JP2002053925A - 改良された耐疲労割れ成長性を有するアルミニウム薄板製品およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
改良された耐疲労割れ成長性を有するアルミニウム薄板製品およびその製造方法Info
- Publication number
- JP2002053925A JP2002053925A JP2001177711A JP2001177711A JP2002053925A JP 2002053925 A JP2002053925 A JP 2002053925A JP 2001177711 A JP2001177711 A JP 2001177711A JP 2001177711 A JP2001177711 A JP 2001177711A JP 2002053925 A JP2002053925 A JP 2002053925A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sheet product
- sheet
- weight
- based alloy
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 49
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 47
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910018137 Al-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910018573 Al—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910018464 Al—Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019094 Mg-S Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910019397 Mg—S Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 92
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum zinc Chemical compound [Al].[Zn] FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 aluminum-magnesium-silicon Chemical compound 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007656 fracture toughness test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 102220253765 rs141230910 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012758 reinforcing additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US591904 | 2000-06-12 | ||
| US09/591,904 US6562154B1 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2000-06-12 | Aluminum sheet products having improved fatigue crack growth resistance and methods of making same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002053925A true JP2002053925A (ja) | 2002-02-19 |
| JP2002053925A5 JP2002053925A5 (enExample) | 2004-07-08 |
Family
ID=24368434
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001177711A Pending JP2002053925A (ja) | 2000-06-12 | 2001-06-12 | 改良された耐疲労割れ成長性を有するアルミニウム薄板製品およびその製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6562154B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1170394B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2002053925A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2349793C (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE60102870T2 (enExample) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005526901A (ja) * | 2001-07-23 | 2005-09-08 | コラス・アルミニウム・バルツプロドウクテ・ゲーエムベーハー | 溶接可能な高強度Al−Mg−Si合金 |
| JP2007509230A (ja) * | 2003-10-03 | 2007-04-12 | アルコア インコーポレイテッド | リチウムが補助的に添加されたアルミニウム−銅−マグネシウム合金 |
| JP2009534191A (ja) * | 2006-04-21 | 2009-09-24 | アルカン レナリュ | 差別的な歪み硬化を含む航空機製造向け構造要素の製造方法 |
| JP2015108163A (ja) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-06-11 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | アルミニウム合金クラッド板およびアルミニウム合金クラッド構造部材 |
| JP2016502601A (ja) * | 2012-11-08 | 2016-01-28 | コンステリウム フランス | 航空機製造用の変厚構造要素の製造方法 |
| WO2017126650A1 (ja) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-07-27 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | アルミニウム基合金 |
| JP2018535314A (ja) * | 2015-09-29 | 2018-11-29 | オプシチェストボ エス オグラニチェンノイ オトヴェストヴェンノストユ “オベディネンナヤ カンパニア ルサール インゼネルノ−テクノロギケスキー チェントル”Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennost’Yu ‘Obedinennaya Kompaniya Rusal Inzhenerno−Tekhnologicheskiy Tsentr’ | 高強度アルミニウム合金およびそれから物品を製造する方法 |
| JP2018204099A (ja) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-12-27 | ザ・ボーイング・カンパニーThe Boeing Company | 銅、リチウム、及び少なくとも1種のアルカリ土類金属又は希土類金属の添加物を含むアルミニウム合金、及びその製造方法 |
| KR20220143933A (ko) * | 2020-04-29 | 2022-10-25 | 알레리스 로울드 프로덕츠 저머니 게엠베하 | 클래드 2xxx-계열 항공우주 생성물 |
| JP2022545272A (ja) * | 2019-08-22 | 2022-10-26 | ノベリス・コブレンツ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | クラッド2xxxシリーズ航空宇宙用製品 |
Families Citing this family (93)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2838135B1 (fr) * | 2002-04-05 | 2005-01-28 | Pechiney Rhenalu | PRODUITS CORROYES EN ALLIAGES A1-Zn-Mg-Cu A TRES HAUTES CARACTERISTIQUES MECANIQUES, ET ELEMENTS DE STRUCTURE D'AERONEF |
| EP1523583B1 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2017-03-15 | Constellium Issoire | Alcumg alloys for aerospace application |
| FR2842212B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-11 | 2004-08-13 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Element de structure d'avion en alliage a1-cu-mg |
| US7323068B2 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2008-01-29 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | High damage tolerant Al-Cu alloy |
| US7604704B2 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2009-10-20 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | Balanced Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy product |
| US7494552B2 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2009-02-24 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | Al-Cu alloy with high toughness |
| US7060139B2 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2006-06-13 | Ues, Inc. | High strength aluminum alloy composition |
| JP2004273472A (ja) * | 2003-01-14 | 2004-09-30 | Tadahiro Omi | プラズマ処理装置用の部材,処理装置用の部材,プラズマ処理装置,処理装置及びプラズマ処理方法 |
| US7666267B2 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2010-02-23 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with improved damage tolerance-strength combination properties |
| GB2415202B (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2007-08-29 | Corus Aluminium Walzprod Gmbh | An Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy |
| US20050034794A1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2005-02-17 | Rinze Benedictus | High strength Al-Zn alloy and method for producing such an alloy product |
| US8043445B2 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2011-10-25 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | High-damage tolerant alloy product in particular for aerospace applications |
| US20060032560A1 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2006-02-16 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | Method for producing a high damage tolerant aluminium alloy |
| DE10352932B4 (de) * | 2003-11-11 | 2007-05-24 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Aluminium-Gusslegierung |
| DE102004013777B4 (de) * | 2004-03-20 | 2005-12-29 | Hydro Aluminium Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussteils aus einer AL/Si-Gusslegierung |
| US7547366B2 (en) * | 2004-07-15 | 2009-06-16 | Alcoa Inc. | 2000 Series alloys with enhanced damage tolerance performance for aerospace applications |
| US7883591B2 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2011-02-08 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | High-strength, high toughness Al-Zn alloy product and method for producing such product |
| DE102005045341A1 (de) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-07-20 | Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh | Hochfestes, hochzähes Al-Zn-Legierungsprodukt und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solches Produkts |
| US20060118217A1 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-06-08 | Alcoa Inc. | Method of manufacturing heat treated sheet and plate with reduced levels of residual stress and improved flatness |
| EP1683882B2 (de) | 2005-01-19 | 2010-07-21 | Otto Fuchs KG | Abschreckunempfindliche Aluminiumlegierung sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Halbzeuges aus dieser Legierung |
| US7998402B2 (en) | 2005-08-16 | 2011-08-16 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz, GmbH | High strength weldable Al-Mg alloy |
| US20070131317A1 (en) * | 2005-12-12 | 2007-06-14 | Accellent | Nickel-titanium alloy with a non-alloyed dispersion and methods of making same |
| US8608876B2 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2013-12-17 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | AA7000-series aluminum alloy products and a method of manufacturing thereof |
| FR2907466B1 (fr) * | 2006-07-07 | 2011-06-10 | Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh | Produits en alliage d'aluminium de la serie aa7000 et leur procede de fabrication |
| US10161020B2 (en) * | 2007-10-01 | 2018-12-25 | Arconic Inc. | Recrystallized aluminum alloys with brass texture and methods of making the same |
| US8980021B2 (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2015-03-17 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Metal treatment to eliminate hot tear defects in low silicon aluminum alloys |
| US20090260724A1 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-22 | United Technologies Corporation | Heat treatable L12 aluminum alloys |
| US7875133B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2011-01-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Heat treatable L12 aluminum alloys |
| US20090263273A1 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-22 | United Technologies Corporation | High strength L12 aluminum alloys |
| US7871477B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2011-01-18 | United Technologies Corporation | High strength L12 aluminum alloys |
| US8409373B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2013-04-02 | United Technologies Corporation | L12 aluminum alloys with bimodal and trimodal distribution |
| US8017072B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2011-09-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Dispersion strengthened L12 aluminum alloys |
| US8002912B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2011-08-23 | United Technologies Corporation | High strength L12 aluminum alloys |
| US7811395B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2010-10-12 | United Technologies Corporation | High strength L12 aluminum alloys |
| US7875131B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2011-01-25 | United Technologies Corporation | L12 strengthened amorphous aluminum alloys |
| US7879162B2 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2011-02-01 | United Technologies Corporation | High strength aluminum alloys with L12 precipitates |
| DE102008032911B4 (de) * | 2008-07-12 | 2017-05-11 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formteils |
| DE102008056511B4 (de) * | 2008-11-08 | 2011-01-20 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung dünnwandiger Metallbauteile aus einer AI-SiMg-Legierung, insbesondere von Bauteilen eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
| US8778099B2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2014-07-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Conversion process for heat treatable L12 aluminum alloys |
| US20100143177A1 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2010-06-10 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for forming high strength aluminum alloys containing L12 intermetallic dispersoids |
| US8778098B2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2014-07-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for producing high strength aluminum alloy powder containing L12 intermetallic dispersoids |
| US8333853B2 (en) | 2009-01-16 | 2012-12-18 | Alcoa Inc. | Aging of aluminum alloys for improved combination of fatigue performance and strength |
| US8287668B2 (en) | 2009-01-22 | 2012-10-16 | Alcoa, Inc. | Aluminum-copper alloys containing vanadium |
| US20100226817A1 (en) * | 2009-03-05 | 2010-09-09 | United Technologies Corporation | High strength l12 aluminum alloys produced by cryomilling |
| US20100252148A1 (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Heat treatable l12 aluminum alloys |
| US20100254850A1 (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Ceracon forging of l12 aluminum alloys |
| US9611522B2 (en) * | 2009-05-06 | 2017-04-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Spray deposition of L12 aluminum alloys |
| US9127334B2 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2015-09-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Direct forging and rolling of L12 aluminum alloys for armor applications |
| RU2012106647A (ru) * | 2009-07-24 | 2013-08-27 | Алкоа Инк. | Улучшенные алюминиевые сплавы серии 5ххх и изготовленные из них деформированные изделия |
| US20110044844A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Hot compaction and extrusion of l12 aluminum alloys |
| US8728389B2 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2014-05-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Fabrication of L12 aluminum alloy tanks and other vessels by roll forming, spin forming, and friction stir welding |
| US8409496B2 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2013-04-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Superplastic forming high strength L12 aluminum alloys |
| US20110064599A1 (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2011-03-17 | United Technologies Corporation | Direct extrusion of shapes with l12 aluminum alloys |
| US9194027B2 (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2015-11-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of forming high strength aluminum alloy parts containing L12 intermetallic dispersoids by ring rolling |
| US8409497B2 (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2013-04-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Hot and cold rolling high strength L12 aluminum alloys |
| US20110091346A1 (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-04-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Forging deformation of L12 aluminum alloys |
| US20110091345A1 (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-04-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for fabrication of tubes using rolling and extrusion |
| US9163304B2 (en) * | 2010-04-20 | 2015-10-20 | Alcoa Inc. | High strength forged aluminum alloy products |
| US9090950B2 (en) | 2010-10-13 | 2015-07-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Abnormal grain growth suppression in aluminum alloys |
| WO2013172912A2 (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2013-11-21 | Alcoa Inc. | Improved aluminum-lithium alloys, and methods for producing the same |
| CN102816961B (zh) * | 2012-09-05 | 2014-06-11 | 江苏弗莱迪斯汽车系统有限公司 | 一种用于散热装置的铝合金材料及其制造方法 |
| EP2948571B1 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2018-09-12 | Aleris Rolled Products Germany GmbH | Method of forming an al-mg alloy plate product |
| FR3004197B1 (fr) | 2013-04-03 | 2015-03-27 | Constellium France | Toles minces en alliage d'aluminium-cuivre-lithium pour la fabrication de fuselages d'avion. |
| CN103334069B (zh) * | 2013-07-01 | 2015-05-13 | 江苏大学 | 提高7085型铝合金性能的热处理方法 |
| US20160201177A1 (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2016-07-14 | Drexel University | Selective Grain Boundary Engineering |
| CN103667814A (zh) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-03-26 | 茹林宝 | 一种铝合金型材 |
| RU2558807C1 (ru) * | 2014-08-25 | 2015-08-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") | Высокопрочный алюминиевый литейный сплав |
| RU2573164C1 (ru) * | 2014-10-02 | 2016-01-20 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет" (НИУ "БелГУ") | Высокопрочный деформируемый сплав на основе алюминия |
| WO2016111693A1 (en) | 2015-01-09 | 2016-07-14 | Apple Inc. | Processes to reduce interfacial enrichment of alloying elements under anodic oxide films and improve anodized appearance of heat treatable alloys |
| US20170051426A1 (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2017-02-23 | Apple Inc. | Processes to avoid anodic oxide delamination of anodized high strength aluminum alloys |
| CN105506423A (zh) * | 2015-08-25 | 2016-04-20 | 国网山东省电力公司临沂供电公司 | 电子安全带夹 |
| US10604826B2 (en) | 2015-12-17 | 2020-03-31 | Novelis Inc. | Aluminum microstructure for highly shaped products and associated methods |
| CN105506405A (zh) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-20 | 太仓顺如成建筑材料有限公司 | 一种建筑用铝合金材料 |
| US11603583B2 (en) | 2016-07-05 | 2023-03-14 | NanoAL LLC | Ribbons and powders from high strength corrosion resistant aluminum alloys |
| EP3481971A4 (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2019-12-25 | Nanoal LLC | STRIPS AND POWDER MADE OF HIGH-STRENGTH CORROSION-RESISTANT ALUMINUM ALLOYS |
| US11352708B2 (en) | 2016-08-10 | 2022-06-07 | Apple Inc. | Colored multilayer oxide coatings |
| US11242614B2 (en) | 2017-02-17 | 2022-02-08 | Apple Inc. | Oxide coatings for providing corrosion resistance on parts with edges and convex features |
| US20180251878A1 (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2018-09-06 | Novelis Inc. | High-strength, corrosion resistant aluminum alloys for use as fin stock and methods of making the same |
| JP7085564B6 (ja) * | 2017-04-05 | 2022-07-26 | アーエムアーゲー キャスティング ゲーエムベーハー | 出発材料、その使用、およびその出発材料を用いた付加製造法 |
| CN108004442A (zh) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-05-08 | 南南铝业股份有限公司 | 新能源物流车厢蒙皮用铝合金及制备方法 |
| WO2020068199A2 (en) | 2018-06-20 | 2020-04-02 | NanoAI LLC | HIGH-PERFORMANCE Al-Zn-Mg-Zr BASE ALUMINUM ALLOYS FOR WELDING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING |
| CN108896004B (zh) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-03-20 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 一种裂缝面粗糙度各向异性表征方法 |
| US11549191B2 (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2023-01-10 | Apple Inc. | Corrosion resistance for anodized parts having convex surface features |
| FR3087206B1 (fr) | 2018-10-10 | 2022-02-11 | Constellium Issoire | Tôle en alliage 2XXX à haute performance pour fuselage d’avion |
| US20200232070A1 (en) | 2019-01-18 | 2020-07-23 | Divergent Technologies, Inc. | Aluminum alloy compositions |
| WO2020206161A1 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2020-10-08 | Arconic Technologies Llc | Methods of cold forming aluminum lithium alloys |
| CN112285140B (zh) * | 2020-10-20 | 2022-01-28 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种单晶超高周疲劳内部裂纹早期扩展速率定量表征方法 |
| RU2749073C1 (ru) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-06-03 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский технологический университет "МИСиС" | Жаропрочные литейные и деформируемые алюминиевые сплавы на основе систем Al-Cu-Y и Al-Cu-Er (варианты) |
| CN112646998B (zh) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-05-27 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | 一种飞行器壁板用铝合金及板材制备方法 |
| CN112899534B (zh) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-03-11 | 康硕(山西)智能制造有限公司 | 一种高强度高镁铝合金及其铸造工艺 |
| WO2023278878A1 (en) | 2021-07-01 | 2023-01-05 | Divergent Technologies, Inc. | Al-mg-si based near-eutectic alloy composition for high strength and stiffness applications |
| US20240227063A9 (en) | 2022-10-20 | 2024-07-11 | Standex International Corporation | Friction stir welding process for large metallic components |
| WO2024191655A1 (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2024-09-19 | Novelis Inc. | Methods of producing a 7xxx series aluminum alloy having improved stress corrosion cracking resistance |
Family Cites Families (41)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3826688A (en) * | 1971-01-08 | 1974-07-30 | Reynolds Metals Co | Aluminum alloy system |
| US3717512A (en) * | 1971-10-28 | 1973-02-20 | Olin Corp | Aluminum base alloys |
| US4336075A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1982-06-22 | The Boeing Company | Aluminum alloy products and method of making same |
| US5135713A (en) | 1984-03-29 | 1992-08-04 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloys having high zinc |
| US4648913A (en) | 1984-03-29 | 1987-03-10 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloys and method |
| US4806174A (en) | 1984-03-29 | 1989-02-21 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloys and method of making the same |
| US5137686A (en) | 1988-01-28 | 1992-08-11 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloys |
| US4961792A (en) | 1984-12-24 | 1990-10-09 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloys having improved corrosion resistance containing Mg and Zn |
| US4915747A (en) | 1985-10-31 | 1990-04-10 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloys and process therefor |
| US4921548A (en) | 1985-10-31 | 1990-05-01 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloys and method of making same |
| US4816087A (en) | 1985-10-31 | 1989-03-28 | Aluminum Company Of America | Process for producing duplex mode recrystallized high strength aluminum-lithium alloy products with high fracture toughness and method of making the same |
| US4832910A (en) | 1985-12-23 | 1989-05-23 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloys |
| US4795502A (en) | 1986-11-04 | 1989-01-03 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloy products and method of making the same |
| JPS63206445A (ja) | 1986-12-01 | 1988-08-25 | コマルコ・アルミニウム・エルティーディー | アルミニウム−リチウム三元合金 |
| US5032359A (en) | 1987-08-10 | 1991-07-16 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Ultra high strength weldable aluminum-lithium alloys |
| US5122339A (en) | 1987-08-10 | 1992-06-16 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Aluminum-lithium welding alloys |
| US5108519A (en) | 1988-01-28 | 1992-04-28 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloys suitable for forgings |
| DE68913561T2 (de) | 1988-01-28 | 1994-10-20 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminium-Lithium-Legierungen. |
| US5066342A (en) | 1988-01-28 | 1991-11-19 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloys and method of making the same |
| US4848647A (en) | 1988-03-24 | 1989-07-18 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum base copper-lithium-magnesium welding alloy for welding aluminum lithium alloys |
| US4869870A (en) | 1988-03-24 | 1989-09-26 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloys with hafnium |
| US5512241A (en) | 1988-08-18 | 1996-04-30 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Al-Cu-Li weld filler alloy, process for the preparation thereof and process for welding therewith |
| US5259897A (en) | 1988-08-18 | 1993-11-09 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Ultrahigh strength Al-Cu-Li-Mg alloys |
| US5462712A (en) | 1988-08-18 | 1995-10-31 | Martin Marietta Corporation | High strength Al-Cu-Li-Zn-Mg alloys |
| US5455003A (en) | 1988-08-18 | 1995-10-03 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Al-Cu-Li alloys with improved cryogenic fracture toughness |
| US4927470A (en) | 1988-10-12 | 1990-05-22 | Aluminum Company Of America | Thin gauge aluminum plate product by isothermal treatment and ramp anneal |
| US4988394A (en) | 1988-10-12 | 1991-01-29 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method of producing unrecrystallized thin gauge aluminum products by heat treating and further working |
| US4946517A (en) | 1988-10-12 | 1990-08-07 | Aluminum Company Of America | Unrecrystallized aluminum plate product by ramp annealing |
| US5211910A (en) | 1990-01-26 | 1993-05-18 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Ultra high strength aluminum-base alloys |
| US5213639A (en) | 1990-08-27 | 1993-05-25 | Aluminum Company Of America | Damage tolerant aluminum alloy products useful for aircraft applications such as skin |
| AU657692B2 (en) | 1990-08-27 | 1995-03-23 | Aluminum Company Of America | Damage tolerant aluminum alloy sheet for aircraft skin |
| US5133931A (en) | 1990-08-28 | 1992-07-28 | Reynolds Metals Company | Lithium aluminum alloy system |
| US5151136A (en) | 1990-12-27 | 1992-09-29 | Aluminum Company Of America | Low aspect ratio lithium-containing aluminum extrusions |
| GB2257435B (en) | 1991-07-11 | 1995-04-05 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloys and method of making the same |
| US5376192A (en) | 1992-08-28 | 1994-12-27 | Reynolds Metals Company | High strength, high toughness aluminum-copper-magnesium-type aluminum alloy |
| US5624632A (en) | 1995-01-31 | 1997-04-29 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum magnesium alloy product containing dispersoids |
| AU5422096A (en) | 1995-03-21 | 1996-10-08 | Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation | A method of manufacturing aluminum aircraft sheet |
| JP3053352B2 (ja) | 1995-04-14 | 2000-06-19 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 破壊靭性、疲労特性および成形性の優れた熱処理型Al合金 |
| US5865911A (en) | 1995-05-26 | 1999-02-02 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum alloy products suited for commercial jet aircraft wing members |
| US5863359A (en) | 1995-06-09 | 1999-01-26 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum alloy products suited for commercial jet aircraft wing members |
| JP3394698B2 (ja) | 1997-11-12 | 2003-04-07 | スカイアルミニウム株式会社 | 高強度かつ良好な切削性を有する高成形性アルミニウム合金板 |
-
2000
- 2000-06-12 US US09/591,904 patent/US6562154B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-06-07 CA CA002349793A patent/CA2349793C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-12 JP JP2001177711A patent/JP2002053925A/ja active Pending
- 2001-06-12 EP EP01114220A patent/EP1170394B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-12 DE DE60102870T patent/DE60102870T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-12-31 US US10/334,388 patent/US20070000583A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005526901A (ja) * | 2001-07-23 | 2005-09-08 | コラス・アルミニウム・バルツプロドウクテ・ゲーエムベーハー | 溶接可能な高強度Al−Mg−Si合金 |
| JP2007509230A (ja) * | 2003-10-03 | 2007-04-12 | アルコア インコーポレイテッド | リチウムが補助的に添加されたアルミニウム−銅−マグネシウム合金 |
| JP2009534191A (ja) * | 2006-04-21 | 2009-09-24 | アルカン レナリュ | 差別的な歪み硬化を含む航空機製造向け構造要素の製造方法 |
| JP2016502601A (ja) * | 2012-11-08 | 2016-01-28 | コンステリウム フランス | 航空機製造用の変厚構造要素の製造方法 |
| JP2015108163A (ja) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-06-11 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | アルミニウム合金クラッド板およびアルミニウム合金クラッド構造部材 |
| JP2018535314A (ja) * | 2015-09-29 | 2018-11-29 | オプシチェストボ エス オグラニチェンノイ オトヴェストヴェンノストユ “オベディネンナヤ カンパニア ルサール インゼネルノ−テクノロギケスキー チェントル”Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennost’Yu ‘Obedinennaya Kompaniya Rusal Inzhenerno−Tekhnologicheskiy Tsentr’ | 高強度アルミニウム合金およびそれから物品を製造する方法 |
| JP7000313B2 (ja) | 2015-09-29 | 2022-02-04 | オプシチェストボ エス オグラニチェンノイ オトヴェストヴェンノストユ “オベディネンナヤ カンパニア ルサール インゼネルノ-テクノロギケスキー チェントル” | アルミニウム系合金、アルミニウム系合金を含むシート、アルミニウム系合金を含むシートの製造方法、およびアルミニウム系合金から作成される鍛造品または鋳造品の製造方法 |
| CN108699636A (zh) * | 2016-01-22 | 2018-10-23 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 铝基合金 |
| WO2017126650A1 (ja) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-07-27 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | アルミニウム基合金 |
| JP2017128780A (ja) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-07-27 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | アルミニウム基合金 |
| US11846010B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2023-12-19 | The Boeing Company | Aluminum alloy with additions of copper, lithium and at least one alkali or rare earth metal, and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP2018204099A (ja) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-12-27 | ザ・ボーイング・カンパニーThe Boeing Company | 銅、リチウム、及び少なくとも1種のアルカリ土類金属又は希土類金属の添加物を含むアルミニウム合金、及びその製造方法 |
| JP7507543B2 (ja) | 2017-04-11 | 2024-06-28 | ザ・ボーイング・カンパニー | 銅、リチウム、及び少なくとも1種のアルカリ土類金属又は希土類金属の添加物を含むアルミニウム合金、及びその製造方法 |
| JP2022545272A (ja) * | 2019-08-22 | 2022-10-26 | ノベリス・コブレンツ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | クラッド2xxxシリーズ航空宇宙用製品 |
| US11879167B2 (en) | 2019-08-22 | 2024-01-23 | Novelis Koblenz Gmbh | Clad 2XXX-series aerospace product |
| JP7556942B2 (ja) | 2019-08-22 | 2024-09-26 | ノベリス・コブレンツ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | クラッド2xxxシリーズ航空宇宙用製品 |
| JP2023517074A (ja) * | 2020-04-29 | 2023-04-21 | ノベリス・コブレンツ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | クラッド2xxxシリーズの航空宇宙製品 |
| KR20220143933A (ko) * | 2020-04-29 | 2022-10-25 | 알레리스 로울드 프로덕츠 저머니 게엠베하 | 클래드 2xxx-계열 항공우주 생성물 |
| KR102784022B1 (ko) | 2020-04-29 | 2025-03-21 | 노벨리스 코블렌츠 게엠베하 | 클래드 2xxx-계열 항공우주 생성물 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20070000583A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
| EP1170394A3 (en) | 2002-03-20 |
| CA2349793C (en) | 2009-09-22 |
| DE60102870T2 (de) | 2005-03-31 |
| DE60102870D1 (de) | 2004-05-27 |
| EP1170394B1 (en) | 2004-04-21 |
| US6562154B1 (en) | 2003-05-13 |
| CA2349793A1 (en) | 2001-12-12 |
| EP1170394A2 (en) | 2002-01-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP2002053925A (ja) | 改良された耐疲労割れ成長性を有するアルミニウム薄板製品およびその製造方法 | |
| JP4903039B2 (ja) | 特に航空宇宙用途向けの、耐損傷性が高いアルミニウム合金製品 | |
| RU2763430C1 (ru) | Способ изготовления продукта-плиты из алюминиевого сплава серии 2ххх, имеющего улучшенное сопротивление усталостному разрушению | |
| JP5068654B2 (ja) | 高強度、高靱性Al−Zn合金製品およびそのような製品の製造方法 | |
| EP0247181B1 (en) | Aluminum-lithium alloys and method of making the same | |
| KR100236496B1 (ko) | 항공기 외피용 내충격성 알루미늄기 합금 박판 제품 및 그 제조 방법 | |
| JP5052895B2 (ja) | 高耐損傷性アルミニウム合金の製造方法 | |
| KR102260797B1 (ko) | 알루미늄 구리 리튬 합금으로 제조된 외호면 구조 요소 | |
| JP2011505500A (ja) | 改良されたアルミニウム−銅−リチウム合金 | |
| JP2008516079A5 (enExample) | ||
| KR20210046733A (ko) | 7xxx-시리즈 알루미늄 합금 제품 | |
| CN101297054A (zh) | 适用于航空航天应用的Al-Cu-Mg合金 | |
| CN113302327A (zh) | 7xxx系列铝合金产品 | |
| KR20210032429A (ko) | 성형 및 조립에 적합한 7xxx 알루미늄 합금 박판 시트 제조 방법 | |
| CN109072358A (zh) | Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Mn-Zn合金锻制产品 | |
| US20020014290A1 (en) | Al-si-mg aluminum alloy aircraft structural component production method | |
| TWI434939B (zh) | 鋁合金及其製備方法 | |
| US6569271B2 (en) | Aluminum alloys and methods of making the same | |
| JP2001504551A (ja) | 修正溶体化熱処理を施されたaa7000系アルミニウム鍛造製品を製造する方法 | |
| US20060032560A1 (en) | Method for producing a high damage tolerant aluminium alloy | |
| JP2023549190A (ja) | 2xxx系アルミニウム合金製品の製造方法 | |
| JPH1017976A (ja) | 残留応力レベルの低いAl−Cu−Mg合金鋼板 | |
| RU2489217C1 (ru) | Способ производства листов из термически упрочняемых алюминиевых сплавов, легированных скандием и цирконием | |
| RU2778434C1 (ru) | Изделие из алюминиевого сплава серии 7xxx | |
| JP2025504927A (ja) | アルミニウム-銅-リチウム合金製の改良された薄いシート |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20050602 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20050830 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20051130 |
|
| A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20051205 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20060228 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20060613 |