 25% and the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 30%;
s2, dissolving 2g of chitosan in 30mL of 10wt% acetic acid solution, transferring to a three-neck flask, adding 2g of acrylamide, heating to 80 ℃ under stirring, dropwise adding 30mL of glutaraldehyde solution under nitrogen protection, reacting for 15min under heat preservation, adding 100mL of neutralizing acrylic acid solution, stirring uniformly, adding 0.2g of ammonium persulfate and 0.5g of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, reacting for 30min under stirring at 75 ℃ to obtain coating liquid, wherein the neutralizing acrylic acid solution is an acrylic acid solution with pH value adjusted to 6.5 by 10wt% of sodium hydroxide solution, and the mass fraction of glutaraldehyde solution is 5%;
s3, placing 100g of zeolite-based composite material in a rotary drum, preheating to 75 ℃, spraying coating liquid on 10g of the surface of the zeolite-based composite material by using a spray gun at the rotating speed of 300r/min, and drying the obtained product to constant weight at 90 ℃ to obtain the functional component.
The pretreated zeolite is prepared by the steps of:
10g of natural clinoptilolite is soaked in 100mL of 1mol/L nitric acid solution for 12h, filtered, and the filter cake is dried in a 100 ℃ oven after being washed 5 times with deionized water, so as to obtain the pretreated zeolite.
Example 3
A method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of potato starch residues, 100 parts of soybean straws, 80 parts of corn straws, 6 parts of functional components of the embodiment 1, 10 parts of wood chips, 1 part of light calcium carbonate and 5 parts of wheat bran; stirring the raw materials in a stirrer for 10min to obtain a mixture, adding water accounting for 60% of the mass of the mixture, and stirring for 20min to obtain a culture medium;
step two, filling the culture medium into a culture bottle, performing high-pressure sterilization, cooling, inoculating flammulina velutipes strains in a sterile environment, transferring the inoculated culture bottle into a culture room, controlling the temperature of the culture room at 17 ℃, controlling the relative air humidity at 65%, and culturing for 20 days in a dark place; when the stipe grows to 15-17cm and the diameter of the mushroom cover is 0.8-1.2cm, harvesting.
Wherein, the length of the soybean straw and the corn straw is 1-6mm, the specification of the culture bottle is phi 80mm multiplied by 160mm, the bottling amount of the culture medium is 1000g, the inoculation amount of the flammulina velutipes strain is 30 g/bottle, and the high-pressure sterilization condition is as follows: sterilizing at 121 deg.c and 0.15MPa for 2 hr.
Example 4
A method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of potato starch residues, 110 parts of soybean straws, 90 parts of corn straws, 8 parts of functional components of the embodiment 1, 15 parts of wood chips, 2 parts of light calcium carbonate and 8 parts of wheat bran; stirring the raw materials in a stirrer for 10min to obtain a mixture, adding water accounting for 60% of the mass of the mixture, and stirring for 25min to obtain a culture medium;
step two, filling the culture medium into a culture bottle, performing high-pressure sterilization, cooling, inoculating flammulina velutipes strains in a sterile environment, transferring the inoculated culture bottle into a culture room, controlling the temperature of the culture room at 17 ℃, controlling the relative air humidity at 65%, and culturing for 21 days in a dark place; when the stipe grows to 15-17cm and the diameter of the mushroom cover is 0.8-1.2cm, harvesting.
Wherein, the length of the soybean straw and the corn straw is 1-6mm, the specification of the culture bottle is phi 80mm multiplied by 160mm, the bottling amount of the culture medium is 1020g, the inoculation amount of the flammulina velutipes strain is 30 g/bottle, and the high-pressure sterilization condition is as follows: sterilizing at 121 deg.c under 0.15MPa for 3 hr.
Example 5
A method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of potato starch residues, 120 parts of soybean straw, 100 parts of corn straw, 10 parts of functional components of example 2, 20 parts of wood chips, 3 parts of light calcium carbonate and 10 parts of wheat bran; stirring the raw materials in a stirrer for 10min to obtain a mixture, adding water accounting for 60% of the mass of the mixture, and stirring for 30min to obtain a culture medium;
step two, filling the culture medium into a culture bottle, performing high-pressure sterilization, cooling, inoculating flammulina velutipes strains in a sterile environment, transferring the inoculated culture bottle into a culture room, controlling the temperature of the culture room at 17 ℃, controlling the relative air humidity at 65%, and culturing for 22 days in a dark place; when the stipe grows to 15-17cm and the diameter of the mushroom cover is 0.8-1.2cm, harvesting.
Wherein, the length of the soybean straw and the corn straw is 1-6mm, the specification of the culture bottle is phi 80mm multiplied by 160mm, the bottling amount of the culture medium is 1020g, the inoculation amount of the flammulina velutipes strain is 30 g/bottle, and the high-pressure sterilization condition is as follows: sterilizing at 121 deg.c under 0.15MPa for 4 hr.
Comparative example 1
Compared with example 3, the functional component in example 3 is replaced by the zeolite-based composite material obtained in step S1 of example 1, and the rest of raw materials and preparation process are the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 2
In comparison with example 3, the functional components of example 3 were replaced by natural clinoptilolite, and the rest of the raw materials and the preparation process were the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 3
In comparison with example 3, the functional components of example 3 were removed, and the remaining raw materials and the preparation process were the same as in example 3.
The flammulina velutipes nutrient composition obtained in the examples 3-5 and the comparative examples 1-3 is detected by the following specific method: protein is measured by GB/T5009.5-2010; fat was determined using GB/T5009.6-2003; the crude fiber is measured by GB/T5009.10-2003; phosphorus was measured using GB 5009.87-2016; each treatment was assayed 3 times, averaged, and hypha growth and fresh flammulina velutipes yield were observed and recorded, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with comparative examples 1, 2 and 3, the flammulina velutipes obtained in examples 3, 4 and 5 have high yield, high growth rate, high nutritive value and good quality.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of potato starch residues, 100-120 parts of soybean straw, 80-100 parts of corn straw, 6-10 parts of functional components, 10-20 parts of wood chips, 1-3 parts of light calcium carbonate and 5-10 parts of wheat bran; stirring the raw materials in a stirrer for 10min to obtain a mixture, adding water accounting for 60% of the mass of the mixture, and stirring for 20-30min to obtain a culture medium;
step two, filling the culture medium into a culture bottle, performing high-pressure sterilization, cooling, inoculating flammulina velutipes strains in a sterile environment, transferring the inoculated culture bottle into a culture room, controlling the temperature of the culture room at 17 ℃, controlling the relative air humidity at 65%, and culturing for 20-22 days in a dark place; when the stipe grows to 15-17cm and the diameter of the mushroom cover is 0.8-1.2cm, harvesting.
2. The method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws according to claim 1, wherein the functional components are prepared by the following steps:
placing the zeolite-based composite material in a rotary drum, preheating to 75 ℃, spraying coating liquid on the surface of the zeolite-based composite material by using a spray gun at the rotating speed of 100-300r/min, and drying the obtained product to constant weight at 90 ℃ to obtain the functional component.
3. The method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the zeolite-based composite material to the coating liquid is 100:5-10.
4. The method for cultivating flammulina velutipes with crop straw as claimed in claim 2, wherein the zeolite-based composite material is prepared by the steps of:
adding ammonia water solution and polyethylene glycol into the calcium chloride solution, placing the mixture on a magnetic stirrer, stirring the mixture for 20-30min at 400-600r/min, then dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide solution, stirring the mixture for 2-3min after the dropwise adding is finished, adding pretreated zeolite, continuously stirring the mixture for 2h, centrifuging the mixture, washing the precipitate with deionized water until the washing solution is neutral, and drying the precipitate at 85 ℃ until the weight is constant, thus obtaining the zeolite-based composite material.
5. The method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws as claimed in claim 4, wherein the dosage ratio of the calcium chloride solution, the ammonia water solution, the polyethylene glycol, the hydrogen peroxide solution and the pretreated zeolite is 35-40mL:30-40mL:12-15mL:15mL:8-10g, wherein the calcium chloride solution is calcium chloride water solution with the concentration of 0.91mol/L, the mass fraction of ammonia water is 25%, and the hydrogen peroxide solution is 30%.
6. The method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws as claimed in claim 2, wherein the coating liquid is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving chitosan in 10wt% acetic acid solution, transferring to a three-neck flask, adding acrylamide, heating to 60-80 ℃ under stirring, dropwise adding glutaraldehyde solution under nitrogen protection, reacting for 15min under heat preservation, adding neutralizing acrylic acid solution, stirring uniformly, adding ammonium persulfate and N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide, and reacting for 30min under stirring at 75 ℃.
7. The method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws as claimed in claim 6, wherein the dosage ratio of chitosan, acrylamide, glutaraldehyde solution, neutralized acrylic acid solution, ammonium persulfate and N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide is 2g:2g:10-15mL:100mL:0.1-0.2g:0.2-0.5g, wherein the acrylic acid solution is neutralized to an acrylic acid solution with the pH adjusted to 6.5 by 10wt% of sodium hydroxide solution, and the dosage ratio of chitosan to acetic acid solution is 1g:10-15mL, and the mass fraction of glutaraldehyde solution is 5%.
8. The method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the soybean straw and the corn straw is 1-6mm.
9. The method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using crop straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the autoclaving conditions are as follows: sterilizing at 121deg.C under 0.15MPa for 2-4 hr.
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