JP2001288010A - Agent for vitalizing plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a plant-vitalizing agent which does not have phytotoxicity against plants and can efficiently improve the vitality of the plants. SOLUTION: This plant-vitalizing agent comprises a substance having a photosynthesis-improving degree of >=5% measured by a specific method.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for spraying water onto a root, stem, foliage or fruit of a plant in a solution state, a paste state or a solid state by foliar spraying, soil spraying, soil irrigation, soil irrigation or the like. The present invention relates to a plant vitalizing agent which is used by being added to a culture solution for cultivation or the like. Here, "plant"
Is what can be recognized from the plant word itself, vegetables, fruits,
Fruit trees, cereals, seeds, bulbs, flowers, herbs, taxonomic plants, etc. shall be represented.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order for a plant to grow, various nutrient elements are required, and it is known that the deficiency of some of the elements may hinder the growth of the plant. For example, nitrogen is one of the three major elements of fertilizer, and nitrogen is a component element of protein.Phosphorus plays an important role not only in nucleic acid and phospholipid constituent elements but also in energy metabolism and in the synthesis and decomposition reactions of substances. Has a physiological effect on mass metabolism and mass transfer.
Lack of these key components generally leads to poor plant growth. Calcium is an important component constituting plants and cells, and also plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the metabolic system, causing calcium deficiency and causing physiological disorders. In addition, Mg, Fe, S,
Plants require various nutrients, such as B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cl, Si, and Na.

[0003] These nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like are applied in the form of original manure or top fertilizer, or are diluted with a liquid fertilizer, and are applied by soil irrigation or foliar spraying. These fertilizers are indispensable for the growth of plants, but even if given at a certain concentration or more, they cannot contribute to the improvement of plant growth and yield.

However, increasing the yield by promoting the growth of agricultural crops and increasing the yield per unit area is an important issue in agricultural production, and various plant growth regulators required for this purpose have been developed and utilized. I have. Plant growth regulators represented by gibberellins and auxins, germination, rooting, elongation,
It is used for regulating flowering, fruit set growth, and morphogenetic reactions. However, the effects of these substances are multifaceted and complicated, and their uses are limited.

[0005]

When a large amount of fertilizer is applied to soil for the purpose of increasing crop yield, various elements in the soil become excessive, and the absorption balance becomes poor, or the growth of plants is stagnant. And the like, and the problems such as the inability to achieve the desired increase in the yield and the increase in the quality such as the sugar content (Brick. Value) are caused. Also, roots have a limit of nutrient absorption, so there is an attempt to spray an aqueous solution or aqueous suspension of the required fertilizer element to absorb directly from the leaves and fruits, but simply spray an aqueous solution of the required element onto the leaves. However, there is a problem in terms of absorption efficiency, and spraying an excessive amount of fertilizer components on the contrary results in stress on plants and results in phytotoxicity.

[0006] Under such circumstances, there is a demand for a plant vitalizing agent which does not cause phytotoxicity or the like to plants and has an excellent effect of enhancing plant growth without limitation of use.

[0007]

According to the present invention, the following formula is provided.
From a substance whose calculated photosynthetic rate is 5% or more
Plant activating agent. Photosynthetic rate improvement (%) = [(P₁−P₀) / P₀] × 1
00 P₀： True light without using a plant activating agent
Growth rate (mgCO_Two/ Dm ^Two/ H) P₁： True photosynthesis when using a substance as a plant vitalizer
Speed (mgCO_Two/ Dm^Two/ H) In addition, the present invention relates to a photosynthesis rate direction calculated by the following equation.
The superiority is 5% or more, and less of the following (a) to (e)
The present invention relates to a plant vitalizer comprising a substance satisfying one of the above. Photosynthetic rate improvement (%) = [(P₁−P₀) / P₀] × 1
00 P₀： True light without using a plant activating agent
Growth rate (mgCO_Two/ Dm ^Two/ H) P₁： True photosynthesis when using a substance as a plant vitalizer
Speed (mgCO_Two/ Dm^Two/ H) (a) Improvement in chlorophyll meter value (hereinafter abbreviated as SPAD value)
2 points or more (b) 10% increase in plant weight (raw weight or dry weight)
(C) The degree of leaf area improvement of the plant body is 5% or more. (D) The ascorbic acid concentration increase in the leaf blade is 5% or more. (E) The decrease in the nitrate ion concentration in the leaf blade is 10% or more.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The degree of improvement in photosynthetic rate in the present invention is the degree of improvement in the true photosynthetic rate per unit area of leaves for a plant containing chloroplasts in cells. In the present invention, the degree of improvement in the photosynthetic rate when the same type of plant is grown under the same conditions is measured. Here, "true photosynthetic rate" means "apparent photosynthetic rate" and "dark breathing rate".
, Which are measured by the following methods, respectively.

[I] Pretreatment of Plant First, a plurality of plants to be measured are grown under the same conditions. At this time, a plurality (preferably the same number) of systems using a substance serving as a plant activating agent (test group) and a system not using the substance (control group) are prepared. Usually, the substance is added to soil or hydroponic solution or sprayed onto foliage. At this time, environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, etc., conditions such as soil type and composition, growth conditions such as the amount of applied fertilizer and the like and growth period are prepared in the test plot and the control plot. That is, the cells are grown for a certain period under the same conditions except for the addition of a substance serving as a plant activating agent. Specific numerical values of the pretreatment conditions may be appropriately determined in consideration of the type of plant, the growth stage, and the like. The plants in the test group and the control group, which have been pretreated in this way, are used for calculating the following apparent photosynthetic rate and dark respiratory rate.

[Ii] Calculation of apparent photosynthetic rate As a measuring device, "Vegetable Experimental Station Report A No. 12"
(Nagaoka et al., December 1984) The simultaneous photosynthesis and transpiration measurement apparatus described in "II. The same plant individual is put into the individual assimilation box of the apparatus, divided into two sections, a test section and a control section.
Temperature 25 ° C, inflow rate 20L / min, illuminance 87kl
x. After acclimation for 90 minutes under the conditions described above, the carbon dioxide concentrations at the inlet and outlet of the assimilation box are measured by an infrared gas analyzer. The measured values are substituted into the following formula, and the apparent photosynthetic rate of each of the test group and the control group (unit: mgCO ₂ / dm ² / h)
Is calculated. This formula is described on page 196 of "Latest crop physiology experiment method" (April 20, 1990, 2nd printing, issued by the Japan Agricultural Technology Association).

[0011]

(Equation 1)

ΔC: CO ₂ concentration difference between inlet and outlet of the assimilation box (ppm) A: leaf area (cm ² ) V: inflow of air into the assimilation box (L / hr) (The air containing 0.02 to 0.04% of carbon is used.) T: Temperature (° C.).

[Iii] Calculation of dark respiration rate The same apparatus as in [ii] is used as a measuring apparatus. In the assimilation box for individuals of the device, plant individuals of the same type as used in [ii] were put into two sections, a test section and a control section, as in [ii], at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a ventilation inflow of 20 L. / Min, illuminance 0k
lx. After acclimation for 90 minutes under the conditions described above, the carbon dioxide concentrations at the inlet and outlet of the assimilation box are measured by an infrared gas analyzer. The measured value is substituted into the above equation [ii], and the dark respiration rate (unit: mgCO ₂ / dm ² / h) in each of the test group and the control group.
Is calculated.

[Iv] Calculation of degree of improvement in photosynthetic rate Apparent photosynthetic rate (CO ₂ / dm ²⁾ obtained as described above
/ H) and the dark respiration rate (CO ₂ / dm ² / h) are the true photosynthetic rate (CO ₂ / dm ² / h). From the numerical values calculated above, each of the test plot and the control plot was obtained. Get the true photosynthetic rate.

From the true photosynthetic rate (P ₁ ) of the test section and the true photosynthetic rate (P ₀ ) of the control section obtained as described above, the degree of improvement (%) of the photosynthetic rate was calculated as [(P ₁ −P ₀ ) / P
₀ ] × 100.

In the present invention, the growth of plants is improved by using a substance having a photosynthetic rate improvement of 5% or more, preferably 7% or more, more preferably 9% or more, and still more preferably 11% or more, as a plant activating agent. Can be enhanced. In addition, the SPAD value and the leaf area also increase. Although the photosynthetic rate is an index of the metabolic rate of a plant, generally, the correlation between the degree of improvement and the plant growth enhancing effect found in the present invention is not known.

In the present invention, a substance which becomes a plant activating agent per plant as an aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion is contained as an active ingredient in an amount of 0.01 to 5000 ppm, and further 0.1 to 1000 pp.
m, especially a substance that improves the photosynthetic rate by 5% or more when administered at 1 to 500 ppm. In this case, a substance having a photosynthetic rate improvement of 5% or more within 50 days after the start of administration at this concentration is more preferable. In addition, when administered at a ratio of 0.001 to 3000 kg, more preferably 0.01 to 1000 kg, particularly 0.05 to 100 kg as an active ingredient per 1000 m ² (10a) as a solid preparation such as granules and powder, 50 days A substance whose photosynthesis rate is improved by 5% or more within the above range is preferable.

In the present invention, the photosynthetic rate is 5% or more, and at least one of the following (a) to (e):
At least two, even at least three, especially five
Materials satisfying all three are preferred. (A) The degree of improvement in SPAD value is 2 points or more. (B) Increase in plant weight (raw weight or dry weight) is 10%.
(C) The degree of improvement in the leaf area of the plant body is 5% or more. (D) The increase in the ascorbic acid concentration in the leaf blade is 5% or more. (E) The decrease in the nitrate ion concentration in the leaf blade is 10% or more.

Here, (a) The degree of improvement in SPAD value was determined by comparing the SPAD values of a test plot and a control plot grown under the same conditions with SPAD50 manufactured by Minolta, respectively, as in the above [i].
2 and the degree of improvement is calculated. The degree of improvement is preferably at least 2 points, more preferably at least 3 points,
Four or more points are more preferred. In the present invention, SP
For the measurement of the AD value, “Minolta chlorophyll meter SPAD50
2 "(Minolta). This is a plant (leaf)
Is a device for non-destructively measuring the amount of chlorophyll. A leaf is sandwiched between the measuring instruments and light is emitted (flash emission using a xenon lamp). The transmitted light passes through a filter of 670 nm which is the maximum wavelength of chlorophyll and 750 nm which is a non-specific absorption band of macromolecules such as proteins, and the difference between the absorption amounts of both wavelengths is calculated by an integrated circuit and digitally converted. Is done. The numerical value is a numerical value from 0 to 80 (SPAD value)
Is displayed with. The SPAD value is highly correlated with the chlorophyll content per unit area of the leaf, and the SPAD502 measured value (X) and the chlorophyll content (Y) (mg / 100c
m ² ), the following regression equation holds (Experimental Method for Plant Nutrition, Hirotosha Co., Ltd., 2nd printing, published on April 20, 1991, P366-367). Y = 0.0996X-0.152 In other words, a higher SPAD value indicates a higher chlorophyll content per unit area of leaf of the plant, indicating that the plant is growing.

The degree of improvement in SPAD value in the present invention is calculated by the following expression: degree of improvement in SPAD value = (SPAD value in test plot) − (SPAD value in control plot).

The SPAD value may be measured at any time as long as the leaves of the plant have reached an area (about 5 mm × 5 mm or more) that can be measured by the SPAD meter after treating the substance as a plant activating agent. As the measurement site of the SPAD value, the same leaf position of the plant treated with the substance serving as the plant activating agent and the plant not treated with the substance serving as the plant activating agent is measured at least 20 times, and an average value thereof is used.

Further, (b) the weight of the plant is calculated from the fresh weight or dry weight of the test plot and the control plot grown under the same conditions as in [i] above. Increase is 1
0% or more is preferable, 15% or more is more preferable, and 20% or more is used.
% Or more is more preferable. The measurement of the plant weight is performed as follows. Cultivation equipment (pots, etc.) for all plants, each of a plant treated with a substance serving as a plant activating agent (test section) and a plant not treated with a substance serving as a plant activating agent (control section)
Remove the soil and dirt attached to the roots with running water and measure the weight of each (raw weight). Also,
Each plant is dried at 70 ° C. for 5 days and its weight is measured (dry weight). The amount of increase in the weight of the plant is calculated as follows. Here, the calculation may be performed using either the raw weight or the dry weight, but it is preferable to calculate the dry weight in order to directly reflect the net amount of the assimilated substance. Increase in plant weight (raw weight) (%) = [(raw weight in test plot-fresh weight in control plot) / (raw weight in control plot)] x 100 Increase in plant weight (dry weight) (%) = [(Dry weight of test plot-dry weight of control plot) / (dry weight of control plot)] x 100 This increase in plant weight indicates substance production and weight increase, and Is a direct indicator of

(C) The degree of improvement of the leaf area of the plant is determined based on the leaf area of the entire plant in the test plot and the control plot grown under the same conditions as in the above [i]. calculate. The degree of improvement is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 7% or more, and even more preferably 9% or more. In the present invention, the degree of improvement in leaf area is measured using an automatic area meter AAC-400 (Hayashi Electric Works, Ltd.). This automatic area meter is a device that detects how much a sample blocks a scanning light beam with a photoelectric element. The minimum display unit is 1 mm ² and the maximum display number is 999999.9.
It can count and display up to 9 cm ² . Turn on the power switch of the apparatus, warm up for at least 15 minutes, insert a test plate (known area: 99.8 cm ² ),
Adjust to an error range within 1%. When the leaf blade of the plant in the test or control section is cut and used as a sample, inserted from the center of the film entrance and sent to the exit, the leaf area is displayed in mm ² units. The plants used for the measurement have rounded leaf blades.
It is better to use one with less distortion (eg tomato, cucumber, spinach, etc.). From the respective leaf areas of the test plot and the control plot, the degree of leaf area improvement is calculated by the following formula. Leaf area improvement (%) = [(leaf area of test plot-leaf area of control plot) / (leaf area of control plot) x 100 Large leaf area means that the plant receives light energy and photosynthesis. It is thought that it is possible to produce more substances, and that the degree of improvement in leaf area is one indicator of the progress of plant growth.

(D) The increase in the ascorbic acid concentration in the leaf blades is determined from the ascorbic acid concentration in the leaf blades of the plants in the test plot and the control plot grown under the same conditions as in the above [i]. Calculate the amount. RQ Flex (manufactured by Merck) is used to measure the ascorbic acid concentration in the leaf blade. Ascorbic acid reduces yellow molybdophosphate,
Produces blue phosphomolybdenum blue. The above-described apparatus irradiates the colored portion of the test paper with light, and measures the concentration of ascorbic acid in the sample from the intensity of the reflected light. The specific measuring method is as follows. The leaf blades are cut off from a plant treated with a substance serving as a plant activating agent (test section) and a plant not treated with a plant serving as a plant activating agent (control section). In the case of fruit vegetables, the same leaf position is used, and in the case of leaf vegetables, the entire plant is used as the leaf blade to be measured. Distilled water 20 times the weight of the sampled leaf blade was added, and the mixture was ground in a mortar while cooling with ice, filtered through a double gauze, and the filtrate was subjected to concentration of ascorbic acid in the blade blade using RQ Flex (Merck). Measurement. In order to suppress the decomposition of ascorbic acid, the obtained filtrate is stored in ice-cold water until measurement. The temperature of the filtrate at the time of measurement is returned to room temperature (15 ° C. to 20 ° C.), and the measurement is performed within one hour after the filtrate is obtained. The increase (%) is calculated from the ascorbic acid concentration in the leaf blade of each of the test and control plots according to the following formula. Leaf blade ascorbic acid concentration increase (%) = [(leaf blade ascorbic acid concentration in test group-leaf blade ascorbic acid concentration in control group) / (leaf blade ascorbic acid concentration in control group)]
× 100 A high ascorbic acid concentration in the leaf blade means that the leafy vegetables have a high vitamin C content in the edible portion, which is significant in terms of quality improvement. In addition, ascorbic acid in fruits and vegetables, photosynthesis becomes active,
It is said to play a role as a scavenger (scavenger) for harmful oxygen radicals generated in plants, and is considered to be beneficial.

(E) The degree of decrease in the concentration of nitrate ions in the leaf blades is calculated from the nitrate ion concentration in the leaf blades of the test plot and the control plot grown under the same conditions as in [i] above. calculate. RQ Flex (Merck) is used to measure the nitrate ion concentration in the leaf blade. The nitric acid in the sample is converted to nitrous acid by the reducing agent, and the nitrous acid generated in the acidic buffer reacts with the aromatic amine to form a diazonium salt. The diazonium salt undergoes azo coupling with N- (1-naphthyl) -ethylenediamine to produce a red-purple azo compound. The above-described apparatus irradiates the colored portion of the test paper with light, and measures the concentration of nitrate ions in the sample from the intensity of the reflected light. The specific measuring method is as follows. Plants treated with a substance as a plant stimulant (test section) and plants not treated with a plant as a plant stimulant (control section)
And cut the leaf blade from. In the case of fruit vegetables, the same leaf position is used, and in the case of leaf vegetables, the entire plant is used as the leaf blade to be measured.
Distilled water 20 times the weight of the sampled leaf blade was added, and the mixture was ground in a mortar while cooling with ice, filtered through a double gauze, and the filtrate was subjected to concentration of ascorbic acid in the blade blade using RQ Flex (Merck). Measurement. The temperature of the filtrate at the time of measurement is performed at room temperature (15 ° C. to 20 ° C.), and the measurement is performed within one hour after the filtrate is obtained. The degree of reduction (%) is calculated from the leaf blade nitrate ion concentration in each of the test and control plots according to the following equation. Degree of decrease in leaf nitrate concentration (%) = [(leaf blade nitrate concentration in control plot-leaf nitrate concentration in test plot) /
(Concentration of nitrate ion in leaf blade of control plot)] × 100 After nitrate ingested by humans was absorbed by digestive tract,
5% is re-secreted from saliva and becomes nitrite by microorganisms in saliva. When nitrous acid produced in the mouth moves into the stomach, a nitroso compound is produced under acidic conditions. Reducing the intake of nitric acid, which converts to highly toxic substances such as nitrous acid, nitroso compounds, etc., is important in food safety, and its low concentration is particularly significant in crops.

The growth conditions of the plants for measuring (a) to (e) may be different from each other, but are preferably all the same, and are all the same as the above-mentioned photosynthetic rate improvement. More preferred.

More preferably, the plant activating agent of the present invention comprises a substance having the following standard photosynthetic rate improvement of 5% or more.

<Standard photosynthetic rate improvement> In a glass greenhouse, the temperature is 25 ° C., natural light, carbon dioxide and humidity are under natural conditions.
Cultivate plants. Kureha horticultural culture soil manufactured by Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd. (fertilizer component; N: P: K = 0.4: 1.9: 0.6)
(G) / 1 kg of cultivated soil) is packed in a 50-well cell tray, seeds of tomato “Zuiken” are sown, the Kureha horticultural cultivation soil is covered thinly, and water is sufficiently irrigated to germinate. Two weeks after germination, the tomato seedlings are transplanted into a 15 cm (diameter) pot filled with Kureha horticulture soil. "Otsuka OKF2" manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. (fertilizer component, N: P: K: Ca: Mg = 1) so that the substance serving as a plant activating agent has an active ingredient concentration of 50 ppm.
4: 8: 16: 6: 2) diluted with a 3000-fold solution was used at weekly intervals from the 7th day after transplantation (the true leaf development stage).
Infiltration into soil at about 50 ml per pot (test plot). In addition, a control group prepared similarly by using only a 3000-fold solution of “Otsuka OKF2” manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. is prepared (control group). On the third day after the completion of the seventh processing, the true photosynthetic rate of each section is calculated in the same manner as in the above [i] to [iv]. Here, a plurality of individuals were prepared for each of the test group and the control group, and the true photosynthetic rate was measured three times for each of the three individuals arbitrarily extracted, and nine data for each group were obtained. Is used as the standard photosynthetic rate improvement of the substance.

A substance having a standard photosynthetic rate improvement of 5% or more can more efficiently increase the vitality of many plants, especially plants used as agricultural products.

Further, the substance which becomes a plant activating agent of the present invention includes:
It is more preferable that at least one of the above (a) to (e) calculated from the test group and the control group grown under the measurement conditions of the standard photosynthetic rate improvement degree satisfies the above range.

For the above (a) to (e), a test plot,
In the control group, a plurality of individuals are prepared, and three individuals which are arbitrarily extracted are used, and the values of (a), (c), (d) and (e) are calculated by their average values. In addition, another 3 is used for the calculation of (b).
Use individuals. Here, the SPAD value is an average value of 20 measurements (60 data items) for each individual, and the other is an average value of 3 individuals (3 data items).

The following substances can be used as the plant activating agent of the present invention, for example.

(1) Fatty Acids or Derivatives Thereof Monohydric fatty acids and salts thereof represented by the following general formula and monovalent fatty acid esters RCOO (AO) _n X In the formula, R is hydrogen or a carbon atom having 1 to 29 carbon atoms, preferably carbon atom. Represents an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 5 to 25, more preferably 13 to 21 carbon atoms, wherein X is a hydrogen atom,
30 alkyl groups or alkenyl groups or acyl groups or counter ions. Preferably a hydrogen atom, carbon number 1
4 to 22 alkyl groups, alkenyl groups or acyl groups. Counter ions include alkali metals such as sodium and potassium, alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium, trimethylamine, triethylamine,
Any of an alkylamine salt such as a long-chain alkylamine salt, an alkanolamine salt such as ethanolamine, and an ammonium salt may be used, and an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal is preferable. Further, the hydrocarbon group of the monovalent fatty acid and its ester may be saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, and may be linear, branched, or cyclic, preferably linear, branched, and more preferably. Is linear. AO represents an oxyalkylene group, and is preferably one or more groups selected from an oxyethylene group, an oxypropylene group and an oxybutylene group, and may be random or block, and n is the average number of moles added. , 0
~ 30, preferably 0 ~ 10, particularly preferably 0 ~ 5.

Examples of the fatty acid derivative include sugar ester derivatives such as pentaerythritol fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, and sucrose fatty acid ester.

Among the above fatty acid derivatives, in the case of a substance having a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group, HLB (Hydrophile-Li
pophile-Balance) is preferably 10 or less, and more preferably 8
The following is preferable, and especially 5 or less is preferable.

(2) Organic acids or derivatives thereof Oxygen such as citric acid, gluconic acid, malic acid, heptonic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, adipic acid and glutaric acid Carboxylic acids, polyvalent carboxylic acids and salts thereof, for example, potassium salt,
Sodium salt, ammonium salt, alkanolamine salt, aliphatic amine salt and the like can be mentioned. In addition, oxycarboxylic acid esters or amides such as alkyl citrates and alkyl citrates, and polyvalent carboxylic esters or amides are also included.

(3) Lipids or derivatives thereof Animal fats and oils such as beef tallow, lard, fish oil and whale oil; vegetable fats and oils such as coconut oil, palm oil, palm stearin oil, castor oil, soybean oil, olive oil; monoacylglycerol And fat derivatives such as diacylglycerol; phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidic acid; sphingolipids; glycolipids; terpenoids; Examples of the fats and oils derivatives include alkylene oxide adducts of a mixture of fats and oils and glycerin, and the average number of moles of the added alkylene oxide is 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 10, and particularly preferably 1 to 5.

Among the above lipid derivatives, in the case of a substance having a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group, the glycine preferably has an HLB of 10 or less, more preferably 8 or less, and particularly preferably 5 or less.

(4) Alcohol or its derivative Monohydric alcohol and its derivative or polyhydric alcohol and its derivative are mentioned.

(4-1) Monohydric alcohol and derivatives thereof Examples thereof include those represented by the following general formula. RO (AO) _n X In the formula, R represents 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 2 carbon atoms.
6, particularly preferably an alkyl or alkenyl group having 14 to 22 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated, and may be straight-chain, branched or cyclic. It is preferably a straight-chain or branched-chain, particularly preferably a straight-chain alkyl group. X represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 26 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 14 to 22 carbon atoms, and may be saturated or unsaturated; It may be branched or cyclic. It is preferably a straight-chain or branched-chain, particularly preferably a straight-chain alkyl group. AO represents an oxyalkylene group, and is preferably one or more groups selected from an oxyethylene group, an oxypropylene group, and an oxybutylene group;
Any block may be used. n represents the average number of moles added, and 0
-30, preferably 0-10, particularly preferably 0-5 mol.

Specific examples of the monohydric alcohol and its derivative include monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, eicosanol, behenyl alcohol, phytol, oleyl alcohol; POE (short for polyoxyethylene) (n = 1) stearyl ether, POE
(N = 3) polyoxyalkylene monoalkyl ethers such as cetyl ether; dialkyl ethers such as distearyl ether and stearyl cetyl ether; and polyoxyalkylene dialkyl ethers.

(4-2) Polyhydric alcohols and derivatives thereof Examples of polyhydric alcohols include glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol; sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol and glucose; erythritol, pentaerythritol and pentitol , Glycerin and the like or derivatives thereof.

Further, condensates of these polyhydric alcohols or condensates of monohydric alcohol and polyhydric alcohol can be mentioned. Examples of the polyhydric alcohol condensate include the following polyglycerin and derivatives thereof.

[0044]

Embedded image

[Wherein, n represents a number of 2 to 50, R is a hydrogen atom or an acyl group having 2 to 31 carbon atoms, X is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, m ₁ , m 2 ₂ and m ₃ are each a number from 0 to 30. ].

Examples of the condensate of a monohydric alcohol and a polyhydric alcohol include alkyl glyceryl ethers such as batyl alcohol, isostearyl glyceryl ether and behenyl glyceryl ether. Examples of condensates of monohydric alcohol and sugar or sugar alcohol include alkyl polyglucosides such as decyl polyglucoside and stearyl polyglucoside.

Further, there may be mentioned polyhydric alcohol fatty acid amides such as N-lauroyl N-methylglucamide and N-stearoyl N-methylglucamide.

Further, there may be mentioned alkylene oxide adducts of these polyhydric alcohols and derivatives. The alkylene oxide is preferably at least one selected from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide. Any of the additions may be used. The average number of moles added is 0 to 30, preferably 0 to 10, particularly preferably 0 to 5 mol.

Among the above alcohol derivatives, in the case of a substance having a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group, the glycine preferably has an HLB of 10 or less, more preferably 8 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less.

(5) Amines or Derivatives Thereof C1, C2 or C3 lower amines having an alkyl group, such as monomethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, etc. ~ 3
1, 2 having 0 hydrocarbon groups, preferably alkyl groups
Or amines such as polyamines such as tertiary long-chain amines, diamines and triamines, and salts thereof. Derivatives include quaternary ammonium salts, choline and salts thereof, and fatty acid salts of choline.

(6) Amino acids or derivatives thereof Aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid,
D-type or L-type amino acids such as glutamine, proline, glycine, alanine, cysteine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, tryptophan, and arginine. In addition, derivatives such as ornithine, creatine, hydroxyproline, acylated glutamine and the like can be mentioned.

(7) Proteins or Derivatives Thereof Peptides or polypeptides to which amino acids such as glutathione and oxytocin are linked, proteins and glycoproteins such as casein, keratin, hemoglobin, albumin and collagen, and enzymes that catalyze biological reactions. Can be

(8) Nucleic acid or derivative thereof Ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, degradation products thereof, nucleoside phosphates such as adenosine triphosphate, nucleotides of the structural units thereof, and the like.

(9) Terpenes or derivatives thereof Orange oil, turpentine oil, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, camphor (d-camphor), dl-camphor, 1-menthol,
terpenes such as dl-menthol and thymol or derivatives thereof;

(A) Natural extract Hinokitiol, chitin, chitosan, chlorella hydrolyzate,
Natural extracts such as wood vinegar are exemplified.

(B) Fermentation products Fermentation products obtained by amino acid fermentation, mixed organic acid fermentation, glycerol fermentation, penicillin fermentation and the like can be mentioned.

(C) Fermentation Residue The fermentation residue of the above (B) and the residue in the microorganism cultivation are exemplified.

(I) Vitamins Thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid,
Pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, vitamin B _12, water-soluble vitamins or their coenzymes such as ascorbic acid, vitamins A, D, E, include fat-soluble vitamins K, and the like.

Among them, the above (1), (2),
A substance selected from (3) and (4) is preferable, and (1),
A substance selected from (3) and (4) is more preferable,
A substance selected from (4) is particularly preferred.

The plant activating agent of the present invention may be composed of the above-mentioned substance of the present invention alone or may contain other components. Other components include a surfactant and a chelating agent. The surfactant and the chelating agent may have the above-mentioned photosynthetic rate improvement degree, the requirements of (a) to (e),
It may satisfy the standard photosynthesis speed improvement degree.

The surfactant is preferably at least one selected from nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and anionic surfactants.

Examples of the nonionic surfactant include sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyalkylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyalkylene fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyalkylene glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester,
Polyoxyalkylene polyglycerin fatty acid ester,
Sucrose fatty acid ester, resin acid ester, polyoxyalkylene resin acid ester, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether, alkyl (poly) glycoside, polyoxyalkylene alkyl (poly) glycoside, and the like. Preferably, a nonionic surfactant containing an ether group and a nonionic surfactant containing an ester group that do not contain a nitrogen atom are used.

Examples of the anionic surfactant include carboxylic acid-based, sulfonic acid-based, sulfate-based and phosphate-based surfactants, and carboxylic acid-based and phosphate-based surfactants are preferred. Examples of the carboxylic acid surfactant include fatty acids having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or salts thereof, polyvalent carboxylate, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether carboxylate, polyoxyalkylene alkyl amide ether carboxylate, rosinate, Dimer acid salt, polymer acid salt, tall oil fatty acid salt and the like can be mentioned.
Examples of the sulfonic acid surfactant include alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate, diphenyl ether sulfonate, condensate of alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, and condensation of naphthalene sulfonic acid. Salt and the like. Examples of the sulfate-based surfactant include alkyl sulfates, polyoxyalkylene alkyl sulfates, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfates, tristyrenated phenol sulfates, and polyoxyalkylenedistyrenated phenol sulfates. And alkyl polyglycoside sulfates. As phosphate ester surfactants,
For example, alkyl phosphate ester salts, alkylphenyl phosphate ester salts, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phosphate ester salts, polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl phosphate ester salts and the like can be mentioned. Examples of the salt include a metal salt (such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn), an ammonium salt, an alkanolamine salt, and an aliphatic amine salt.

Examples of the amphoteric surfactant include amino acids, betaines, imidazolines, and amine oxides. Examples of the amino acid system include acyl amino acid salts, acyl sarcosine salts, acyloylmethylaminopropionates, alkylaminopropionates, and acylamidoethylhydroxyethylmethylcarboxylates. Examples of the betaine include alkyl dimethyl betaine, alkyl hydroxyethyl betaine, acylamidopropylhydroxypropyl ammonia sulfobetaine, acylamidopropylhydroxypropyl ammonia sulfobetaine, ricinoleic acid amidopropyldimethylcarboxymethyl ammonia betaine, and the like. Examples of the imidazoline-based compounds include alkylcarboxymethylhydroxyethyl imidazolinium betaine and alkylethoxycarboxymethylimidazolium betaine. Examples of the amine oxides include alkyldimethylamine oxide, alkyldiethanolamine oxide, and alkylamidopropylamine oxide.

The above-mentioned surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In addition, the surfactant, the active ingredient of the plant activating agent, in the sense of uniformly solubilizing and dispersing,
Highly hydrophilic surfactants are desirable. In the surfactant, the HLB of griffin is preferably 10 or more, more preferably 12 or more. When these surfactants contain a polyoxyalkylene group, they preferably have a polyoxyethylene group, and the average number of moles added is 1 to 50. More preferably, the average number of moles added is 5 to 3.
0, particularly preferably 10 to 30.

Examples of the surfactant include a nonionic surfactant containing an ester group, a nonionic surfactant containing an ether group containing no nitrogen atom, an amphoteric surfactant, a carboxylic acid-based anionic surfactant and a phosphate-based anionic surfactant. One or more selected from ionic surfactants is preferred. In particular, one or more selected from ester group-containing nonionic surfactants and ether group-containing nonionic surfactants containing no nitrogen atom are preferred.
In the plant activating agent of the present invention, the weight ratio of the active ingredient (the substance whose photosynthetic rate improvement of the present invention is 5% or more) to the surfactant is such that the surfactant / active ingredient = 0.01 to 100, and more preferably 0 to 100. It is preferable that it is 0.05 to 50, especially 0.1 to 30 in that the active ingredient is efficiently penetrated into plants.

Examples of the chelating agent include amino polycarboxylic acid chelating agents, aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acid chelating agents, amino acid chelating agents, ether polycarboxylic acid chelating agents, and phosphonic acid chelating agents (for example, iminodimethylphosphone). Acid (IDP), alkyl diphosphonic acid (ADPA), etc.), dimethylglyoxime (DG), etc., which are in the form of an acid or in the form of a salt such as sodium, potassium, ammonium and the like. Is also good.

Examples of the aminopolycarboxylic acid chelating agent include: a) RNX ₂ type compound b) NX ₃ type compound c) R—NX—CH ₂ CH ₂ —NX—R type compound d) R—NX—CH ₂ CH _2- NX ₂ type compound and e) X ₂ N—R′—NX ₂ type compound and X
All of the compounds included above can be used. In the above formula, X is -C
Represents H ₂ COOH or -CH ₂ CH ₂ COOH, R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, the substituents represent a hydroxyalkyl group or a known chelating compounds of this type,
R ′ represents an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group or a group representing a known chelate compound of this type. Typical examples thereof include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA),
Cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), iminodiacetic acid (IDA), N
-(2-hydroxyethyl) iminodiacetic acid (HIMD
A), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA),
Examples thereof include N- (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (EDTA-OH) and glycol etherdiaminetetraacetic acid (GEDTA) and salts thereof.

Examples of the aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acid chelating agents include citric acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, anthranilic acid and salts thereof.

Examples of the amino acid chelating agent include glycine, serine, alanine, lysine, cystine, cysteine, ethionine, tyrosine or methionine, and salts and derivatives thereof. Furthermore, examples of the ether polycarboxylic acid-based chelating agent that can be used in the present invention include a compound represented by the following formula, a similar compound thereof, and a salt thereof (particularly, Na salt).

[0071]

Embedded image

The form of the plant activating agent of the present invention may be any of liquid, flowable, paste, wettable powder, granule, powder, tablet and the like. It is applied to the leaves and roots of plants as an aqueous solution, aqueous dispersion or emulsion having an active ingredient concentration of 0.01 to 5000 ppm.

The present invention provides a method for improving plant vitality, comprising supplying the plant vitality agent of the present invention to a plant. Various methods can be used as a method for supplying the plant activating agent of the present invention to plants. For example, powders and granules can be directly administered like solid fertilizers such as chemical fertilizers, diluted aqueous solutions can be directly sprayed on plants such as leaves, stems, and fruits, or can be injected into soil or hydroponics. And a method of diluting and mixing with a hydroponic solution or supply water that is in contact with the root such as rock wool or rock wool.

Plants that can be treated with the plant vitalizer of the present invention include cucumber, pumpkin, watermelon,
Melon, tomato, eggplant, pepper, strawberry, okra, green bean, broad bean, peas, edamame, corn and the like can be mentioned. For leafy vegetables, Chinese cabbage, horse chestnuts, bok choy, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, meka cabbage, onion, green onion, garlic, rakkyo, chive, asparagus, lettuce, saladana, celery, spinach, shungiku, parsley, mitsuba, seri, udo, myoga , Butterbur, perilla and the like. As root vegetables, radish, turnip, burdock, carrot, potato, taro, sweet potato, yam, ginger,
Lotus root and the like. In addition, it can be used for rice, wheat, flowers and the like.

[0075]

Industrial Applicability The plant activating agent of the present invention has no phytotoxicity to plants when treated at an appropriate concentration, and can be used for various agricultural crops in order to efficiently improve plant vitality. In addition, the present invention can improve plant growth such as promoting root survival of plants, increasing weight, increasing SPAD value, increasing leaf area, increasing ascorbic acid concentration in leaf blades, and decreasing nitrate ion concentration in leaf blades. Be looked at.

[0076]

[Example] Example 1 <Soil treatment test on tomato seedlings> Cultivar: Tomato "Zuiken" Cultivation container: 50-well cell tray for germination 15cm (diameter) pot for cultivation Media used: Kureha horticultural culture soil (Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd.) [Fertilizer component; N: P: K = 0. 4: 1.9: 0.6 (g / cultured soil 1 kg)] Seeds were seeded on a 50-well cell tray under the above conditions, transplanted into a pot two weeks after germination, and weekly after seven days, Tables 1 and 2
And a plant stimulant such as that shown in "Otsuka O"
KF2 "(manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) was treated seven times in total with a plant stimulant mixture mixed with a 3000-fold diluted solution. In addition,
The concentration of the plant activating agent in the mixture was as shown in Tables 1 and 2, the balance was water, and the treatment amount was about 50 per pot.
It was allowed to penetrate into the soil in ml. After completion of the seventh treatment, on the third day, the apparent photosynthetic rate and dark respiratory rate were measured by the above method, the true photosynthetic rate was calculated, the photosynthetic rate improvement was calculated, and the relative value to the control group was calculated. Indicated by In addition,
In the test group and the control group, a plurality of individuals were prepared, and the true photosynthetic rate was measured three times for each of the three individuals arbitrarily extracted, and nine data were obtained for each group. The degree of improvement was calculated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

On the third day after the completion of the seventh processing, the same three individuals for which the degree of improvement in photosynthetic speed was calculated were evaluated on the third day.
The PAD value, the degree of improvement in the leaf area, the increase in the ascorbic acid concentration in the leaf blade, and the degree of the decrease in the nitrate ion concentration in the leaf blade were measured by the aforementioned methods. On the third day after the completion of the seventh treatment, the amount of increase in plant weight (dry matter weight) of the other three individuals was measured on the third day. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, where the SPAD value was 20 for each individual.
It is the average value measured twice (the number of data is 60).
This is the average value of three individuals (the number of data is 3). Also, SPAD
Values other than the values are relative to the control.

[0078]

[Table 1]

When the standard photosynthetic rate improvement of the product 1-5 of the present invention was measured by the above-mentioned method, 18.7 was obtained.
%Met.

[0080]

[Table 2]

POE is an abbreviation for polyoxyethylene, and the number in parentheses is the average number of moles of ethylene oxide added (the same applies hereinafter).

Example 2 <Soil treatment test on spinach> Cultivar: Spinach “Esper” Cultivation container: 18 cm (diameter) pot for cultivation Cultivation soil used: Kureha horticulture culture soil (manufactured by Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd.) [fertilizer component: N: P: K = 0.4: 1.9: 0.6 (g / cultivation soil 1kg)] Under the above conditions, Kureha horticulture cultivation soil is 1.3L per pot.
(1.5 kg) was used and seeded. The treatment was started 12 days after sowing, and the plant activating agent as shown in Tables 3 and 4 was subjected to soil treatment at intervals of once a week for a total of 5 times. The concentration of the plant activating agent was as shown in Tables 3 and 4, the balance being water, and the treatment amount was 1
Approximately 150 ml per pot was allowed to penetrate the soil. After completion of the fifth treatment, on the third day, the apparent photosynthetic rate and dark respiratory rate were measured by the above-described method, the true photosynthetic rate was calculated, the photosynthetic rate improvement was calculated, and the relative value to the control group was calculated. Indicated by In addition, in each of the test group and the control group, a plurality of individuals were prepared, the true photosynthetic rate was measured three times for each of the three individuals arbitrarily extracted, and nine data were obtained for each group. The photosynthetic rate improvement was calculated. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

On the third day after finishing the fifth processing, the same three individuals for which the degree of improvement in photosynthetic speed was calculated,
The PAD value, the degree of improvement in the leaf area, the increase in the ascorbic acid concentration in the leaf blade, and the degree of the decrease in the nitrate ion concentration in the leaf blade were measured by the aforementioned methods. On the third day after the completion of the fifth treatment, the increase in plant weight (dry matter weight) was measured for the other three individuals on the third day. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4, where the SPAD value was 20 for each individual.
It is the average value measured twice (the number of data is 60).
This is the average value of three individuals (the number of data is 3). Also, SPAD
Values other than the values are relative to the control.

[0084]

[Table 3]

[0085]

[Table 4]

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) A01N 37/42 A01N 37/42 41/04 41/04 Z 43/08 43/08 G 43/16 43 / 16 A 43/36 43/36 Z 43/40 101 43/40 101E (72) Inventor Masaharu Hayashi 1334 Minato, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama Prefecture Kao Research Laboratory F-term (reference) 2B022 AB11 AB13 AB15 AB17 EA01 4H011 AB03 BA06 BB06 BB07 BB08 BB09 BB19 DA13 DD04 DG05 DG06 DH03

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. An improvement in photosynthesis speed calculated by the following equation:
A plant vitalizer comprising a substance having a degree of 5% or more. Photosynthetic rate improvement (%) = [(P₁−P₀) / P₀] × 1
00 P₀： True light without using a plant activating agent
Growth rate (mgCO_Two/ Dm ^Two/ H) P₁： True photosynthesis when using a substance as a plant vitalizer
Speed (mgCO_Two/ Dm^Two/ H) 2. An improvement in photosynthesis speed calculated by the following equation:
The degree is 5% or more, and at least the following (a) to (e)
A plant activating agent consisting of a substance that satisfies one of the above. Photosynthetic rate improvement (%) = [(P₁−P₀) / P₀] × 1
00 P₀： True light without using a plant activating agent
Growth rate (mgCO_Two/ Dm ^Two/ H) P₁： True photosynthesis when using a substance as a plant vitalizer
Speed (mgCO_Two/ Dm^Two/ H) (a) Improvement in chlorophyll measurement value of 2 points or more (b) Increase in plant weight (raw weight or dry weight) by 10%
(C) The degree of leaf area improvement of the plant body is 5% or more. (D) The ascorbic acid concentration increase in the leaf blade is 5% or more. (E) The decrease in the nitrate ion concentration in the leaf blade is 10% or more. 3. The plant vitalizer according to claim 2, wherein the substance satisfies at least two of the above (a) to (e). 4. The substance comprises (1) a fatty acid or a derivative thereof, (2) an organic acid or a derivative thereof, (3) a lipid or a derivative thereof, (4) an alcohol or a derivative thereof, and (5) an amine or a derivative thereof. (6) an amino acid or a derivative thereof,
(7) protein or derivative thereof, (8) nucleic acid or derivative thereof, (9) terpene or derivative thereof, (A) natural product extract, (B) fermentation product, (C) fermentation residue, and (I) vitamin At least one member selected from the group consisting of:
The plant activating agent according to any one of claims 3 to 3. 5. The plant vitalizing agent according to claim 1, which comprises at least one selected from a surfactant and a chelating agent.