CN113080008A - Integrated formed cultivation medium for gardening plants - Google Patents
Integrated formed cultivation medium for gardening plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN113080008A CN113080008A CN202110275377.8A CN202110275377A CN113080008A CN 113080008 A CN113080008 A CN 113080008A CN 202110275377 A CN202110275377 A CN 202110275377A CN 113080008 A CN113080008 A CN 113080008A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/13—Zeolites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
An integrally formed cultivation medium for gardening plants relates to the technical field of plant cultivation media; the composition comprises the following raw materials: peat, coconut chaff, vermiculite, perlite, volcanic rock, diatomite, sunstone, clinoptilolite, red jade soil, deer algae soil, tung green sand and organic fertilizer; the invention has the advantages of water and fertilizer retention, stable physical and chemical properties, proper volume weight and suitability for plant growth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation media, in particular to an integrally-formed cultivation medium for horticultural plants.
Background
Plant growth media are broadly divided into three categories according to source: natural soil, improved soil added with a conditioner and a soilless culture substrate. The soilless culture substrate is generally prepared by using natural minerals, industrial and agricultural organic and inorganic waste simple substances or mixed/complex substances. Compared with the first two types of soil cultivation, the soilless culture substrate has the fertility characteristics of water, fertilizer, gas, heat and the like which are similar to natural soil and can be used for plant growth, can adjust physical and chemical properties according to different plant production requirements, and has the advantages of water and fertilizer saving, soil pollution prevention and the like.
The traditional garden soil has the defects of poor air permeability and more plant diseases and insect pests, so that the growth speed of plants is slow and the leaf color is light. On the other hand, wall potted plants have great ornamental value, and the plants planted are hung on the wall, which requires light weight and strong water retention of culture medium, while the traditional garden soil cultivation mode has heavy weight and poor water retention, and is not suitable for the cultivation of the wall potted plants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation medium for integrally-formed horticultural plants, which has the advantages of water and fertilizer retention, stable physical and chemical properties, proper volume weight and suitability for plant growth, aiming at the defects and the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the cultivation medium for the integrally-formed horticultural plant consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-9 parts of peat, 6-9 parts of coconut coir, 16-21 parts of vermiculite, 16-21 parts of perlite, 16-21 parts of volcanic rock, 5-7 parts of diatomite, 38-42 parts of sunstone, 16-21 parts of clinoptilolite, 11-16 parts of red jade soil, 6-9 parts of deer algae soil, 5-10 parts of tung green sand and 5-10 parts of organic fertilizer.
The peat, the sunstone, the clinoptilolite, the vermiculite, the perlite, the volcanic rock and the tung crude sand are particles obtained by processing the peat, the sunstone, the clinoptilolite, the vermiculite, the perlite, the volcanic rock and the tung crude sand for 2-3 hours in the same pressure vessel at 550 +/-10 ℃ under the pressure of 200 +/-10 MPa, the particle size of the peat, the sunstone, the red jade soil, the deer biogas soil and the diatomite is 2-5 mm.
Perlite is an acidic volcanic eruption lava similar to rhyolite, and is formed into spherical vitreous rock with arc or circular cracks due to rapid cooling after eruption. The perlite is generally light gray, light green and brown, the content of silicon dioxide reaches 70%, the content of water is 3-5%, when the perlite is heated to 850-900 ℃, the volume of the perlite is expanded due to vitreous softening, and the water is evaporated, so that the volume of the perlite can reach 7-16 times of the original volume, and the perlite is the expanded perlite. The expansion multiple k0 of the expanded perlite is more than 5-15 times, the volume weight is less than or equal to 80kg/m 3-200 kg/m3, the content of silicon dioxide is about 70%, and the water content is 4-6%. The perlite is specifically expanded perlite.
The deer marsh soil is a rare substance, is produced in volcanic regions, is generated from lower-layer volcanic soil, is in the form of volcanic sand, has an acidic pH value and a plurality of holes, and has high air permeability and water permeability. (suitable for soil mixing and paving).
Vermiculite is a natural, inorganic, non-toxic mineral substance, which expands under the action of high temperature. It is a rare mineral and belongs to silicate. Its crystal structure is monoclinic, and looks like mica in its appearance. Vermiculite is produced when certain granites are hydrated. It is generally produced simultaneously with asbestos. Because vermiculite has ion exchange capacity, it has great effect on soil nutrition.
Diatomite is a siliceous rock, a biogenic siliceous sedimentary rock, which is mainly composed of remains of ancient diatoms, and the mineral components are opals and varieties thereof. Has the properties of fineness, looseness, light weight, porosity, water absorption and strong permeability. (suitable for soil mixing and paving and has certain insecticidal effect).
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1; according to the proportion, crushing a raw material A of aragonite, a raw material B of clinoptilolite, a raw material C of tung green sand, a raw material D of vermiculite, a raw material E of perlite and a raw material F of volcanic rock;
step 2, high-temperature high-pressure treatment of the raw material A, B, C, D, E, F: heating the kettle by a double-circulation electric heating furnace through a high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle to enable the temperature of oil in the kettle to reach 550 +/-10 ℃, keeping constant temperature and constant pressure for 2-3 hours when the pressure is increased to 200 +/-10 MPa, closing the reaction kettle to slowly cool the reaction kettle until the temperature is reduced to about 200 ℃, taking out the reaction kettle, and storing the reaction kettle in a dryer for later use;
step 3, grading and screening: preparing the raw material A, B, C subjected to high-temperature and high-pressure treatment into particles with the particle size diameter of 3-5 mm for later use; the peat, the sunstone, the clinoptilolite, the vermiculite, the perlite, the volcanic rock and the tung crude sand are particles obtained by processing the peat, the sunstone, the clinoptilolite, the vermiculite, the perlite, the volcanic rock and the tung crude sand for 2-3 hours in the same pressure vessel at 550 +/-10 ℃ under the pressure of 200 +/-10 MPa, the particle size of the peat, the sunstone, the red jade soil, the deer biogas soil and the diatomite is 2-5 mm;
step 4, according to the mixture ratio, taking the raw material G of red jade soil, the raw material H of diatomite and the raw material I of deer biogas soil, and screening and grading to obtain the particle size of 2-5 mm;
step 5, mixing the mixture obtained in the step 3 and the mixture obtained in the step 4, and then carrying out impurity removal, grinding, washing and hot air drying processes to obtain a mixture X;
step 6, mixing the organic fertilizer with excrement and straw materials, adjusting the components of the materials, adjusting the moisture of the common compost materials to 60%, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed materials to about 30%, adjusting the air permeability of the materials, wherein the proportion of the excrement to the straw is generally 6-8: 4-2, the organic fertilizer starter (organic matter decomposing agent) is mixed in when the materials are mixed according to the dry and wet conditions of the materials. The materials are transported and piled up, the height of the pile body is controlled to be about 1.5 meters, the width is controlled to be 1.5-2 meters, the length is determined according to the amount of the materials, the pile body can be basically well decomposed after being piled up and fermented for about 20-30 days, the pile is turned over once every 5-7 days in the fermentation process so as to fully supply oxygen to the materials, emit moisture, adjust the temperature, fully attach the materials, evaporate the moisture and become dry, and then the high-quality organic fertilizer Y can be obtained.
Step 7; and stirring the mixture X and the organic matter Y by a stirrer for 1-2 h to obtain the culture medium.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the medium overcomes the defects of large volume, easy loosening and falling, easy pest breeding and the like of the traditional plant cultivation medium, and forms a light environment-friendly integrated plant cultivation medium with excellent physicochemical properties. On the premise of ensuring the normal growth of plants and the landscape effect, the circulation can be realized from the selection of raw materials of the cultivation medium, the proportioning of the raw materials and the recovery of the cultivation medium, the waste of natural resources is avoided, and the cultivation medium is a novel environment-friendly product.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The technical scheme adopted by the specific implementation mode is as follows: the cultivation medium for the integrally-formed horticultural plant consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of peat, 6 parts of coconut coir, 16 parts of vermiculite, 16 parts of perlite, 16 parts of volcanic rock, 5 parts of diatomite, 38 parts of sunstone, 16 parts of clinoptilolite, 11 parts of red jade soil, 6 parts of deer algae soil, 5 parts of tung green sand and 5 parts of organic fertilizer.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1; according to the proportion, crushing a raw material A of aragonite, a raw material B of clinoptilolite, a raw material C of tung green sand, a raw material D of vermiculite, a raw material E of perlite and a raw material F of volcanic rock;
step 2, high-temperature high-pressure treatment of the raw material A, B, C, D, E, F: heating the kettle by a double-circulation electric heating furnace through a high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle to enable the temperature of oil in the kettle to reach 550 +/-10 ℃, keeping constant temperature and constant pressure for 2-3 hours when the pressure is increased to 200 +/-10 MPa, closing the reaction kettle to slowly cool the reaction kettle until the temperature is reduced to about 200 ℃, taking out the reaction kettle, and storing the reaction kettle in a dryer for later use;
step 3, grading and screening: preparing the raw material A, B, C subjected to high-temperature and high-pressure treatment into particles with the particle size diameter of 3-5 mm for later use; the peat, the sunstone, the clinoptilolite, the vermiculite, the perlite, the volcanic rock and the tung crude sand are particles obtained by processing the peat, the sunstone, the clinoptilolite, the vermiculite, the perlite, the volcanic rock and the tung crude sand for 2-3 hours in the same pressure vessel at 550 +/-10 ℃ under the pressure of 200 +/-10 MPa, the particle size of the peat, the sunstone, the red jade soil, the deer biogas soil and the diatomite is 2-5 mm;
step 4, according to the mixture ratio, taking the raw material G of red jade soil, the raw material H of diatomite and the raw material I of deer biogas soil, and screening and grading to obtain the particle size of 2-5 mm;
step 5, mixing the mixture obtained in the step 3 and the mixture obtained in the step 4, and then carrying out impurity removal, grinding, washing and hot air drying processes to obtain a mixture X;
step 6, mixing the organic fertilizer with excrement and straw materials, adjusting the components of the materials, adjusting the moisture of the common compost materials to 60%, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed materials to about 30%, adjusting the air permeability of the materials, wherein the proportion of the excrement to the straw is generally 6-8: 4-2, the organic fertilizer starter (organic matter decomposing agent) is mixed in when the materials are mixed according to the dry and wet conditions of the materials. The materials are transported and piled up, the height of the pile body is controlled to be about 1.5 meters, the width is controlled to be 1.5-2 meters, the length is determined according to the amount of the materials, the pile body can be basically well decomposed after being piled up and fermented for about 20-30 days, the pile is turned over once every 5-7 days in the fermentation process so as to fully supply oxygen to the materials, emit moisture, adjust the temperature, fully attach the materials, evaporate the moisture and become dry, and then the high-quality organic fertilizer Y can be obtained.
Step 7; and stirring the mixture X and the organic matter Y by a stirrer for 1-2 h to obtain the culture medium.
The oligosaccharide is a novel functional carbohydrate source and is widely applied to the fields of food, health care products, beverages, medicines, feed additives and the like. The oligosaccharide integrates nutrition, health care and food therapy, and is widely applied to the fields of food, health care products, beverages, medicines and the like.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the composite material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of peat, 7 parts of coconut coir, 18 parts of vermiculite, 18 parts of perlite, 18 parts of volcanic rock, 6 parts of diatomite, 40 parts of sunstone, 18 parts of clinoptilolite, 13 parts of red jade soil, 8 parts of deer algae soil, 8 parts of tung green sand and 8 parts of organic fertilizer, and the composition and preparation method of other raw materials are the same as those in example 1.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the composite material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of peat, 9 parts of coconut coir, 21 parts of vermiculite, 21 parts of perlite, 21 parts of volcanic rock, 7 parts of diatomite, 42 parts of sunstone, 21 parts of clinoptilolite, 16 parts of red jade soil, 9 parts of kayaku soil, 10 parts of tung raw sand and 10 parts of organic fertilizer, and the composition and preparation method of other raw materials are the same as those in example 1.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the medium overcomes the defects of large volume, easy loosening and falling, easy pest breeding and the like of the traditional plant cultivation medium, and forms a light environment-friendly integrated plant cultivation medium with excellent physicochemical properties. On the premise of ensuring the normal growth of plants and the landscape effect, the circulation can be realized from the selection of raw materials of the cultivation medium, the proportioning of the raw materials and the recovery of the cultivation medium, the waste of natural resources is avoided, and the cultivation medium is a novel environment-friendly product.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The cultivation medium for the integrally formed horticultural plant is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-9 parts of peat, 6-9 parts of coconut coir, 16-21 parts of vermiculite, 16-21 parts of perlite, 16-21 parts of volcanic rock, 5-7 parts of diatomite, 38-42 parts of sunstone, 16-21 parts of clinoptilolite, 11-16 parts of red jade soil, 6-9 parts of deer algae soil, 5-10 parts of tung green sand and 5-10 parts of organic fertilizer.
2. The cultivation medium of the integrally formed gardening plant is characterized in that the preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1; according to the proportion, crushing a raw material A of aragonite, a raw material B of clinoptilolite, a raw material C of tung green sand, a raw material D of vermiculite, a raw material E of perlite and a raw material F of volcanic rock; step 2, high-temperature high-pressure treatment of the raw material A, B, C, D, E, F: closing the reaction kettle to slowly cool, and performing step 3, classified screening: preparing the raw material A, B, C subjected to high-temperature and high-pressure treatment into particles with sizes for later use; the peat, the sunstone, the clinoptilolite, the vermiculite, the perlite, the volcanic rock and the tung raw sand are granulated in the same pressure container, and step 4, according to the mixture ratio, the raw material G of the red jade soil, the raw material H of the diatomite and the raw material I of the deer biogas soil are sieved and graded to obtain granules; step 5, mixing the mixture obtained in the step 3 and the mixture obtained in the step 4, and then carrying out impurity removal, grinding, washing and hot air drying processes to obtain a mixture X; step 6, mixing the organic fertilizer with excrement and straw materials, adjusting the components of the materials, adjusting the moisture of the common compost materials to 60%, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed materials to about 30%, adjusting the air permeability of the materials, wherein the proportion of the excrement to the straw is generally 6-8: 4-2, specifically, according to the dry and wet conditions of the materials, stirring an organic fertilizer leavening agent (organic matter decomposing agent) during material proportioning, carrying and stacking the materials, controlling the height of a stack body to be about 1.5 meters, the width to be 1.5-2 meters, determining the length to be the amount of the materials, fermenting the stack body for about 20-30 days to basically decompose, turning the stack body once every 5-7 days in the fermentation process to fully supply oxygen to the materials, emitting moisture, adjusting the temperature, fully attaching the materials, and evaporating and drying the moisture to obtain a high-quality organic fertilizer Y, and step 7; and stirring the mixture X and the organic matter Y by a stirrer for 1-2 h to obtain the culture medium.
3. The integrally formed horticultural plant-growing medium of claim 2, wherein: in the step 2, the high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle is heated by a double-circulation electric heating furnace, so that the temperature of oil in the kettle reaches 550 +/-10 ℃, and the constant temperature and the constant pressure are kept for 2-3 hours under the state of pressurizing to 200 +/-10 MPa.
4. The integrally formed horticultural plant-growing medium of claim 2, wherein: in the step 3, the raw material G of the gibberella soil, the raw material H of the diatomite and the raw material I of the deer biogas soil are sieved and classified, and the particle size is 2-5 mm.
5. The purple crystal cake as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of peat, 7 parts of coconut coir, 18 parts of vermiculite, 18 parts of perlite, 18 parts of volcanic rock, 6 parts of diatomite, 40 parts of sunstone, 18 parts of clinoptilolite, 13 parts of red jade soil, 8 parts of deer algae soil, 8 parts of tung green sand and 8 parts of organic fertilizer.
6. The purple crystal cake as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of peat, 6 parts of coconut coir, 16 parts of vermiculite, 16 parts of perlite, 16 parts of volcanic rock, 5 parts of diatomite, 38 parts of sunstone, 16 parts of clinoptilolite, 11 parts of red jade soil, 6 parts of deer algae soil, 5 parts of tung green sand and 5 parts of organic fertilizer.
7. The purple crystal cake as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of peat, 9 parts of coconut coir, 21 parts of vermiculite, 21 parts of perlite, 21 parts of volcanic rock, 7 parts of diatomite, 42 parts of sunstone, 21 parts of clinoptilolite, 16 parts of red jade soil, 9 parts of deer algae soil, 10 parts of tung green sand and 10 parts of organic fertilizer.
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Cited By (1)
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CN116897804A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-10-20 | 北京鑫京植园林绿化有限公司 | Nutrient soil for plant planting and planting method |
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