CN116784173A

CN116784173A - Tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation

Info

Publication number: CN116784173A
Application number: CN202211566194.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄有存; 余惠英
Original assignee: Trfc Biological Technology Fujian Co ltd
Current assignee: Trfc Biological Technology Fujian Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-12-07
Filing date: 2022-12-07
Publication date: 2023-09-22

Abstract

The invention discloses a tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation, which relates to the technical field of tremella cultivation and is technically characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 25-35% of cotton seed hulls, 40-50% of wood chips, 10-20% of lotus seed hulls, 8-15% of bran, 1-1.5% of lime and 0.8-1.2% of active auxiliary materials; the active auxiliary materials are prepared from the following components, by mass, 5-10 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5-10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8-15 parts of bran, 30-40 parts of soybean meal, 8-15 parts of corn flour and 20-30 parts of corn gluten meal. The scheme provides the tremella culture medium and combines the advantages of simply using cotton seed hulls to cultivate tremella and using wood chips to cultivate tremella, and the cultivated tremella has the advantages of high yield and rich nutrition, and in addition, the scheme also solves the problem that extracellular enzyme activity of tremella cultivated by wood chips in the prior art is gradually reduced.

Description

Tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tremella cultivation, in particular to a tremella cultivation matrix for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation.

Background

Tremella Tremel lafuciformis is a favorite tonic for people in China, and is considered by medical staff in the past to have the functions of nourishing yang and tonifying kidney, moistening lung and relieving cough, harmonizing stomach and moistening intestine, tonifying qi and blood, nourishing brain and refreshing, strengthening body and tendons, tendering skin and beautifying and prolonging life. The tremella is an edible fungus with high economic value, and is a medicinal fungus with a long-standing name in Chinese medicine. Tremella is extremely widely distributed throughout the world, mainly produced in china, japan, copa, united states, brazil, etc. Among them, the "tremella in the river" and the "Gu Tian tremella" in the Fujian are the best known. The tremella bag material cultivation yield in Fujian Gutian county is first nationwide, and the tremella cultivated in Tilia Miqueliana Maxim county in Sichuan Tongjiang county is first nationwide.

The artificial tremella cultivated in China starts from the beginning of the light end for twenty years (1894), and has been 100 years old. In the past, tremella production was in a semi-wild state, i.e. trees were cut down and inoculated with natural spores. In 1941, yang Xinmei uses tremella fruiting body to carry out basidiospore ejection separation, and pure tremella strain is obtained for the first time at home and abroad. In long-term cultivation practice, a fungus that grows concomitantly with tremella, called "xianggu fungus", has been found to be related to tremella yield. The first separation of mixed tremella and coriolus versicolor in 1959 at Chen Meipeng. Spring strains of tremella and coriolus versicolor were isolated from the Fujian Sanming fungus institute in 1962. The cultivation on basswood at the research site of Fujian Sanming fungus in 1968 is successful. The tremella strain is formally supplied in 1971, and is mainly applied to basswood cultivation. In 1977, the wood chip bottle of Gu Tian county Yao Shuxian of Fujian province successfully cultivates tremella, the unit yield is greatly improved, and tremella enters the commercial production stage. The horizontal cultivation of Gu Tianxian Dai Weihao sawdust bags in Fujian province in 1977-1978 is successful and is rapidly accepted by broad mushroom farmers. In 1983, the test of cultivating tremella by introducing cotton seed hulls in Gu Tian is successful, the yield is increased by 40% -60%, and from this, the cotton seed hulls replace wood dust as main material for cultivating tremella, and tremella production has taken an industrialization way. The tremella cultivated by using wood chips as the culture medium and the tremella cultivated by using cotton seed hulls as the culture medium have advantages. Cultivating tremella by using wood chips: small pedicle, high edible rate, good opening degree of the ear piece, crisp texture, high nutritive value, but relatively low yield. Cultivating tremella by using cotton seed hulls: the taste is more glutinous, the pedicel is big, the yield is high, but the taste and the nutrition value are not as good as that of wood chip cultivation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides a tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation, which can combine the advantages of tremella cultivation by cotton seed hulls and tremella cultivation by wood chips to cultivate tremella with high edible rate, high nutritive value, good taste and high yield, improve the yield of tremella, the content of crude polysaccharide and mineral substances and reduce the heavy metal content.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-35 parts of cotton seed hulls, 40-50 parts of wood chips, 10-20 parts of lotus seed hulls, 8-15 parts of bran, 1-1.5 parts of lime and 0.8-1.2 parts of active auxiliary materials. By adding the cotton seed hulls, the lotus seed hulls and the wood chips in a certain proportion, the cotton seed hulls and the lotus seed hulls are easily degraded and absorbed by tremella mycelia and incense ash mycelia in the tremella cultivation process, the mycelia are thick and strong in the nutrition stage, the air permeability is good, and the cotton seed hulls and the lotus seed hulls contain rich proteins, group fibers and mineral substances, so that the requirements of nutrition and reproduction for nitrogen can be met; because tremella is wood rot fungi, the tremella has high requirements on woodiness, and wood dust can ensure the nutritive value of tremella; lime is convenient for adjusting the pH value of the culture medium, and the active auxiliary materials can improve the quantity and activity of extracellular enzymes, so that the yield and quality of wood rot fungi are improved, and the yield and quality of tremella are improved.

Preferably, the tremella culture medium is prepared by the following method:

step 1, carrying out preliminary treatment on cotton seed hulls, lotus seed hulls and wood chips, carrying out preliminary treatment on the raw materials into proper specifications, and grasping the quality of the raw materials so as to ensure the preparation of subsequent matrixes and the quality of final products.

And 2, fully mixing the cotton seed hulls, the lotus seed hulls and the wood chips, adding lime and active auxiliary materials for mixing, and adding water to prepare the tremella cultivation medium. The components with smaller specification difference are fully mixed firstly, then the finer lime and the active auxiliary materials are added and then fully mixed again, the mixing is more uniform, and the nutrition of the subsequent culture medium is more balanced.

More preferably, in the step 1, the lotus seed shells and the sawdust are processed into small and small sawdust smaller than 0.8 cm, and the small sawdust is dried to the moisture content of 12% -17%; in the step 2, the water content is added to the tremella culture medium, and the water content is 55% -60%. The culture medium has proper raw material size and proper water content, is more suitable for hypha growth and nutrition conversion, and has the defect that the bag is possibly cut due to oversized raw material, and is not beneficial to hypha decomposition.

Preferably, the active auxiliary materials are prepared from the following components, by mass, 5-10 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5-10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8-15 parts of bran, 30-40 parts of soybean meal, 8-15 parts of corn flour and 20-30 parts of corn gluten meal. The main component of potassium humate is humic acid, and the humic acid has promotion effect on yield and activity of wood rot fungi extracellular enzyme; phosphorus and potassium in dipotassium hydrogen phosphate are key factors of inorganic salts of edible fungi, participate in regulation and control in the whole process of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate is alkaline, and plays a role in regulating and controlling pH in the component; magnesium and sulfur in the magnesium sulfate are also components of inorganic salt of edible fungi, the magnesium has a promoting effect on extracellular enzymes, and the sulfur can participate in the synthesis of amino acids; the bran is rich in crude protein and saccharide organic matters, and has promotion effect on the yield and activity of extracellular enzymes; the soybean meal is rich in crude protein, the amino acid structure of the soybean meal is close to that of wood rot fungi, and the effect of hydrolytic enzyme on lignin decomposition enzyme-laccase is particularly remarkable; the corn flour is rich in crude protein and sugar organic matters, the corn protein flour is rich in crude protein, and the corn flour and the corn protein flour have very obvious promotion effect on the yield and activity of extracellular enzymes, in particular to extracellular lignin enzymes, cellulases and hemicellulases.

Preferably, the active auxiliary material is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:

step 1, preparing soybean meal hydrolysate: adding soybean meal and water into a reaction kettle, regulating pH to be alkaline, then adding plant proteolytic enzyme, reacting to obtain soybean meal hydrolysate, filtering for standby, and decomposing crude protein rich in the soybean meal by the plant proteolytic enzyme under alkaline conditions, thereby being beneficial to the activity improvement and yield improvement of subsequent lignin decomposing enzyme.

More preferably, in step 1, the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the water is 1:8.5-9.5, the pH is adjusted to 7.5-9.5 by sodium hydroxide, the addition amount of the plant hydrolytic protease is 2% -2.5% of the weight of the soybean meal, the activity of the plant hydrolytic protease is high under the condition that the pH is 7.5-9.5, the hydrolytic efficiency is optimal, the addition amount of the plant hydrolytic protease is proper, the excessive cost is high, and the insufficient fermentation hydrolysis is possible.

More preferably, in step 1, the reaction temperature is 50-60 ℃ and the reaction time is 10-16h, and the plant hydrolytic protease is combined with proper temperature and reaction time, so that the hydrolysis of protein in the soybean meal can be further fully catalyzed.

Step 2, preparing wheat bran, corn gluten meal and corn meal hydrolysate: respectively adding bran, corn flour and corn protein powder into a reaction kettle according to a proportion, adding water into the reaction kettle, adjusting the pH value to be acidic, adding acid protease, obtaining hydrolysis liquid of the bran, the corn protein powder and the corn powder after reaction, filtering for standby, reacting the acid protease with the bran, the corn flour and the corn protein powder under an acidic condition, wherein the bran and the corn flour are rich in carbohydrate organic matters, the corn protein powder is rich in crude protein, and the yield and the activity of extracellular enzymes can be obviously improved by the hydrolysate generated after hydrolysis.

Preferably, in the step 2, the added water amount is 8 times of the total mass of the bran, the corn flour and the corn gluten meal; adjusting the pH to 3.5-5.5 by dilute sulfuric acid; the addition of the acid protease is 1% -1.5% of the total weight of the bran, the corn and the corn gluten meal, the addition of the bran, the corn meal and the corn gluten meal basically keeps the content of sugar organics and crude protein on the same level, on one hand, the yield and the activity of various extracellular enzymes are improved, further, the yield and the quality of a final product can be ensured, and secondly, the acid protease can only play an excellent role in hydrolysis after reacting at a proper pH value, and the addition of the acid protease is proper to avoid waste while ensuring the hydrolysis speed.

More preferably, in the step 2, the reaction temperature is 45-55 ℃ and the reaction time is 10h, so that the acid protease can further fully decompose sugar organic matters and crude proteins in bran, corn flour and corn gluten meal under the proper temperature and reaction time.

And 3, adding the soybean meal hydrolysate, the bran, the corn gluten meal and the corn meal hydrolysate into a reaction kettle for mixing, adding the potassium humate, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the magnesium sulfate, mixing and stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, and reacting to obtain a reaction solution, wherein the reaction solution is rich in polysaccharide, protein, peptide, amino acid, mineral substances, vitamins and various active factors.

More preferably, in the step 3, the volume ratio of the soybean meal hydrolysate to the wheat bran, the corn gluten meal and the corn meal hydrolysate is 2-2.5:3-3.5, the pH is regulated to 5.5-7.5, the reaction temperature is 45-55 ℃, and the reaction time is 30-40min.

And 4, concentrating and drying the reaction liquid obtained in the step 3 to obtain the active auxiliary material.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this scheme: 1. according to the invention, cotton seed hulls, wood chips, lotus seed hulls, bran, lime and active auxiliary materials are added in a specific proportion, and the proportion of each component is synthesized, so that the culture medium provided by the scheme is improved by 14% compared with tremella polysaccharide cultivated by pure cotton seed hulls, and the mineral content is improved by 15% -25%; the content of heavy metal lead is reduced by more than 20%, the yield is improved by 14%, and the quality taste, the quality and the nutritional value are obviously better than those of pure cotton seed shells. 2. The active auxiliary materials are used for remarkably improving the activity of wood rot fungi by cooperating with bean pulp, bran, corn flour, corn protein powder, potassium humate, magnesium sulfate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, so that the cellulose conversion rate of lignin and macromolecules in wood dust is improved, and the wood dust content in the scheme is higher than that in the traditional tremella matrix, so that the nutritional value of tremella products is improved.

Detailed Description

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a further detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be provided below, with the understanding that the present invention is described in some, but not all, embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.

Examples 1-3 are methods for preparing the active auxiliary materials in the scheme

Example 1

The preparation method of the active auxiliary material comprises the following steps:

step one, preparing bean pulp hydrolysate, and purchasing raw materials: selecting fresh mildew-free soybean meal, sodium hydroxide and plant hydrolytic protease (activity 200000U/ml, wherein the main component is papain), and preparing: 30 parts of soybean meal is crushed into particles with the size of 1cm, the soybean meal and water are added into a reaction kettle together according to the mass ratio of 1:9, the pH value is regulated to 8 by sodium hydroxide, then plant hydrolytic protease accounting for 2% of the weight of the soybean meal is added, the temperature of the reaction kettle is controlled at 55 ℃, the reaction time is 13 hours, soybean meal hydrolytic liquid is obtained, and the soybean meal hydrolytic liquid is filtered for standby.

Step two, preparing bran, corn protein powder and corn powder hydrolysate, and selecting fresh mildew-free bran, corn protein powder, dilute sulfuric acid and acid protease (activity 200000U/ml) as raw materials. Preparation: respectively crushing bran and corn into particles with the size of 1cm, adding 10 parts of the crushed bran, 10 parts of corn flour and 20 parts of corn gluten meal into a reaction kettle, and simultaneously adding water into the reaction kettle, wherein the mass ratio of the total mass of the bran to the water is 1:8, regulating the pH value to 4.5 by dilute sulfuric acid, adding acid protease accounting for 1% of the total weight of the bran, the corn meal and the corn protein powder, controlling the temperature of a reaction kettle at 50 ℃ and reacting for 10 hours to obtain hydrolysate of the bran, the corn protein powder and the corn meal, and filtering for later use.

And thirdly, respectively taking 2 parts by volume of soybean meal hydrolysate and 3 parts by volume of bran, corn gluten meal and corn meal hydrolysate, adding 6 parts of potassium humate, 15 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 9 parts of magnesium sulfate into a reaction kettle, stirring until the materials are completely dissolved, controlling the pH value to be 6.5, and reacting for 35 minutes at 50 ℃ to obtain a reaction solution.

And step four, concentrating and drying the reaction liquid obtained in the step three by using a triple-effect concentrating evaporator, a drying tower and a cyclone separator to obtain the active auxiliary material.

Example 2

step one, preparing bean pulp hydrolysate, and purchasing raw materials: selecting fresh mildew-free soybean meal, sodium hydroxide and plant hydrolytic protease (activity 200000U/ml, wherein the main component is papain), and preparing: crushing 34 parts of soybean meal into particles with the size of 0.05cm, respectively adding the soybean meal and water into a reaction kettle according to the mass ratio of 1:9, adjusting the pH value to 7.5 by using sodium hydroxide, then adding plant hydrolytic protease accounting for 2.5% of the weight of the soybean meal, controlling the temperature of the reaction kettle at 50 ℃, reacting for 10 hours to obtain soybean meal hydrolysate, and filtering for later use.

Step two, preparing bran, corn protein powder and corn powder hydrolysate, and selecting fresh mildew-free bran, corn protein powder, dilute sulfuric acid and acid protease (activity 200000U/ml) as raw materials. Preparation: respectively crushing bran and corn into particles with the size of 1cm, adding 8 parts of the crushed bran, 8 parts of corn flour and 30 parts of corn gluten meal into a reaction kettle, and simultaneously adding water into the reaction kettle, wherein the mass ratio of the total mass of the bran to the corn to the water is 1:8, regulating the pH value to 5.5 by dilute sulfuric acid, adding acid protease accounting for 1.5 percent of the total weight of the bran, the corn flour and the corn protein powder, controlling the temperature of a reaction kettle at 55 ℃ and reacting for 10 hours to obtain hydrolysate of the bran, the corn protein powder and the corn flour, and filtering for later use.

And thirdly, respectively taking 2 parts by volume of soybean meal hydrolysate and 3 parts by volume of bran, corn gluten meal and corn meal hydrolysate, adding 5 parts of potassium humate, 10 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 5 parts of magnesium sulfate into a reaction kettle, stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, controlling the pH value to be 6.5, and reacting for 40 minutes at 55 ℃ to obtain a reaction solution.

Example 3

step one, preparing bean pulp hydrolysate, and purchasing raw materials: selecting fresh mildew-free soybean meal, sodium hydroxide and plant hydrolytic protease (activity 200000U/ml, wherein the main component is papain), and preparing: crushing 40 parts of soybean meal into particles with the size of 0.5cm, respectively adding the soybean meal and water into a reaction kettle according to the mass ratio of 1:9, adjusting the pH value to 9.5 by using sodium hydroxide, then adding plant hydrolytic protease accounting for 2.5% of the weight of the soybean meal, controlling the temperature of the reaction kettle at 60 ℃, reacting for 16 hours to obtain soybean meal hydrolysate, and filtering for later use.

Step two, preparing bran, corn protein powder and corn powder hydrolysate, and selecting fresh mildew-free bran, corn protein powder, dilute sulfuric acid and acid protease (activity 200000U/ml) as raw materials. Preparation: respectively crushing bran and corn into particles with the size of 0.5cm, adding 15 parts of the crushed bran, 8 parts of corn flour and 25 parts of corn gluten meal into a reaction kettle, and simultaneously adding water into the reaction kettle, wherein the mass ratio of the total mass of the bran to the corn to the water is 1:8, regulating the pH value to 3.5 by dilute sulfuric acid, adding acid protease accounting for 1.5 percent of the total weight of the bran, the corn flour and the corn protein powder, controlling the temperature of a reaction kettle at 45 ℃ and reacting for 10 hours to obtain hydrolysate of the bran, the corn protein powder and the corn flour, and filtering for later use.

And thirdly, respectively taking 2 parts by volume of soybean meal hydrolysate and 3 parts by volume of bran, corn gluten meal and corn meal hydrolysate, adding 10 parts of potassium humate, 10 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 12 parts of magnesium sulfate of corresponding components into a reaction kettle, stirring until the components are completely dissolved, controlling the pH value between 5.5, and reacting for 30 minutes at 45 ℃ to obtain a reaction solution.

Comparative example 1

step one, preparing bean pulp hydrolysate, and purchasing raw materials: fresh and mildew-free soybean meal, sodium hydroxide and plant hydrolytic protease (activity 200000U/ml, main components of papain and protease). Preparation: 60 parts of soybean meal is crushed into particles with the size of 1cm, the particles and water are added into a reaction kettle respectively according to the mass ratio of 1:9, the pH value is regulated to 8 by dilute sulfuric acid, then plant proteolytic enzyme accounting for 2% of the weight of the soybean meal is added, the temperature of the reaction kettle is controlled to 55 ℃, the reaction time is 12 hours, soybean meal hydrolysate is obtained, the non-enzymatic hydrolysis part is filtered, and the filtrate is reserved.

And step two, adding 1 part by volume of soybean meal hydrolysate into a reaction kettle, adding 13 parts of potassium humate, 17 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, controlling the pH value at 7, and reacting for 35 minutes at 50 ℃ to obtain a reaction solution.

And thirdly, concentrating and drying the reaction liquid obtained in the second step by using a three-effect concentrating evaporator, a drying tower and a cyclone separator to obtain the active auxiliary material.

Experimental examples 1-3: method for cultivating tremella by using tremella culture medium provided by the scheme

Experimental example 1

The method for cultivating tremella by using tremella culture medium comprises the following steps:

step one, pouring 560 jin of cotton seed hulls, 250 jin of lotus seed hulls, 650 jin of wood dust and 160 jin of wheat bran into a horizontal spiral ribbon mixer for uniform mixing, sequentially adding 16 jin of lime and 16 jin of active auxiliary materials for uniform mixing, and then adding 1800 jin of water until the water content of the substrate reaches 55%, and continuously and fully uniformly mixing to prepare a tremella culture substrate;

step two, filling the prepared tremella culture medium into a culture bag, punching holes according to fungus sticks, and then attaching special adhesive tapes to the punched positions of the fungus sticks;

step three, sterilizing, namely sterilizing by adopting a 110 ℃ professional automatic sterilizing cabinet in view of the fact that the outer film of the bagged fungus stick is made of polypropylene material, and preserving heat for 10 hours after the temperature reaches 110 ℃ after cold air is emptied, so that a sterilizing effect can be achieved;

step four, cooling, namely sending the fungus sticks into a pre-cooling chamber and a forced cooling chamber to be cooled after sterilization, cooling the center temperature of the fungus sticks to about 20 ℃ by utilizing cold air, firstly sending the fungus sticks into the pre-cooling chamber, starting the cold machine, cooling for 15 hours to reduce the temperature in the pre-cooling chamber to about 35 ℃, sending the fungus sticks into the forced cooling chamber, starting the cold machine, cooling for 10 hours, and reducing the temperature in the forced cooling chamber to about 20 ℃, wherein the center temperature of the fungus sticks is reduced to 25 ℃ to prepare for inoculation;

step five, the cooled fungus sticks are sent into a buffer room for sterilization, and the sterilized fungus sticks are sent into a sterile room for inoculation according to a sterile operation rule;

step six, culturing the bacteria, namely, delivering the inoculated bacteria sticks into a special bacteria culturing room for culturing the bacteria, wherein the culturing conditions at each stage are as follows: 1-3 days, controlling the temperature in a fungus culturing room at 23-25 ℃ and the humidity value at 55-70% RH in the mycelium germination period; the humidity value is controlled to 55-70% RH, and the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled to 2500-3200ppm in 4-8 days; the humidity value is controlled to be 55-70% RH and the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled to be 2500-3200ppm after 9-13 days; the temperature is controlled between 22 and 25 ℃;13-14 days, delivering the fungus sticks into a fruiting room; 15-18 days, mycelium begins to be fully covered with fungus bags, the humidity value is controlled at 55-70% RH, the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled at 2500-3200ppm, and the temperature is controlled at 22-25 ℃; cutting film, flaring, controlling humidity at 55-70% RH, carbon dioxide concentration at 2500-3200ppm, and temperature at 22-25deg.C; forming primordia in 22-25 days, controlling humidity value at 90-95% RH, carbon dioxide concentration at 2500-3200ppm, and temperature at 22-25deg.C; differentiating ear teeth for 26-30 days, starting to grow ear flakes, controlling humidity at 90-95% RH, carbon dioxide concentration at 2500-3200ppm, and ventilating at 20-24deg.C for 2-3 times per day for 60-80 min each time; 31-39 days, rapidly expanding growth period of ear piece, controlling humidity value at 90-95% RH, carbon dioxide concentration at 2500-3200ppm, controlling temperature at 22-25deg.C, and ventilating for 3-4 times per day for 20-30 min each time; stopping spraying water in the key period of nutritional transformation of the fungus stick for 40-43 days to ensure complete nutritional transformation of the fungus stick, controlling the humidity value at 70-80% RH, the carbon dioxide concentration at 2500-3200ppm, controlling the temperature at 22-23 ℃, and ventilating for 2-3 times per day for 30 minutes each time; and (4) harvesting after 44-45 days.

And (3) measuring: the active auxiliary materials prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 were applied to experimental example 1, respectively, the nutritional ingredients of the tremella obtained by the cultivation were determined as shown in table 1, and the determination standard and method of crude polysaccharide: NY/T1676-2008; the heavy metal detection method comprises the following steps: GB 5009.15-2014, GB 5009.17-2014, GB 5009.11-2014, GB5009.12-2014, detection criteria: GB 2762-2017; detection method and standard of minerals: GB 5009.268-2016 and GB 5009.87-2016.

Table 1 content of nutrient components of Tremella Fuciformis obtained by culturing in Experimental example 1

Experimental example 2

The experimental example 2 is basically identical to the steps two to six in the experimental example 1, and the difference is that the proportion of each component in the step one is different, specifically as follows: step one, pouring 413 jin of cotton seed hulls, 165 jin of lotus seed hulls, 826 jin of wood chips and 215 jin of bran into a horizontal ribbon mixer for uniform mixing, sequentially adding 16 jin of lime and 16 jin of active auxiliary materials for uniform mixing, and then adding 1800 jin of water until the water content of the substrate reaches 55%, and continuously and fully uniformly mixing to prepare the tremella culture substrate.

And (3) measuring: the active auxiliary materials prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 were applied in experimental example 2, respectively, the nutritional ingredients of the tremella obtained by the cultivation were determined as shown in table 2, and the determination standard and method of crude polysaccharide: NY/T1676-2008; the heavy metal detection method comprises the following steps: GB 5009.15-2014, GB 5009.17-2014, GB 5009.11-2014, GB5009.12-2014, detection criteria: GB 2762-2017; detection method and standard of minerals: GB 5009.268-2016 and GB 5009.87-2016.

Table 2 content of nutrient components of Tremella Fuciformis obtained by culturing in Experimental example 2

Experimental example 3

The experimental example 3 is basically identical to the steps two to six in the experimental example 1, and the difference is that the proportion of each component in the step one is different, specifically as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly, pouring 446 jin of cotton seed hulls, 330 jin of lotus seed hulls, 694 jin of wood dust and 132 jin of wheat bran into a horizontal ribbon mixer for uniform mixing, sequentially adding 25 jin of lime and 16 jin of active auxiliary materials for uniform mixing, and then adding 1800 jin of water until the water content of the substrate reaches 55%, and then continuously and fully mixing uniformly to prepare the tremella culture substrate.

And (3) measuring: the active auxiliary materials prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 were applied to experimental example 3, respectively, and the nutritional ingredients of the tremella obtained by cultivation were determined as shown in table 3, and the determination standard and method of crude polysaccharide: NY/T1676-2008; the heavy metal detection method comprises the following steps: GB 5009.15-2014, GB 5009.17-2014, GB 5009.11-2014, GB5009.12-2014, detection criteria: GB 2762-2017; detection method and standard of minerals: GB 5009.268-2016 and GB 5009.87-2016.

TABLE 3 content of Tremella nutrient components obtained by culturing Experimental example 3

Control group

The control group is basically identical to the second to sixth steps in experimental example 1, and the difference is that the proportion of each component in the first step is different, specifically as follows: step one, 1476 jin of cotton seed hulls and 160 jin of bran are poured into a horizontal ribbon mixer to be mixed uniformly, 16 jin of lime is sequentially added to be mixed uniformly, 1800 jin of water is added until the water content of the substrate reaches 55%, and the substrate is fully and uniformly mixed to prepare the tremella culture substrate.

And (3) measuring: determination of nutrient content and content of tremella obtained by incubation of control group the determination standard and method of crude polysaccharide are shown in table 4: NY/T1676-2008; the heavy metal detection method comprises the following steps: GB 5009.15-2014, GB 5009.17-2014, GB 5009.11-2014, GB5009.12-2014, detection criteria: GB 2762-2017; detection method and standard of minerals: GB 5009.268-2016 and GB 5009.87-2016.

TABLE 4 content of Tremella nutrient content obtained by control group cultivation

In summary, as shown in tables 1-3, the active auxiliary materials obtained in examples 1-3 are added into the tremella culture medium, the contents of crude polysaccharide and mineral matters of the cultured tremella are higher than those of tremella obtained by adding the active auxiliary materials in comparative example 1, the tremella yield by adding the active auxiliary materials in the scheme is improved by 14%, the tremella polysaccharide content is improved by 11% and the mineral matters content is improved by 11% -16%, and therefore, the beneficial effects of the tremella culture medium cultured tremella quality improvement by combining the components of the active auxiliary materials provided in the scheme with the preparation method are obvious.

Comparing tables 1 and 4, when the tremella culture medium is not added with wood dust and active auxiliary materials and the tremella is simply cultivated by cotton seed hulls, the nutrition value of tremella products obtained by comparison is lower, compared with tremella products obtained by experimental examples, the crude polysaccharide in tremella cultivated by pure cotton seed hulls is improved by 14%, and the mineral content is improved by 15% -25%; the content of heavy metal lead is reduced by more than 20%, and the yield is improved by 14%, so that the tremella substrate proportion is provided, and the nutritional value and the yield of tremella products are further improved.

The above specific embodiments are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention, and modifications, no inventive contribution, will be made to the embodiments by those skilled in the art after having read the present specification, as long as they are within the scope of the patent statutes.

Claims

1. The tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 25-35 parts of cotton seed hulls, 40-50 parts of wood chips, 10-20 parts of lotus seed hulls, 8-15 parts of bran, 1-1.5 parts of lime and 0.8-1.2 parts of active auxiliary materials.

2. The tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active auxiliary materials are prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5-10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8-15 parts of bran, 30-40 parts of bean pulp, 8-15 parts of corn flour and 20-30 parts of corn protein powder.

3. The tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation according to claim 2, wherein the active auxiliary materials are prepared by a method comprising the following steps:

step 1, preparing soybean meal hydrolysate: adding soybean meal and water into a reaction kettle, regulating the pH to be alkaline, then adding plant proteolytic enzyme, reacting to obtain soybean meal hydrolysate, and filtering for later use;

step 2, preparing wheat bran, corn gluten meal and corn meal hydrolysate: respectively adding bran, corn flour and corn gluten meal into a reaction kettle according to a proportion, adding water into the reaction kettle, adjusting the pH to be acidic, adding acid protease, reacting to obtain hydrolysis liquid of the bran, the corn gluten meal and the corn meal, and filtering for later use;

step 3, adding the soybean meal hydrolysate, bran, corn gluten meal and corn meal hydrolysate into a reaction kettle for mixing, adding potassium humate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and magnesium sulfate for mixing and stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved, and obtaining a reaction solution after reaction;

4. A tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation according to claim 3, wherein in the step 1, the mass ratio of the bean pulp to water is 1:8.5-9.5, and the pH is adjusted to 7.5-9.5 by sodium hydroxide, and the addition amount of the plant hydrolytic protease is 2% -2.5% of the weight of the bean pulp.

5. The tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation according to claim 4, wherein in the step 1, the reaction temperature is 50-60 ℃ and the reaction time is 10-16h.

6. A tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation according to claim 3, wherein in the step 2, the water addition amount is 8 times of the total mass of bran, corn flour and corn gluten meal; adjusting the pH to 3.5-5.5 by dilute sulfuric acid; the addition amount of the acid protease is 1% -1.5% of the total weight of the bran, the corn and the corn protein powder.

7. The tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation according to claim 6, wherein in the step 2, the reaction temperature is 45-55 ℃ and the reaction time is 9-11h.

8. A tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation according to claim 3, wherein in the step 3, the volume ratio of the bean pulp hydrolysate to the bran, the corn gluten meal and the corn meal hydrolysate is 2-2.5:3-3.5, the pH is adjusted to 5.5-7.5, the reaction temperature is 45-55 ℃, and the reaction time is 30-40min.

9. The tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the tremella culture medium is prepared by the following method:

step 1, preliminary treatment of cotton seed hulls, lotus seed hulls and wood chips;

and 2, fully mixing the cotton seed hulls, the lotus seed hulls and the wood chips, adding lime and active auxiliary materials for mixing, and adding water to prepare the tremella cultivation medium.

10. The tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation according to claim 9, wherein in the step 1, the lotus seed shells and the wood chips are processed into powder chips with the size smaller than 0.8 cm and dried to the water content of 12% -17%; in the step 2, the water content is added to the tremella culture medium, and the water content is 55% -60%.