JP3512920B2 - Artificial cultivation method of Hatake Shimeji - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating fruiting bodies useful for edible mushrooms (scientific name: Lyophyllum decastes), a method for cultivating fruiting bodies, a method for cultivating the mycelium, and a medium for mushrooms used in these methods. Regarding

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hatake shimeji mushrooms are mushrooms that widely occur in houses, fields, forests, etc. from summer to autumn, and their shapes are similar to those of honjimeji. The taste is very good, and the meat is harder and crisper than the honjimeji, and it is said to be edible. Recently, enoki mushroom, oyster mushroom, beech mushroom,
For nameko and the like, a method for artificially cultivating a fungus bed, which is mainly performed by using a medium in which sawdust and rice bran are mixed, has been established, and mushrooms can be stably harvested throughout the year regardless of the four seasons. Since Hatake mushrooms are also useful as edible mushrooms, various cultivation methods have been studied. For example,
Fukushima Prefectural Forestry Research Institute is studying a bag cultivation method using bark compost as the main medium material and a medium containing rice bran and bran as nutrient additives and a natural cultivation method in which the culture medium is embedded outdoors (Fukushima Prefecture). Forestry Experiment Station Research Report N
o. 19, No. 20). However, in these methods, the generation is long and the working efficiency is extremely poor.
In addition, Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 4-25766 and 5-15404 also disclose a method for cultivating Hatake shimeji, but in the former, the bottle mouth is reversed after sterilization and water injection treatment, and is cultivated for about a week ( Reverse cultivation), then return to the original state with the bottle mouth up and cultivate again, in the latter case, when the mycelium of the inoculated seed fungus spreads into the cultivation container, it consists of fine particles A step of covering the opening of the cultivation container with a mineral material (soil covering step) is performed. However, the reverse cultivation and the soil covering process are complicated and have poor workability.

[0003] Therefore, the present inventors collected Hatake shimeji mushrooms from various places, studied diligently, and cultivated by a reverse-directed cultivation or a fungal bed artificial cultivation method without a soil covering step, which is easy and high in yield and good. Succeeded in screening a strain having the ability to form fruiting bodies (JP-A-4-21130).
No. 8). However, even if these strains are used, depending on the humic base material used, since the occurrence of the mushrooms is not observed, the present inventors further improved the properties of the medium,
A culture medium additive capable of stably generating Hatake mushrooms has been developed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-192035: hereinafter this additive is referred to as an incidence improving agent). That is, in the present invention, the incidence rate improver is one or more materials selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum compounds, and alkaline earth metal compounds. However, as described above, Hatake shimeji is a saprophytic fungus, and as the components of the medium, leaf soil, bark compost, straw compost, compost of waste ogre,
It is desirable to add a humic substrate such as compost.
By using the above-mentioned incidence rate improving agent, it has become possible to stably generate the mushrooms regardless of the quality of the strain or the humus base material. However, many of these humic substances have a high density and are difficult to handle, and when they are mixed with a medium, the medium becomes heavy and the handling of the culture medium is hindered. As a method for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushrooms that does not use a humus base material, there is a method described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-15404, and it is also possible to use an incidence rate improving agent described in JP-A No. 5-192035. Is. However, the former has a difficulty in operability for the reasons already described, and the latter also has a significantly delayed bacterial rotation due to the addition of the incidence rate improver, resulting in an increase in the number of days required for cultivation and an increase in the total cultivation days. It has the drawback.

In the present specification, the term "bacterial rotation" means that the hyphae are spread over the entire culture medium, and the time when the whole culture medium surface is covered with the mycelia is the ending time of the mycelia. In addition, the number of days around the bacteria means the number of days from the inoculation to the end of the days around the bacteria, and the number of days around the bacteria for each test section is represented by the number of days around which the majority of the test samples have passed around. As a method to improve this microbial environment, using an inorganic or organic acid,
Method for adjusting medium pH (JP-A-5-252828)
Etc. are disclosed, but this method only describes the effect of improving lichen mushrooms around the fungus.

Accordingly, the present inventors have developed a medium additive for artificially cultivating Hatake shimeji mushrooms so as not to delay the rotation of bacteria even by a method of artificially cultivating a bed using a medium containing an incidence improving agent ( Japanese Patent Application No. 7-83448: Hereinafter, this additive is referred to as a fungus-surrounding improving agent). That is, in the present invention, the bacteria-surrounding improving agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, alginic acid, itaconic acid, silicic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, and lactic acid. It is a material. When adding such a bacterial growth improving agent to the medium, it is necessary to add the development rate improving agent and the bacterial growth improving agent separately at the actual mushroom production site, which complicates the medium preparation operation and causes the occurrence of a measurement error or the like. May cause instability. In addition, when added separately, it is natural that the possibility of non-uniformity in the medium increases as compared with the case where a single one is added. For this reason, it is desirable that the incidence rate improving agent and the bacteria-surrounding improving agent are provided in a uniformly mixed state. However, in the case where both the incidence rate improving agent and the bacteria-surrounding improving agent are powders, the particle shape, particle size,
The bulk specific gravity is very different and it is very difficult to mix them uniformly. In addition, even if the conditions are such that uniform mixing is possible, generally powder mixing is technically more difficult than liquid mixing, and there is a strong tendency for the cost of mixing to increase due to the large scale of the equipment. . Also, if either the incidence rate improving agent or the bacteria-surrounding improving agent is a liquid, depending on the mixing ratio, if the ratio of the powder is high, the mixing is very difficult, and if the ratio of the liquid is high. Can also be mixed uniformly, but in this case, there is a difficulty in the operability of supplying the mixture to the mushroom production site, weighing it at the production site, and adding it.

[0006]

Next, when the incidence improving agent and the bacteria-surrounding improving agent are added at the same time in the cultivation of Hatake-shimeji which does not contain a humic substance, the occurrence improving agent is more effective than the case of using the incidence improving agent alone. The required amount tends to increase.
That is, although the number of days around the bacterium is shortened by using the agent for improving the circumstance of the bacterium, the unit price of the medium is increased more than that of the agent for improving the degree of the bacterium. This tendency is more remarkable when the incidence rate improver and the bacteria-surrounding improver are mixed in advance and used, and the mixture becomes a solution or suspension. In view of the present situation, the purpose of the present invention is, in the artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji, without delaying the bacterium rotation, and excellent in operability, and without further increasing the medium unit price of Hatake shimeji It is to provide an artificial cultivation method and a medium used for the method.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems To outline the present invention, the first invention of the present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating fruiting bodies of Hatake shimeji, which includes an incidence improving agent and citric acid, malic acid, and asbestos.
Corbic acid, alginic acid, itaconic acid, silicic acid, amber
Selected from the group consisting of acids, maleic acid, tartaric acid, and lactic acid
In a method for artificially cultivating a mushroom bed of Hatake shimeji mushrooms using a solid medium containing a bacterial swirl improving agent composed of one or more kinds of acids, the incidence improving agent and the bacterial swirling improving agent are preliminarily brought into a solution or suspension state. It is characterized in that the solid medium is mixed with, and then dried. A second invention of the present invention relates to a method for cultivating a mycelium of Pleurotus cornucopiae, which comprises an incidence improving agent and citric acid, malic acid,
Scorbic acid, alginic acid, itaconic acid, silicic acid, amber
Selected from the group consisting of citric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, and lactic acid.
In a method of cultivating a mycelium of Pleurotus cornucopiae, which uses a solid medium containing an agent for improving the bacterial rotation of at least one selected acid, the agent for improving the incidence and the agent for improving the bacterial rotation are put into a solution or suspension state in advance. It is characterized in that the solid medium is mixed with, and then dried. Further, the third invention of the present invention relates to a solid medium for Hazel-tree mushroom, which comprises an incidence improving agent and citric acid, malic acid, or ascorbic acid.
Acid, alginic acid, itaconic acid, silicic acid, succinic acid, mac
Selected from the group consisting of rain acid, tartaric acid, and lactic acid
A solid medium for Hatake shimeji mushroom containing a bacteria-improving agent comprising one or more kinds of acids , wherein the incidence improving agent and the bacteria-improving agent are mixed in advance so as to be in a solution or suspension state, and then dried. It is characterized by containing the thing formed.

In order to improve the drawbacks of the conventional methods in the artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushroom, the present inventors have conducted various cultivation experiments by using a fungal bed artificial cultivation using a solid medium containing an incidence rate improving agent and a fungal rotation improving agent. As a result of extensively searching and extensively investigating the addition form of the incidence improving agent and the bacterial swirling improving agent, the incidence improving agent and the bacterial swirling improving agent were mixed so as to be in a solution or suspension state in advance. After that, it was discovered that it is effective to include a product obtained by drying in a solid medium, and completed the present invention (hereinafter, the incidence rate improving agent and the bacteria-surrounding improving agent are brought into a solution or suspension state in advance. The mixture thus mixed and then dried is referred to as a liquid mixed dried product, and the mixture of the incidence rate improving agent and the bacteria-surrounding improving agent in a powder state is referred to as a powder mixture).

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in more detail below. The method for artificially cultivating a mushroom bed of Hatake shimeji used in the present invention is, for example, a method similar to the cultivation of enoki mushroom, oyster mushroom, nameko, beech syrup, and bottle cultivation, bag cultivation, box cultivation, etc. As an example, when describing bottle cultivation, the method is usually medium preparation, bottling,
It consists of the steps of sterilization, inoculation, culture, oysters, sprouts, growth and harvest.

[0010] Medium preparation refers to the step of measuring, stirring, and adding water to various base materials used for artificial cultivation to adjust the water content. The artificial culture medium of Hatake shimeji mushroom used in the present invention,
Prepare by adding appropriate amount of water to a mixture of sawdust, chip dust, medium base material such as corn cob, nutrient source such as rice bran, bran, barley crushed product, liquid mixed dried product of incidence improving agent and fungus swirling improving agent Is appropriate. In the present invention,
The humus base material may be contained in the artificial culture medium, but the humus base material has a high density and is difficult to handle, and when mixed with the medium, the medium becomes heavy and the handling of the culture medium also hinders. Therefore, it does not necessarily have to be contained in the artificial culture medium. Water content of the medium is 60-75%, preferably 65%
The neighborhood is suitable. As the sawdust, hardwood sawdust or softwood sawdust may be used alone, or may be used in combination. As the occurrence rate improver, one or more materials selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum compounds, and alkaline earth metal compounds described in JP-A-5-192035 may be used. Here, the alkaline earth metal includes beryllium and magnesium. Japanese Patent Application No. 7-83448 is used as a fungus-improving agent.
As described in the specification, at least one acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, alginic acid, itaconic acid, silicic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, and lactic acid may be used. . The mixing of the incidence rate improving agent and the bacteria-surrounding improving agent may be in a solution or suspension state so that the mixture can be obtained as a solution or a suspension. Also, depending on the materials used, recrystallization etc. may occur over time after mixing,
Even in this case, there is no problem in use. Therefore, the time from mixing to drying is not limited. For drying, all or part of the mixture is provided. It is also possible to use only the supernatant of the suspension or only the precipitate. Although any method may be used as the drying method, since the entire mixed solution is often dried, a spray drying method, a drum drying method, a freeze drying method and the like are effective. Bottling means that the prepared medium is placed in a heat-resistant wide-mouth bottle of 800 to 1000 ml volume, preferably 850 ml volume.
0-750g, preferably 550g, 3c in the center
This is the process of opening a hole of about m and plugging. Sterilization is the process of killing all microorganisms in the medium by steam,
98 ° C for normal pressure sterilization, 4 to 5 hours, 120 for high pressure sterilization
It is performed at 30 ° C. for 30 to 90 minutes. The culture medium is prepared by the above steps. Next, inoculation is a step of aseptically inoculating the inoculum into a culture medium that has been allowed to cool, and as the inoculum, it is also possible to use a mushroom cultivated in a liquid medium at 25 ° C. for 10 to 15 days. In many cases, the culture medium inoculated with the inoculum is cultivated at 25 ° C. for 30 to 40 days, and the whole culture medium in which the hyphae of Hatake mushrooms are spread is used as a solid inoculum. The amount of inoculum is about 15 g per bottle. Culturing refers to the step of spreading the mycelium of the inoculated culture medium under suitable temperature and humidity conditions and further aging,
The temperature is 20 to 25 ° C., the humidity is 40 to 70%, and the number of days around the bacterium is +0 to 60 days. Bacterial scraping is a step of scraping off the inoculum portion and the surface of the culture medium to promote the formation of the primordia, and is performed after the culture is completed. Immediately after sterilizing, pour water into the bottle mouth and
Drain after 5 hours. Sprouting is a step of forming fruit body primordium, at a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C., preferably around 15 ° C.,
Humidity 80% or more, preferably 85-95%, illuminance 5
10 lux or less, preferably 50 lux or less
~ Do 20 days. The growth is a step of forming a mature fruiting body from a fruiting body primordium, which is carried out under substantially the same conditions as the sprouting step except that the illuminance is increased to 50 lux or more, preferably 200 to 500 lux for 5 to 15 days.

By the above steps, a mature fruit body of Pleurotus cornucopiae can be obtained, and harvesting is performed to complete all the steps of cultivation. Although the bottle cultivation method has been described in detail above, the artificial cultivation used in the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned bottle cultivation method, modification of the culture medium substrate, change of the fungal scraping method,
Changes within a series of steps, such as culturing, sprouts, and changing the conditions of the growing step, fall within the scope of the method for artificially cultivating the fungal bed of the present invention. Further, a method having a suppressing and paper-wrapping step after the budding step, such as enoki mushroom, may be applied.
In addition, even in reverse cultivation and artificial cultivation that requires a soil covering step, it is possible to add an incidence rate improving agent and a fungal swirl improving agent, and therefore it is effective to use the method of the present invention. Then, the generation is further stabilized by adding the occurrence rate improving agent and the bacteria-surrounding improving agent.

[0012] According to the artificial cultivation method of the present invention, when a liquid mixed dried product of the incidence improving agent and the bacteria-surrounding improving agent is added,
The addition and weighing required only once, and it became possible to cultivate Hatake mushrooms more easily. Further, since the liquid mixed dried product of the present method can be obtained in one drying step, it can be obtained at a lower cost than the powder mixture which requires two or more drying steps. Further, the liquid mixed dried product of the present method is more effective than the powder mixture obtained by powder mixing in a smaller amount. For this reason,
It became possible to cultivate Hatake shimeji at a lower cost than in the case of the powder mixture. As an example, Al ₂ O ₃ , CaO and SiO ₂ are represented by the following formula (Formula 1) as the occurrence rate improver:

[0013]

Embedded image (Al ₂ O ₃ ) ₁ (CaO) ₂ (SiO ₂ ) ₁

Calcium aluminate compound represented by [Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., prototype, analytical value: Al ₂
O ₃ 16.0%, CaO 33.7%, SiO ₂ 1
7.3%], and citric acid anhydride (produced by Nacalai Tesque, Inc., first-grade reagent) is used as an agent for improving the bacterial circulation, and the results obtained by using a material dried after mixing with a suspension and a solution are shown. As the calcium silicoaluminate compound, a suspension used after the reaction and after the washing process was used. Anhydrous citric acid in the form of an aqueous solution, the calcium aluminosilicate compound suspension described above, and in a solid matter ratio calcium aluminosilicate compound: citric acid anhydride = 4: 2 (weight ratio, hereinafter all ratios are weight ratios). And mixed so that The concentration of the mixture was adjusted to be 100 g / l as a product. Immediately after mixing, this mixed liquid was dried at an inlet temperature of 350 ° C. and an outlet temperature of 110 ° C. using an atomizer type spray dryer (manufactured by Niro Japan Co., Ltd.) to obtain a liquid mixed dried product. Further, a calcium aluminate compound and anhydrous citric acid [Nacalai Tesque, Inc., first-class reagent] were weighed and mixed to obtain a calcium aluminate compound: citric acid anhydrous = 4: 2 weight ratio to obtain a powder mixture. It was Next, a polypropylene wide-mouth bottle (8
50 ml volume), and the medium material used is cedar sawdust 10.
0 g (dry weight: hereinafter, all medium materials are shown as dry weight) and 86 g of rice bran were used, and the above-mentioned liquid mixed dry matter or powder mixture was added to 0, 2, 3, 4, respectively.
5 or 6g, for powder mixture, as powder,
Alternatively, Table 1 shows the results of cultivating Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain (FERM BP-4348) according to the above-described steps by suspending it in 800 ml of deionized water. In this specification, the number of growing days refers to the number of days until the fruit body harvest after sterilization, and the number of growing days for each test section is the average of the number of growing days of all the harvested samples.

[0015]

[Table 1]

As shown in Table 1, when the mixture is added in the form of powder, the amount of addition is 4 g so that the generation rate becomes 100%.
The addition amount required for the occurrence rate to be 100% when added in a suspension state was 5 g, whereas the addition amount after drying was 100% when 3 g was added. Further, the number of growing days is the shortest in the liquid mixed dried product, and as a result, the total number of growing days is shortened. There is no influence on the yield and the number of days around the bacterium.

Next, as an example of the mushroom strain of Hatake shimeji, which can be cultivated by the present artificial cultivation method, the above-mentioned K-3304 is used.
In addition to the strain (FERM BP-4348), Hatake Shimeji K-3303 strain (FERM BP-4347), K
-3305 strain (FERM BP-4349), F-6
23 strains (FERM P-13165), F-1154
Strain (FERM P-13166), the same F-1488 strain (FERM P-13167), IFO 30161
Strain, IFO 30260 strain, IFO 32184 strain, I
FO 32185 strain and the like. However, the strains that can be used are not limited to the above 10 strains.

Next, an example of adding the material of the present invention to the main substrate will be described. The addition amount of the liquid mixed dried product of the present invention to the main base material varies depending on the main medium base material used, the type of nutrient source, and the type and mixing ratio of the incidence improving agent and the bacteria-surrounding improving agent. , Per bottle, cedar sawdust 100g, rice bran 86
g, it is preferable to use 2 to 20 g when a liquid mixed dried product is used. However, the addition amount of the liquid mixed dried product of the present invention is not particularly limited by the above numerical values. The liquid-mixed dried product of the present invention may be used alone, or may be mixed and used. The liquid mixed dried product used in the present invention may be anhydrous or hydrated.
Further, unavoidable impurities may be contained.

As described in detail above, the agent for improving the occurrence rate and the agent for improving the bacterial circulation are mixed in advance so as to be in the form of a solution or suspension, and then the product obtained by drying is added to the solid medium. It has become possible to cultivate Hatake shimeji mushrooms at a lower cost and stably by adding the improving agent for improving the incidence rate and the improving agent for the bacterium circulation more easily. The mycelium of Pleurotus cornucopiae obtained by the method of the present invention can be used for producing protoplasts useful for mating or mutation of mushrooms, and the mycelium itself can also be used for causing mutation by ultraviolet rays or the like. Furthermore, it is also possible to search for and isolate a physiologically active substance from the solid medium in which the mycelium is cultured or the mycelium. The solid medium containing the cultured mycelium can be used as an inoculum.

[0020]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the following examples.

Example 1 PGY liquid medium (composition: glucose 2.0%, peptone 0.2%, yeast extract 0.2%, KH ₂ PO ₄ 0.0)
5% and MgSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O 0.05% of, pH 6.
0) 120 ml of Hatake shimeji k-3304 strain was inoculated and cultured at 25 ° C. for 10 days to obtain a liquid inoculum. On the other hand, 100 g of sawdust (cedar material) and 86 g of rice bran were well mixed with a polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml) to prepare 8 solid culture media whose water content was adjusted to 63%. The above liquid culture inoculum was inoculated into this and cultured at 25 ° C. for 40 days to give a solid inoculum. On the other hand, 100 g of sawdust (cedar material) and 86 g of rice bran were mixed well, and 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 g of the liquid mixed dry product or powder mixture was added to this, and 800 ml of the powder mixture was in a state other than powder. Thirty-two solid culture mediums were prepared by adding them in a state of being suspended in deionized water and adjusting the water content to 63%. The above solid inoculum was inoculated into this and cultured in the dark at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55%, and the number of days around the bacterium was measured. The culture was continued for another 30 days under the same conditions for aging. Next, after scraping the fungus and removing the mycelium layer about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium,
Add tap water to the bottle mouth and leave it for 3 hours before draining it to an illuminance of 20
The culture was continued under the conditions of looks, temperature of 15 ° C. and humidity of 90% to form fruit body primordia. Next, the culture medium on which the primordium was formed had an illumination of 500 lux, a temperature of 15 ° C. and a humidity of 90%.
The number of bottles from which mature fruiting bodies were obtained by continuing culturing under the conditions
The fruit body yield per bottle and the number of growing days were measured, and the liquid mixed dried product, in the bacterial bed artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushrooms, the number of days around bacteria, the incidence rate, the yield, and the number of growing days of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain. Examined. The results are shown in Table 1 above. As is apparent from Table 1, in the artificial cultivation of the mushroom bed of Hatake shimeji mushroom, the use of the liquid mixed dry product yielded fruiting bodies with a smaller amount of addition than the case of using the powder mixture, and the operability of the addition was also improved. Is a single metered addition, which is a significant improvement. In addition, it did not affect the number of days around the bacterium and the yield.

Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake shimeji K-3303 strain was prepared. On the other hand, calcium silicate aluminate compound: anhydrous citric acid = 4: 1, 4: 1.5, 4: 2.5, 4: 3, 9:
11 liquid mixed dried products were obtained. In addition, powder mixtures of calcium aluminate compound and anhydrous citric acid in the same ratio were prepared. Next, in the same manner as in Example 1, 100 g of sawdust (cedar material) and 86 g of rice bran were well mixed, and a liquid mixed dried product-or a powder mixture-
Add 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6g to increase the water content to 6
32 solid culture media adjusted to 3% were prepared for each section. This was inoculated with the above solid inoculum and cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1,
The number of days around the bacterium, the number of bottles from which mature fruiting bodies were obtained, the yield of fruiting bodies per bottle, and the number of growing days were measured, and a liquid-mixed dried product ~
In the artificial cultivation of the mushroom bed of Hatake shimeji mushroom, the effects of the Hatake shimeji mushroom K-3303 strain on the number of days around the bacterium, the incidence, the yield, and the number of days to grow were investigated. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3 below.
Shown in.

[0023]

[Table 2]

[0024]

[Table 3]

As is apparent from Tables 2 and 3, in the artificial cultivation of the mushroom bed of Hatake shimeji mushroom, the liquid-mixed dried product
With the use of, the fruiting body was obtained with a smaller amount of addition than in the case of using the powder mixture, and in the operation method of addition, only one metered addition was required, which was a marked improvement. In addition, it did not affect the number of days around the bacterium and the yield.
The liquid-mixed dried product was effective even if the ratio of the occurrence rate improver and the bacteria-surrounding improver was changed.

Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake shimeji K-3305 strain was prepared. On the other hand, similarly to the case of the liquid mixed dried product, a mixture of calcium silicoaluminate compound: citric acid anhydride = 4: 2 in a suspended state was prepared. This suspension was left for 1, 3 and 7 days and then dried in the same manner as the liquid mixed dried product to obtain liquid mixed dried product (1).
Next, in the same manner as in Example 1, 100 g of sawdust (cedar material) and 86 g of rice bran were thoroughly mixed, and this was mixed with the dried liquid,
, Or the powder mixture to 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6
Thirty-two solid culture mediums were prepared by adding g, and adjusting the water content to 63%. Inoculate this with the above solid inoculum,
Cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, and the number of days around the fungus, the number of bottles from which mature fruiting bodies were obtained, the yield of fruiting bodies per bottle, and the number of days of growth were measured. During cultivation, the effects of the Hatake shimeji K-3305 strain on the number of days around the fungus, the incidence, the yield, and the number of days of growth were examined. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0027]

[Table 4]

As is apparent from Table 4, in the artificial cultivation of the mushroom bed of Hatake shimeji, the use of the liquid mixed dried product, ~, gives fruiting bodies with a smaller amount of addition than the case of using the powder mixture, and The operability of addition is 1
It was sufficient to add a metered amount, and it was remarkably improved. In addition, it did not affect the number of days around the bacterium and the yield. The liquid mixed dried product was effective regardless of the number of days elapsed after mixing after drying.

Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake-shimeji F-623 strain was prepared. On the other hand, a calcium aluminate compound and DL-malic acid [Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., first-class reagent] were suspended in deionized water at a ratio of calcium aluminate compound: malic acid = 4: 2, and this was liquid. It was dried under the same conditions as the mixed dried product to obtain a liquid mixed dried product (10). Similarly, L-
(+)-Tartaric acid [Nacalai Tesque, Inc., reagent grade]
Using calcium silicoaluminate compound: tartaric acid =
A liquid mixed dried product (11) was obtained in a ratio of 4: 2. Similarly,
Alginic acid [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, Inc., for chemistry] was used as a fungus-surrounding improver to obtain a liquid mixed dried product (12) at a ratio of calcium silicoaluminate compound: alginic acid = 4: 4. On the other hand, powder is mixed with the same raw material and the same ratio as the liquid mixed dried product (10) to (12), and the powder mixture (10) to (1
2) got. Next, as in Example 1, sawdust (cedar material) 10
0 g and rice bran 86 g were mixed well, and liquid mixed dried product (10), (11) or powder mixture (10), (11) was mixed with 0, 3,
4, 5 or 6g, liquid mixed dry matter (12) or powder mixture
0, 5, 6, 7, or 8 g of (12) was added to prepare 32 solid culture media in which the water content was adjusted to 63% in each section. This was inoculated with the above solid inoculum and cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the number of days around the bacterium, the number of bottles from which mature fruiting bodies were obtained, the fruiting body yield per bottle, and the number of growing days were measured, and the liquid Mixed dry matter
(10) ~ (12) in the fungus bed artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushroom, the number of days around the bacterium, the incidence rate, the yield of the Hatake shimeji F-623 strain,
And the effect on the number of growing days were investigated. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0030]

[Table 5]

As is clear from Table 5, when the liquid mixed dried products (10) to (12) were used in the artificial cultivation of the mushroom bed of Hatake shimeji mushroom, the liquid mixed dried products (10) to (12) were more effective than the powder mixtures (10) to (12). Fruiting bodies were obtained with a small amount of addition, and in terms of operability of addition, one metered addition was sufficient, which was a marked improvement. In addition, it did not affect the number of days around the bacterium and the yield.

Example 5 In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake-shimeji F-1154 strain was prepared. On the other hand, calcium silicoaluminate compound and anhydrous citric acid [manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, Inc., first-class reagent] and DL-malic acid [Nacalai Tesque, Inc.]
Manufactured, first-class reagent] calcium calcium aluminate compound:
Except for the ratio of citric acid: malic acid = 4: 1: 1,
Liquid mixed dried product prepared in the same manner as liquid mixed dried product (10).
I got (13). Similarly, as an incidence rate improver, Al
₂ O ₃ , CaO and SiO ₂ are represented by the following formula (Formula 2):

[0033]

Embedded image (Al ₂ O ₃ ) ₄ (CaO) ₁ (SiO ₂ ) ₂

Compounds contained in a weight ratio represented by [Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., prototype, analytical value: Al ₂ O ₃ 3
9.2%, CaO 10.3%, SiO ₂ 21.2
%], Liquid mixed dried product (10) except that anhydrous citric acid [Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., first-grade reagent] was used as a fungus-surrounding improver and the ratio of compound: citric acid = 4: 2 was used.
Prepared in the same manner as above to obtain a liquid-mixed dried product (14). Similarly,
Al ₂ O ₃ , CaO, and SiO ₂ are used as a generation rate improver in the following formula (Formula 3):

[0035]

Embedded image (Al ₂ O ₃ ) ₃ (CaO) ₁ (SiO ₂ ) ₃

Compounds contained in a weight ratio represented by [Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., prototype, analytical value: Al ₂ O ₃ 2
7.1%, CaO 12.3%, SiO ₂ 31.8
%], Liquid mixed dried product (10) except that anhydrous citric acid [Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., first-grade reagent] was used as a fungus-surrounding improver and the ratio of compound: citric acid = 4: 2 was used.
A liquid mixed dried product (15) was obtained in the same manner as. On the other hand, powders were mixed with the same raw materials and the same ratios as the liquid mixed dried products (13) to (15) to obtain powder mixtures (13) to (15). Next, in the same manner as in Example 1, 100 g of sawdust (cedar material) and 86 g of rice bran were thoroughly mixed, and the liquid mixed dried product (13) to (15) or the powder mixture (13) to (15) was mixed therein. , 0, 3, 4, 5, or 6 g was added, and the solid culture medium whose water content was adjusted to 63% was added to each group 3
I prepared two. The above solid inoculum was inoculated into this, cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the number of days around the fungus, the number of bottles from which mature fruiting bodies were obtained, the fruiting body yield per bottle, and the number of growing days were measured,
The effects of the liquid mixed dried products (13) to (15) on the number of days around the fungus, the incidence rate, the yield, and the number of days of growth of the Hatake-shimeji strain F-1154 in the artificial cultivation of Hatake-shimeji mushroom were investigated. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0037]

[Table 6]

As is clear from Table 6, when the liquid mixed dried products (13) to (15) were used in the artificial cultivation of the mushroom bed of Hatake shimeji mushroom, the liquid mixed dried products (13) to (15) were more effective than the powder mixed products (13) to (15). Fruiting bodies were obtained with a small amount of addition, and in terms of operability of addition, one metered addition was sufficient, which was a marked improvement. In addition, it did not affect the number of days around the bacterium and the yield.

Example 6 In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake-shimeji strain F-1488 was prepared. On the other hand, calcium silicoaluminate compound and lactic acid [Nacalai Tesque, Inc., reagent first grade]
A liquid mixed dried material (16) was obtained in the same manner as the liquid mixed dried material (10), except that was prepared in the ratio of calcium aluminate compound: lactic acid = 4: 2. Similarly, except that the lactic acid was succinic acid [Nacalai Tesque, Inc., first-grade reagent], the liquid-mixed dried product was prepared in the same manner as the liquid-mixed dried product (16).
I got (17). Similarly, as an incidence rate improver, Al
₂ O ₃ , CaO, and SiO ₂ are represented by the following formula (Formula 4):

[0040]

Embedded image (Al ₂ O ₃ ) ₂ (CaO) ₁ (SiO ₂ ) ₄

Compounds contained in a weight ratio represented by [Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., prototype, analytical value: Al ₂ O ₃ 2
1.8%, CaO 12.7%, SiO ₂ 38.9
%], Liquid mixed dried product (10) except that anhydrous citric acid [Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., first-grade reagent] was used as a fungus-improvement agent, and the ratio of compound: citric acid = 6: 2 was used.
Prepared in the same manner as above to obtain a liquid-mixed dried product (18). on the other hand,
Powders were mixed with the same raw materials and the same ratios as the liquid mixed dried products (17) and (18) to obtain powder mixtures (17) and (18). Since lactic acid is a liquid, as the powder mixture (16), the calcium aluminate compound and lactic acid were used without being mixed. Next, as in Example 1, sawdust (cedar material) 1
00g and rice bran 86g were mixed well, and liquid mixed dry matter (16), (17) or powder mixture (17) was mixed with 0, 3, 4,
5 or 6 g, 0, 5, 6, 7, or 8 g of the liquid mixture dried product (18), the powder mixture (18), or the calcium silicoaluminate compound and lactic acid in the calcium silicoaluminate compound: lactic acid = 4: 2, In addition, 32 solid groups were prepared for each section, the total amount of which was 0, 3, 4, 5, or 6 g, and the water content was adjusted to 63%. The above-mentioned solid inoculum was inoculated into this and cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1, and
The number of bottles from which mature fruiting bodies were obtained, the yield of fruiting bodies per bottle, and the number of growing days were measured, and the liquid mixed dried products (16) to (18) were used in the artificial cultivation of the mushroom bed of Hataketake medaka F-1.
The effects of the 488 strain on the number of days required for bacterium rotation, incidence, yield, and number of days of growth were examined. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0042]

[Table 7]

As is clear from Table 7, when liquid mixed dried products (16) to (18) were used in the bacterial bed artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushroom, powder mixture (17), (18) or calcium silicoaluminate compound was used. Compared with the case of using lactic acid, a fruiting body can be obtained with a smaller amount of addition, and the operability of addition is
Only one metered addition was required, which was a marked improvement. In addition, it did not affect the number of days around the bacterium and the yield.

Example 7 In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake shimeji mushroom strain IFO 30161 strain distributed from the Fermentation Research Institute was prepared. On the other hand, calcium silicoaluminate compound and ascorbic acid [Nacalai Tesque, Inc., first-class reagent]
Was prepared in the same manner as the liquid mixed dried product (10) except that the ratio of calcium aluminate compound: ascorbic acid = 4: 2 was obtained to obtain a liquid mixed dried product (19). Similarly,
Ascorbic acid as itaconic acid [Nacalai Tesque, Inc.
Manufactured by Mitsui Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade of reagent], and a liquid mixed dried product (20) was obtained in the same manner as the liquid mixed dried product (19). Similarly, ascorbic acid was changed to maleic acid [Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., reagent special grade] in the same manner as the liquid mixed dried product (19),
A liquid mixed dried product (21) was obtained. On the other hand, liquid mixed dried product (19)
Powders (19) to (21) were obtained by mixing powders with the same raw materials and the same proportions as in (21). Next, as in Example 1, 100 g of sawdust (cedar material) and 86 g of rice bran were thoroughly mixed, and
Liquid mixed dried product (19)-(21) or powder mixed product (19)-(21)
Of 0, 3, 4, 5, or 6 g was added to adjust the water content to 6
32 solid culture media adjusted to 3% were prepared for each section. This was inoculated with the above solid inoculum and cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1,
Liquid-mixed dried product (19)
The effects of (21)-(21) on the number of days around the fungus, the incidence, the yield, and the number of days of growth of the Hatake shimeji IFO 30161 strain were investigated in the artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushrooms. The results are shown in Table 8.

[0045]

[Table 8]

As is clear from Table 8, when the liquid mixed dried products (19) to (21) were used in the artificial cultivation of the mushroom bed of Hatake shimeji mushroom, the liquid mixture dried products (19) to (21) were more excellent than the powder mixture (19) to (21). Fruiting bodies were obtained with a small amount of addition, and in terms of operability of addition, one metered addition was sufficient, which was a marked improvement. In addition, it did not affect the number of days around the bacterium and the yield.

Example 8 In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake shimeji mushroom strain IFO 30260 strain distributed from the Fermentation Research Institute was prepared. On the other hand, as an incidence rate improver, magnesium aluminometasilicate [Fuji Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name Neusilin] and calcium carbonate [Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd.],
Reagent special grade], anhydrous citric acid [Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., reagent first grade] is used as a microbial cell improvement agent, magnesium aluminometasilicate: calcium carbonate: citric acid = 2:
A liquid-mixed dried product (22) was obtained in the same manner as the liquid-mixed dried product (10) except that the ratio was 3: 2. Similarly, a liquid mixed dried product (23) was obtained in the same manner as the liquid mixed dried product (22), except that magnesium aluminometasilicate was used as the calcium aluminosilicate compound. Similarly, calcium hydroxide [Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd.
Manufactured by Reagent 1st Class], and citric acid anhydride [Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd. manufactured by Reagent 1st Class] as an agent for improving the circulation of bacteria, except that calcium hydroxide: citric acid = 6: 2 was used. Liquid mixed dried product (22) A liquid mixed dried product (24) was obtained in the same manner as. On the other hand, powders were mixed with the same raw materials and the same ratios as the liquid mixed dried products (22) to (24) to obtain powder mixtures (22) to (24). Next, as in Example 1, 100 g of sawdust (cedar material) and 8 rice bran
6 g was mixed well, and the liquid mixed dried product (22), (2
3), or 0, 4, 5, 6, or 7 g of powder mixture (22), (23), or liquid mixture dried product (24), or powder mixture (24)
0, 5, 6, 7, or 8 g was added to prepare 32 solid culture media in which the water content was adjusted to 63% in each section. This was inoculated with the above solid inoculum and cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the number of days around the bacterium, the number of bottles from which mature fruiting bodies were obtained, the fruiting body yield per bottle, and the number of growing days were measured, and the liquid Mixed dry matter
The effects of (22) to (24) on the number of days around the fungus, the incidence, the yield, and the number of days of growth of the Hatake shimeji IFO 30260 strain were investigated in the artificial cultivation of the mushroom bed of Hatake shimeji. The results are shown in Table 9.

[0048]

[Table 9]

As is apparent from Table 9, when the liquid mixed dried products (22) to (24) were used in the artificial cultivation of the mushroom bed of Hatake shimeji mushroom, the liquid mixed dried products (22) to (24) were more effective than the powder mixed products (22) to (24). Fruiting bodies were obtained with a small amount of addition, and in terms of operability of addition, one metered addition was sufficient, which was a marked improvement. In addition, it did not affect the number of days around the bacterium and the yield.

Example 9 In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake shimeji mushroom strain IFO 32184 strain distributed from the Fermentation Research Institute was prepared. On the other hand, calcium oxide [Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade reagent] as an incidence rate improver, citric acid anhydride [Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd. first grade reagent] as a microbial circulation improver
Was prepared in the same manner as the liquid mixed dried product (10) except that the ratio of calcium oxide: citric acid = 6: 2 was used to obtain a liquid mixed dried product (25). Similarly, a liquid mixed dried product (26) was obtained in the same manner as the liquid mixed dried product (25) except that calcium carbonate was changed to calcium carbonate [Nacalai Tesque, Inc., reagent first grade]. Similarly, except that the calcium oxide was calcium silicate [Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., for chemicals, aprox (approx CaSiO ₃ )], in the same manner as the liquid mixed dried product (25), the liquid mixed dried product ( 27) got.
On the other hand, powder was mixed with the same raw materials and the same ratio as the liquid mixed dried products (25) to (27) to obtain powder mixtures (25) to (27). Next, as in Example 1, 100 g of sawdust (cedar material) and 8 rice bran
6 g was mixed well, and the liquid mixed dried product (25) to (2
7) or the powder mixture (25) to (27) was added to 0, 5, 6, 7, or 8 g, and 32 solid culture media in which the water content was adjusted to 63% were prepared for each section. This was inoculated with the above solid inoculum and cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the number of days around the bacterium, the number of bottles from which mature fruiting bodies were obtained, the fruiting body yield per bottle, and the number of growing days were measured, and the liquid The mixed dried products (25) to (27) are used for the artificial cultivation of the mushroom bed of Hatake mushroom, IFO 3218.
The effects of the four strains on the number of days around the fungus, the incidence, the yield, and the number of days of growth were examined. The results are shown in Table 10.

[0051]

[Table 10]

As is clear from Table 10, when the liquid mixed dried products (25) to (27) were used in the artificial cultivation of the mushroom bed of Hatake shimeji mushrooms, the liquid mixed dried products (25) to (27) were more effective than the powder mixed products (25) to (27). Fruiting bodies were obtained with a small amount of addition, and in terms of operability of addition, one metered addition was sufficient, which was a marked improvement. In addition, it did not affect the number of days around the bacterium and the yield.

Example 10 In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of the Hatake shimeji mushroom strain IFO 32185 strain distributed from the Fermentation Research Institute was prepared. On the other hand, magnesium aluminometasilicate [Fuji Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name Neusilin] is used as an incidence rate improver, and anhydrous citric acid [Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., first-grade reagent] is used as a bacteria-surrounding improver. A liquid mixed dried product (28) was obtained in the same manner as the liquid mixed dried product (10), except that the ratio of magnesium aluminate: citric acid = 8: 2. On the other hand, powder was mixed with the same raw material and the same ratio as the liquid mixed dried product (28) to obtain a powder mixture (28). Next, Example 1 except that beech wood was used as sawdust
Similarly to 100g of sawdust (beech wood) and 86g of rice bran, mixed well with this, liquid mixed dry matter (28) or powder mixture
(28) was added in an amount of 0, 7, 8, 9 or 10 g to prepare 32 solid culture mediums each having a water content of 63%. This was inoculated with the above solid inoculum and cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the number of days around the bacterium, the number of bottles from which mature fruiting bodies were obtained, the fruiting body yield per bottle, and the number of growing days were measured, and the liquid The mixed dried product (28) is a mushroom bed artificial cultivation of Hatake-shimeji mushroom, and the number of days around the strain, the incidence rate of the Hatake-shimeji mushroom IFO 32185 strain,
The effects on yield and growth days were examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
Shown in 1.

[0054]

[Table 11]

As is clear from Table 11, when the liquid mixed dried product (28) is used in the bacterial bed artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushroom, the fruiting body is obtained by adding a smaller amount than the case of using the powder mixture (28). And the operability of addition is 1
It was sufficient to add a metered amount, and it was remarkably improved. In addition, it did not affect the number of days around the bacterium and the yield.

Example 11 In the same manner as in Example 1, a solid inoculum of Hatake-Shimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, aluminum oxide [Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd., for chromatography, active type] and calcium carbonate [Nacalai Tesque, first-grade reagent] as an incidence improving agent, and silicic acid anhydride [Nacalai Tesque, first-grade reagent] as a bacterial rotation improving agent. , Sedimentation] and anhydrous citric acid, aluminum oxide: calcium carbonate: silicic acid: citric acid = 1:
A liquid-mixed dried product (29) was obtained in the same manner as the liquid-mixed dried product (10) except that the ratio was 4: 1: 4. On the other hand, powder was mixed with the same raw material and the same ratio as the liquid mixed dried product (29) to obtain a powder mixture (29). Next, as in the first embodiment,
100 g of sawdust (cedar material) and 86 g of rice bran were mixed well, and the dried mixture of liquid (29) or the mixture of powder (29) was mixed with 0,
Thirty-two solid culture media in which 2, 3, 4, or 5 g were added to adjust the water content to 63% were prepared for each section. This was inoculated with the above solid inoculum and cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the number of days around the bacterium, the number of bottles from which mature fruiting bodies were obtained, the fruiting body yield per bottle, and the number of growing days were measured, and the liquid The mixed dried product (29) is used for the artificial cultivation of the mushroom bed of Hatake mushroom, K-3
The effects of the 304 strain on the number of days around the fungus, the incidence, the yield, and the number of days of growth were examined. The results are shown in Table 12.

[0057]

[Table 12]

As is apparent from Table 12, in the artificial cultivation of the mushroom bed of Hatake shimeji mushroom, when the liquid mixed dried product (29) was used, a fruiting body was obtained with a smaller amount of addition than when the powder mixture (29) was used. And the operability of addition is 1
It was sufficient to add a metered amount, and it was remarkably improved. In addition, it did not affect the number of days around the bacterium and the yield.

[0059]

As described above, according to the present invention, in a method for artificially cultivating a fungus bed using a medium containing an incidence improving agent and a bacteria-surrounding improving agent, the incidence improving agent can be uniformly treated without impairing operability. It is possible to add a bacteria-surrounding improver, and together with the fact that the addition amount of the incidence-enhancing agent and the bacteria-surrounding improver can be smaller, it is simpler than ever, and a high-yield industrial Japanese mushroom fruit body, A method for producing a mycelium and an efficient medium used for the method are provided.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yoshihiro Makita, 3-4-1, Seta, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, Central Research Laboratory, Taso Shuzo Co., Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A-5-192035 (JP, A) Kaihei 5-252828 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 1/04 JSTPLUS (STN)

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. An incidence rate improver and citric acid, malic acid,
Ascorbic acid, alginic acid, itaconic acid, silicic acid, co
From the group consisting of succinic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, and lactic acid
In a method for artificially cultivating a mushroom bed of Hatake shimeji mushrooms using a solid medium containing a bacterial growth improving agent comprising one or more kinds of selected acids, the incidence improving agent and bacterial growth improving agent are brought into a solution or suspension state in advance. A method for artificially cultivating fruiting bodies of Pleurotus cornucopiae, characterized in that a solid medium is mixed with the thus obtained mixture and then dried. 2. An incidence improving agent and citric acid, malic acid,
Ascorbic acid, alginic acid, itaconic acid, silicic acid, co
From the group consisting of succinic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, and lactic acid
In a method for cultivating mycelium of Hatake shimeji mushroom, which uses a solid medium containing a bacteria-improving agent comprising one or more kinds of selected acids, the incidence improving agent and the bacteria-improving agent are brought into a solution or suspension state in advance. A method for cultivating a mycelium of Pleurotus cornucopiae characterized in that a solid medium is mixed with the thus obtained mixture and then dried. 3. An incidence improving agent and citric acid, malic acid,
Ascorbic acid, alginic acid, itaconic acid, silicic acid, co
From the group consisting of succinic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, and lactic acid
A solid medium for Hatake shimeji mushrooms containing a bacterial growth improving agent comprising one or more selected acids , wherein the incidence improving agent and the bacterial growth improving agent are mixed in advance in a solution or suspension state, A solid medium for Hatake shimeji mushroom, which comprises a product obtained by subsequent drying. 4. The drying method is a spray drying method, a freeze drying method,
Alternatively, the method for artificially cultivating fruit bodies of Hatake shimeji mushroom according to claim 1, which is a drum drying method.