JP2001521431A - 電気手術器具 - Google Patents

電気手術器具

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JP2001521431A
JP2001521431A JP54530898A JP54530898A JP2001521431A JP 2001521431 A JP2001521431 A JP 2001521431A JP 54530898 A JP54530898 A JP 54530898A JP 54530898 A JP54530898 A JP 54530898A JP 2001521431 A JP2001521431 A JP 2001521431A
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ゴーブル,コリン・チャールズ・オーウェン
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Gyrus Medical Ltd
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
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    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
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    • A61B2018/1226Generators therefor powered by a battery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
    • A61B2018/1246Generators therefor characterised by the output polarity
    • A61B2018/1253Generators therefor characterised by the output polarity monopolar

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Abstract

(57)【要約】 負荷インピーダンスの変化、特に、負荷リアクタンスの変化に感応性を有する電気手術器具において、固定周波数のラジオ波発生器は、少なくとも一つの出力デバイス及びこの出力デバイスに連結された負荷依存共振状態の出力ネットワークから成る出力ステージ(Q1,Q2,TR2−TR4,C1,VC2,42)を有する。負荷リアクタンスの変動を補正するために、出力ネットワークは動的可変コンデンサ(VC2)を有する。このコンデンサはネットワークの同調をほぼ一定に維持する。コンデンサ(VC2)の変動は負荷リアクタンスの変化に起因して出力ステージにおいて発生する位相差の変動に応答する位相比較器及びサーボデバイス(44)によって行われる。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 電気手術器具 この発明は、様々なインピーダンス負荷で使用するためのラジオ波発生器に関 する。さらに詳しくは、この発明は、そのようなラジオ波発生器を備えた単極電 極ユニットを有する電気手術器具に関する。ここで使用されるラジオ波発生器は 基本的にその動作周波数が5MHzを越えるようなものである。 周知の電気手術システムはハンドピースと、そのハンドピースから突出した単 一の処理電極を有する単極電極ユニットと、発生器ユニットと、発生器ユニット をハンドピースに連結するケーブルとを有する。このようなシステムは種々のタ イプの電気手術用に一般的に使用されている。通常は、導電性パッドが患者の体 に取り付けられる。導電性パッドは発生器ユニットのリターン端子に接続され、 電気手術電流用のリターン経路が形成されている。このシステムの欠点は、リタ ーンパッドの領域における組織に手術電流が集中し、また、特に、高周波数にお いては、発生器とハンドピースとを結ぶケーブルによって予期し得ない無効分(r eactive components)が生成され、それによって、電極に予期し得ない電圧レベ ルがもたらされることである。 これらの欠点は、本願出願人による国際出願第PCT/GB96/02577号に記載されて いる器具によって少なくとも一部が克服される。この国際出願に開示されている 電気手術器具は、ハンドピースと、そのハンドピースから突出した単一の処理電 極を有する単極電極ユニットと、ハンドピース内に配置されたラジオ波発生器と を有している。発生器は単一の直接ラジオ波出力コネクションを有し、その出力 コネクションは電極に連結されている。そうでなければ、発生器は外部要素から 絶縁されている。特に、発生器は他の直接ラジオ波出力コネクション、たとえば 、アースされた要素やリターンパッドへのコネクションは何ら有していない。ハ ンドピース内に発生器を設けることによって、ケーブルを通じてラジオ波電流を 供給することの効果に起因する不測のインピーダンス変化が防止される。発生器 の回りに配置された導電シールドを通じての漂遊容量カップリング(Stray capac iti ve coupling)によって、ラジオ波リターン電流が患者と発生器との間を流れる。 好ましくは、発生器の動作周波数は5MHz以上である。周波数が高くなればな るほど、高周波領域におけるリターン経路のリアクタンスが低下し、それに伴う 達成可能な電流レベルは大きくなる。発生器はハンドピース内のバッテリから電 力の供給を受けることができる。このため、放射妨害が最小限に抑えられている 。 発生器の回りには導電シールドがあるため、漂遊容量の変動が最小限に抑制さ れる。この漂遊容量の変動はハンドピースを握る使用者の握り方の違いによって 生じるものである。シールドは、好ましくは、発生器から絶縁されており、チュ ーブ状のハンドピース本体、たとえば、金属製ケーシングの形態のハンドピース 本体を形成することができる。なお、ハンドピース本体は電気絶縁性材料で形成 することも可能であり、その場合には、電気絶縁性材料の金属化によって導電シ ールドが形成される。ハンドピース本体の外側に金属化層が設けられる場合、又 は、ハンドピース本体自体が金属である場合には、外側の金属面は電気絶縁性の 外層によって被覆されることが好ましい。シールドが設けられていることによっ て、漂遊容量の変動が低減される。これは、関連する発生器コンダクタとシール ドとの間の静電容量が一定となり、さらに、シールドが患者に容量連結された一 定領域に対する導電体として機能するからである。 シールドは漂遊容量の変動を低減するけれども、これに起因する可変インピー ダンス負荷によってエネルギー効率を維持することが極めて困難となる。なお、 この可変インピーダンス負荷は組織と電極との間の境界(tissue-to-electrode i nterface)における状態変化による必然的な負荷変動にも起因している。また、 程度は小さいが、過渡不整合(transient mismatches)に起因する出力装置の破壊 を防止することが困難となる。 これらの困難性に鑑み、本願発明の第1の特徴によれば、負荷が変化する状態 下においてほぼ固定された周波数で動作可能な電気手術用ラジオ波発生器であっ て、出力ステージを有し、この出力ステージは出力デバイスと、この出力デバイ スに連結された出力ネットワークを有し、出力ネットワークは処理電極出力ノー ドを含み、また、出力ネットワークは負荷依存共振状態を有するとともに、負荷 インピーダンスの変化に起因する出力ネットワークのミスチューニングを少なく とも部分的に補 正するために配置された可変リアクタンス素子を含んでいる発生器が提供される 。別の特徴によれば、本願発明は、負荷が変化する状態下においてほぼ固定され た周波数で動作可能な電気手術用ラジオ波発生器であって、発生器の出力ステー ジが共振出力回路を有し、この回路が負荷インピーダンスの変化を少なくとも部 分的に補正するように配置された可変コンデンサ等の可変リアクタンス素子を有 している発生器を提供する。コンデンサは感知された負荷インピーダンスの変化 に応じて自動的に変化させられる。これは、たとえば、出力ステージにおける位 相変化を監視することによって、及び、好ましくは機械的に、コンデンサをドラ イブして、そのキャパシタンスを変化させて感知された位相差が好ましい値又は 好ましい範囲にすることによって行われる。好ましくは、可変コンデンサは発生 器の出力トランス(絶縁形トランス又は単巻トランスのいずれでもよい)の二次 巻線の両端に連結され、並列同調出力回路の一部を形成する。その同調は負荷の インピーダンスによって影響される。 このようにして、負荷リアクタンスの変化は補正され、実行可能な限りにおい て出力共振回路の同調が維持され、それによって、少なくともほぼ真正な負荷イ ンピーダンスを有する出力デバイス(代表的なものはパワーMOSFET等の一 対のパワートランジスタスイッチングデバイス)が与えられる。なお、発生器の 負荷インピーダンスの変動は動作周波数を変更することなく広い範囲で適応させ ることが可能である。 この自動同調効果は、高Q出力ステージの使用による発生器アウトプットに対 する十分なカップリングを可能にする。これは上記の自給式の電池で駆動される 手持タイプの電気手術器具の場合に重要であり、器具、使用者及び患者の間に良 好な相互連結が形成されるため、十分な操作が補填される。 可変コンデンサを制御するための負荷リアクタンスを表す位相情報は出力位相 をドライブ信号と比較することによって得られる。ドライブ信号は、たとえば、 出力トランスの一次側に供給されるラジオ波信号又は出力デバイスのベース又は ゲートコネクションに供給されるドライブ信号である。得られる位相差信号はそ の後増幅されて極性を有するコンデンサドライブ信号となる。これにより、負荷 インピーダンスの低下とともに、可変キャパシタンスも低下し、また、可変コン デンサが出力 インピーダンス(たとえば、トランスの二次巻線)の両端に接続されている場合 には、得られた電流の大部分が負荷に供給される。 留意すべき点は、発生器の出力回路はさらに出力カップリングコンデンサを( すなわち、発生器の出力ラインに直列に)含むことができることであり、可変コ ンデンサは出力共振回路の一部を形成するため、そのカップリングコンデンサか ら構成され得ることである。その場合、低下する負荷インピーダンスは、可変キ ャパシタンスの値を減少させるのに使用されるけれども、得られる出力電流をも 減少させる。このカップリングコンデンサの変動は一つ又は複数の発生器アウト プットにかかる負荷を制限するのに使用することが可能である。 可変コンデンサ自体は並列の平板コンデンサ、及び圧電アタチュエータ等の平 板の間隔を変化させる手段を有する。このようなデバイスは電気手術処置に伴う 高電圧に耐えることが可能であるとともに、一般的には10ミリ秒以内の迅速な 速さで操作できるという利点を有する。使用される圧電アクチュエータの特性次 第では、応答時間をさらに速くすることも可能である。一般に、高誘電率の層が コンデンサの平板の間に介在されている。 この発明は上記の発生器をハンドピース内に合体させた電気手術器具を含む。 この器具はハンドピースから突出する単極の処理電極を有し、発生器の可変リア クタンス素子は、好ましくは、電極のハンドピース内への差込の位置又はその近 傍に配置されている。 本発明による装置の好ましい実施の形態は添付の図面を参照して記載される。 図1は使用状態における電気手術器具の図である。 図2は器具の縦略断面図である。 図3は使用中における器具の対応電気回路図である。 図4は図1及び図2の一部を形成する本発明による発生器の単純化された回路 図である。 図5は位相比較器の回路図である。 図6は本発明による交流発生器の単純化された回路図である。 図1を参照すると、自給式の(self-contained)電気手術器具は細長い円筒状の ハンドピース10を有している。このハンドピースは、図示のように、鉛筆を持 つようにして(“Pencil−fashion”)握ることができる。ハンドピースの一端 10Aはテーパ状に形成されており、その端部からは軸方向に単一の処理電極1 2の形態を有する電極ユニットが突出しており、患者の体14に接触させること ができるようになっている。テーパ状の端部10Aには操作スイッチ16が設け られている。ハンドピースの本体10は金属シートから形成可能であり、例えば 、フィルム材料で形成された絶縁カバーが設けられている。また、ハンドピース 本体10は電気絶縁性のプラスチック材料で成形し、その内面又は外面を金属化 することも可能である。外面が金属化される場合には、電気絶縁性のコーティン グが施され、金属化部分が使用者の手から絶縁される。 図2の略断面図において、ハンドピース本体10が導電性シールド10S及び 絶縁ケース10Cを有するものとして示されている。ラジオ波発生器及びバッテ リを有する内部の電気ユニット18はシールド10S内に収容されている。電気 ユニット18は図示のようにシールド10Cによって完全に覆われていることは 必ずしも必要ないけれども、少なくとも発生器の部分はシールドの長手方向の部 分に対応していることが好ましい。シールド10Cは多くの有用な特性を有する 。内部の電気ユニット18はケース内での重量分布が不均一であるため、アース に対する異なる電位を有する。シールド10Cはそれに対して均一な面すなわち 均一な電位を付与する。絶縁層101のサイズ及び厚さを最小にすることによっ て、シールドのサイズを最大にすることができ、患者、使用者及び外部のアース された物体の容量結合を最大にすることができる。 シールドをその周方向に連続する形状にすることによって、内部の電気部材も RF放射の予想妨害レベルに対して効果的に遮蔽される。ケースを金属以外で形 成してのケースシールド機能を付与することもさらに有用である。その理由は、 シールドは均一な熱分布を付与するため、不効率性に起因して電気ユニット内で 発生する電力消失が改善されるからである。 次に、図3を参照して、使用中における器具の対応回路を考慮する。ハンドピ ース本体の内部には、ラジオ波(RF)発生器18Gが設けられている(スイッ チ16及びシールド10Sは図3には示されていない)。このラジオ波発生器は 5MHzを越える産業用、科学用又は医療用の帯域内の周波数で動作可能である。 好ましい器具においては、動作周波数は40.65MHzである。その他の可能な 周波数は6.79MHz、13.65MHz、27.1MHz及び915MHzである。 発生器は電極12(図1)に連結された出力コネクションを有し、患者へ電流を 直接伝導するための他の出力コネクションは有していない。発生器18Gの導電 素子(この素子は図3において番号20で略示されている)はアンテナ22とし て機能し、図3において第2のアンテナとして示されている患者14に対して、 キャパシタンス24を介してハンドピース本体10の導電性シールド10Sによ って間接的に容量結合されている。組織境界への電極はライン26によって示さ れている。このように、使用中においては、発生器18Gのアクティブな出力コ ネタションは手術中の組織を通じて患者14に結合される。この組織の抵抗は図 3において抵抗28によって示されている。この抵抗の値は通常1kΩであり、 100Ωまで下げることも可能である。 発生器18Gの放射コンダクタ20はまたキャパシタンス30によって使用者 に対して容量結合されている。このキャパシタンスは発生器−シールド間のキャ パシタンス及びシールド−使用者間のキャパシタンスに対して直列に接続されて いる。使用者[USER]32はさらにキャパシタンス34として示されるように地面 に対して容量結合されている。患者14も(図3においてキャパシタンス36と して示されるように)地面に対して容量結合されているので、使用者32及び患 者14の間に間接及び直接の容量通路(capacitive path)が存在する。同様に、 発生器の導電素子20からハンドピース本体10(特に、シールド10S)のキ ャパシタンス38を通じて地面に至る間接通路及び患者14と地面との間の直列 のキャパシタンス36がある。発生器−患者間の直接キャパシタンス24に起因 する発生器18Gと患者14との間の総キャパシタンス、ハンドピース−使用者 間のキャパシタンス30、使用者−地面間のキャパシタンス34、本体−地面間 のキャパシタンス38、及び患者−地面間のキャパシタンス36は、それぞれ少 なくとも15pFである。 図示されていないが、バッテリもハンドピース本体10内に収容されている。 これは好ましくはニッケル−カドミウムバッテリ又はリチウム−イオンバッテリ であり、本体10の対向端に設けられた端子を通じて電極12から充電可能であ る。 なお、限定的ではないが、この器具は、主として、脊髄手術、神経手術、成形 手術、耳鼻咽喉手術、歯科手術などの精密な手術作業、及び事務作業を意図した ものである。 図面の図4を参照すると、器具の発生器はトランジスタQ4に基づく固定周波 数水晶発振器、及びトランジスタQ1,Q2に基づくプッシュプル出力ステージ を有する。固定周波数水晶発振器はトランジスタQ3ドライバーステージを供給 するとともにドライバートランスTR1を有する。トランジスタQ1,Q2は高 電圧源(一般には50V)に接続されたMOSFETデバイス(MOS電界効果 トランジスタ)であり、共通の出力コネクション40を有する。この出力コネク ションから発信器の周波数におけるラジオ波出力信号がカップリングコンデンサ C5を通じて出力トランスTR2の一次巻線へ供給される。出力トランスTR2 の二次巻線カップリングコンデンサC1を介して発生器アウトプット42へ連結 されている。可変コンデンサVC2は電極の地面への漂遊容量を表すキャパシタ ンスCSTRAY及びそれに接続されたコンダクタとともに同調素子として機能する 。トランスTR2の一次及び二次巻線と直列に感知トランスTR3,TR4がそ れぞれ連結されている。これらの二次巻線は位相比較器及びサーボドライブ回路 [PHASE COMPARATOR AND SERVO DRIVE]44に供給して、可変コンデンサVC2を ドライブする。 示されているように、出力ステージは二つの共振回路を有している。直列の回 路はコンデンサC5、トランスTR2,TR3の漏れインダタタンス(leakage i nductance)を有し、他の直列の回路は可変コンデンサVC2、結合コンデンサC 1及び漂遊容量CSTRAYによって形成されたコンデンサ列(capaciltor array)と もにトランスTR2(メイン素子)の二次巻線、トランスTR4の一次巻線(信 号レベルのみ)を有する。これら二つの共振回路の間の位相関係は負荷及び漂遊 容量の両方とともに変化する。直列の共振回路は比較的影響を受けないけれども 、アウトプット42に接続された並列回路(parallel circuit)は負荷及び漂遊容 量の両 方によって影響される。したがって、トランスTR3,TR4を使用して、出力 回路(アウトプット42に接続された)及び出力回路の上流の回路、この場合に は出力トランスTR2の一次巻線に接続された回路から感知信号を誘導すること によって、位相の異なる信号を誘導することができる。この位相の異なる信号は 、コンデンサVC2のキャパシタンスを変化させて、負荷及び漂遊容量の離調変 動(detuning variations)を補正するのに使用することができる。 この点において、ある固定された値のインピーダンス整合回路はスイッチング 効率を損なう出力スイッチングデバイスQ1,Q2に対して必然的に誘導性又は 容量性のいずれかと思われる。しかしながら、こうしたインピーダンスの変化は 位相変化に伴うものであるため、高周波を最小にするための共振タンク回路を使 用している出力ステージを使用して、位相比較器用の位相感知信号を誘導するこ とができる。 位相比較器はトランスTR3,TR4とともに図5により詳細に示されている 。位相比較器44の信号レベルは上記のトランスTR3,TR4の二次巻線によ って与えられる。これらはトランスTR2に接続された同調回路のそれぞれから の位相情報を与える。並列位相[parallel phase]信号を受信するトランス用のス プリット巻線を使用することによって、交流(alternate cycles)の独立半波整流 がダイオードD11,D12によって発生する。直列位相[series phase]信号の 両方の位相を混合することによって、位相比較器が補正される。しかしながら、 二つの感知信号が相互に90°のオフセットの位相関係を有しているときには、 半波整流器D11,D12のアウトプットにおいて発生した誤差電圧[error vol tage]のみが零になる。予め設定された位相シフトは、図5に示されるように、 トランスTR4の二次巻線の両端に接続された可変抵抗RV1及びコンデンサC 13を組み合わせて、出力トランスTR2(図4)の一次側と二次側との間に好 ましい位相差を設定することによって与えられる。整流器の出力電圧の平滑化は 図5に示された抵抗−コンデンサ組み合わせR11,C11及びR12,C12 によって行われ、アウトプット46から誘導される出力誤差電圧は比較器(図示 せず)によって増幅され、所定のドライバ回路(図示せず)へと送られる。この ドライバ回路はフィードバッタループにおける電位不安定性を補正するために優 先極に 連結されている。この電位不安定性は、たとえば、可変コンデンサVC2に接続 されたアセンブリ内の機械的共鳴に起因するものである。 再度図4を参照すると、出力コンデンサ配置における可変コンデンサVC2、 カップリングコンデンサC1及び漂遊容量CSTRAYは全て出力共振回路の同調に 対して効果を有する。タンクコンデンサとして可変コンデンサ素子を使用するこ とによって、最大の電流供給が得られる。特に、比較器及びドライバの配列は、 負荷インピーダンスが減少し、それに対応して出力トランスTR2の両端に位相 差の変化が発生するときに、可変コンデンサVC2のキャパシタンスが減少して 、得られる電流の大部分が負荷に供給されるように考慮されている。留意すべき 点は、可変コンデンサは代わりに出力カップリングコンデンサ(C1)として使 用することもできる。この場合、負荷インピーダンスの減少によって可変カップ リングキャパシタンス及び得られる電流の両方が減少する。このことは、ラジオ 波スイッチングデバイスQ1,Q2が重負荷に対して保護される必要がある場合 には有用である。 可変コンデンサVC2は別の形態でもよい。並列の平板コンデンサとして構成 し、平板の離間間隔が圧電セラミッタアクチュエータによって制御されるように することは好ましい。アクチュエータは二つの異なる形態、(a)バイメタルスト リップに似た方法で作用する曲げストリップ、又は(b)細長いソリッド圧電素子 (単層でも多層でもよい)で製造することが可能である。この種のアクチュエー タは米国、オハイオ州、ベッドフォードのモーガン・マトロック・インコーポレ ーテッド(Morgan Matroc,Inc.)から入手できる。 曲げストリップタイプのアクチュエータは印加される電圧の変化に応答して機 械的動作を起こす。これは、二つの接合された材料の膨張の差によって生じるも のである。曲げはメタル基板に接合された圧電セラミック材料によって達成でき る。セラミックは圧縮及び膨張に対して分極される(poled)ため、動作は両方向 に起こり得る。また、メタル基板の両面に圧電材料をコーティングして、それぞ れのコーティングが反対方向に分極されるようにして、動作程度を向上させるこ とも可能である。電圧がストリップに印加されると、曲げが発生する。適正な動 作を発生させて可変コンデンサのキャパシタンスを変化させるために、印加され る 電圧は一般的には50ボルトから100ボルトの間である。基本的には、8から 24pFのキャパシタンス変化が達成可能である。 細長い圧電アクチュエータでは、圧電動作が直接利用される。アクチュエータ はサンドイッチ状のデバイスとして形成されており、印加される電圧に応じて十 分な動作を引き起こす。一般に、細長い圧電アクチュエータは曲げストリップタ イプのものよりも応答速度が速い。 また、移動コイルデバイスを使用するなどの、電気機械式方法又は電磁式方法 によって可変コンデンサVC2のキャパシタンスを変化させることも可能である 。 コンデンサ自体(図示されていない)は並列の平板を有し、それらの間には高 誘電率の誘電層が介在されている。好ましい材料は薄層の形態で入手できる雲母 である。このような材料は40から200kV/mmの誘電耐力を有する。コンデン サは上記のようにタンク回路同調コンデンサ又は出力カップリングコンデンサと して使用されるので、コンデンサの平板の両端にかかる電圧は1kVに達すること がある。一般的には、誘電層の厚さは25マイクロメータから50マイクロメー タの範囲である。比誘電率が6では、2pF/mm2のキャパシタンスを有する並列の 平板コンデンサを形成することができる。デフレタション(deflection)の合計が 50マイタロメータでは、キャパシタンスは最小となり、0.16pF/mm2である 。 図1及び2に示されているハンドピース内の可変コンデンサVC2の物理的位 置に関しては、電極2のハンドピース内への差込口の領域にそれを取り付けて、 発生器のアウトプット42(図4)と露出した電極12との間のリード長が最小 になるようにすることが有用である。 可変コンデンサVC2及びそれに関連する制御回路の応答速度は急速であるけ れども、電気手術動作特性は負荷インピーダンスの極めて急速な変化に起因して (たとえば、アータの生成及び崩壊に起因して)いくらかの過渡不整合が起こる 程度のものである。出力デバイスQ1,Q2の過渡電圧(voltagc transient)の 効果を最小にするために、図示のように、出力MOSFETデバイスQ1,Q2 のそれぞれに逆バイアスショットキーダイオードD1,D2が設けられている。 デバイスQ1,Q2の両端に高い変化率で印加される過剰電圧はダイオードD1 ,D2の伝導性(conduction)によってはそれほど制限されず、むしろ、それらの バ ラクター挙動(varactor behaviour)によって制限される。これらのダイオードD 1,D2はスイッチングキャパシタンスを増大させるけれども、これは、出力ス テージを部分誘導負荷としてドライブして、出力デバイスのネット効果が、極端 な不整合が起こったときを除いて、純粋に抵抗性であるようにすることによって 補正することができる。 図4に示されている発生器の出力ステージはレールツーレール(rail-to-rail) 接続されたトーテムポール状のクラスCの出力ステージである。別の出力ステー ジが図6に示されている。この場合には、それぞれトランジスタQ4,Q3に基 づいた水晶発振器及びドライバは、クランピングツエナーダイオードD3−D6 が出力デバイスQ11,Q12のゲートコネクションの両端に接続された状態に なるように、それらを維持する。しかしながら、出力デバイスQ11,Q12は 、図6に示されるような別のショットキーダイオードといっしょに、及びそれら の間に直列に連結された出力トランスTR5の一次巻線を有する出力デバイスと いっしょに、ハーフブリッジ状に配置されている。出力共振回路はそれを図4の 実施の形態の場合のように維持する。 単純化のために、位相感知回路は図6では示されていない。しかしながら、留 意されるべきは、図5の位相比較器が、出力デバイスQ11,Q12用のラジオ 波ゲートドライブ回路に連結された一方の入力トランス、及び前記のように出力 トランスTR1の二次巻線に対して直列に連結された他方のトランスといっしょ に使用できることである。 総括すると、上記の回路は、小さい動作範囲で作動する急速応答リニアーアク チュエータの使用によって極めて迅速なキャパシタンス変化を与え、また、出力 共振回路内の可変リアクタンス素子によって位相比較を行う。可変リアクタンス 素子用のドライブは位相比較に応答して供与される。
【手続補正書】特許法第184条の8第1項 【提出日】平成11年4月30日(1999.4.30) 【補正内容】 15. 5MHzを越える動作周波数を有する上記請求項のいずれかに記載の発生 器。 16. 電気手術器具であって、ハンドピースと、このハンドピースから突出さ れた処理電極と、上記請求項のいずれかに記載された発生器とを有し、発生器の 処理電極出力ノードが処理電極に接続されている電気手術器具。 17. 単一の処理電極を有している請求項16記載の器具。 18. 使用中における発生器のラジオ波リターン経路が患者と器具との間の空 気を通じての電磁場伝達によって形成されるように配置されている請求項17に 記載の器具。 19. 導電体を有し、この導電体は、器具の使用中に、ラジオ波電流リターン 経路としての患者への漂遊容量カップリングを形成するように配置されている請 求項16から18のいずれか一項に記載の器具。 20. 単一の直接ラジオ波出力コネクションを有し、リターン経路は漂遊容量 によって患者に対して容量連結された導電体によって使用中に形成される請求項 16に記載の器具。 21. 5MHzを越える周波数で操作可能である請求項16から20のいずれか 一項に記載の器具。
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Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 負荷が変化する状態下においてほぼ固定された周波数で動作可能な電気手 術用ラジオ波発生器であって、出力ステージを有し、この出力ステージは出力デ バイスと、この出力デバイスに連結された出力ネットワークを有し、出力ネット ワークは処理電極出力ノードを含み、また、出力ネットワークは負荷依存共振状 態を有するとともに、負荷インピーダンスの変化に起因する出力ネットワータの ミスチューニングを少なくとも部分的に補正するために配置された可変リアクタ ンス素子を含んでいるラジオ波発生器。 2. 可変リアクタンス素子が出力デバイスと前記ノードとの間の信号通路に接 続されている請求項1に記載の発生器。 3. 可変リアクタンス素子に連結されたアウトプットを有する感知回路を含み 、この感知回路は負荷インピーダンスの変化を感知して負荷インピーダンス対応 調節信号を前記アウトプットにおいて発生するように配置され、また、リアクタ ンス素子はそのリアクタンスが調節信号に応答して調節され、それによって前記 補正が行われるように配置されている請求項1に記載の発生器。 4. 感知回路が負荷リアクタンスの変化を感知するように配置されている請求 項3に記載の発生器。 5. 感知回路がインプットを有する位相比較器を有し、これらのインプットは 出力ステージのそれぞれ異なる部分に連結されるとともに感知回路のアウトプッ トにおいて調節信号を発生するように配置され、この調節信号によってリアクタ ンス素子が調節され、位相比較器のインプットにおける信号間の位相差が予め設 定された値又は予め設定された範囲に調節される請求項3に記載の発生器。 6. 可変リアクタンス素子が可変コンデンサである請求項1に記載の発生器。 7. 可変リアクタンス素子がサーボデバイスを含む請求項1に記載の発生器。 8. 出力ステージが出力トランスを含み、また、可変リアクタンス素子がその トランスの二次巻線に連結されている請求項1に記載の発生器。 9. 可変リアクタンス素子が並列同調出力ネットワークの一部を形成している 請求項1に記載の発生器。 10. 可変リアクタンス素子がコンデンサであり、また、同調回路がトランス 巻線を含んでいる請求項9に記載の発生器。 11. 出力ネットワークが発生器出力ラインを含み、また、可変リアクタンス 素子がその出力ラインに直列に接続されている請求項1に記載の発生器。 12. 可変リアクタンス素子がコンデンサである請求項11に記載の発生器。 13. 可変リアクタンス素子が出力デバイスと発生器の出力ノードとの間の出 力回路の一部を形成している請求項1に記載の発生器。 14. 発生器がアンテナとして機能する導電素子を有している上記請求項のい ずれかに記載の発生器。 15. 電気手術器具であって、ハンドピースと、このハンドピースから突出さ れた処理電極と、上記請求項のいずれかに記載された発生器とを有し、発生器の 処理電極出力ノードが処理電極に接続されている電気手術器具。 16. 単一の処理電極を有している請求項15記載の器具。 17. 使用中におけるそのラジオ波リターン経路が患者と器具との間の空気を 通じての電磁場伝達によって形成されるように発生器が配置されている請求項1 6に記載の器具。
JP54530898A 1997-04-24 1998-04-24 電気手術器具 Pending JP2001521431A (ja)

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GB9708268.9 1997-04-24
GBGB9708268.9A GB9708268D0 (en) 1997-04-24 1997-04-24 An electrosurgical instrument
PCT/GB1998/001202 WO1998047436A1 (en) 1997-04-24 1998-04-24 An electrosurgical instrument

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AU (1) AU7069098A (ja)
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AU7069098A (en) 1998-11-13
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US6325799B1 (en) 2001-12-04
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CA2286835A1 (en) 1998-10-29
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