JPH02178203A - Yield increase agent for crops and yield increase - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the subject yield increase agent containing a mixture of citric acid(salt) and malic acid(salt) in a specified ratio as the active component and capable of producing growth promotion and yield increase of crops. CONSTITUTION:The subject yield increase agent for crops containing a mixture of citric acid or a salt thereof and malic acid or a salt thereof in a ratio of (2:8)-(8:2) as the active component. By spraying the above-mentioned mixture on the stems and the leaves of the crops, drenching the mixture into the soil of the culture field for the crops or immersing the crops in the above-mentioned mixture, the growth of the crops are remarkably promoted and the objective yield increase can be produced as the consequence.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Concerning crop yield increasing agents and yield increasing methods.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It has been known that organic acids such as citric acid and malic acid promote plant growth. As an example, germination and rooting can be promoted by soaking sluices and wheat seeds in citric acid or malic acid [Tokyo University of Agriculture Report Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 102-106 (19
7B)) To promote the establishment of seedlings after transplanting to Honda by spraying citric acid on the sluice gate (Special Publication No. 56-3)
No. 4565). It is also known that soaking corn, beans, and sunflower seeds in malic acid or citric acid increases the enzyme activity of these plants and promotes their growth.
0bshch, Zakonomer.

RosLa Razv, Ra5t,, Dokl, Nau
ck Konf, Vilnyus, pp. 121-1
28 pages (published in 1965).

Furthermore, it is known that mixing citric acid with ethanolamine or ethylene glycol and spraying it on the leaves of cucumbers, pears, persimmons, and mandarin oranges has the effect of forming flower buds and promoting fruit ripening, respectively. (Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-34565, Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-21948).

However, two components, citric acid or its salt and malic acid or its salt, are mixed in a specific ratio and this is sprayed on the foliage of crops, or irrigated into the soil of the crop cultivation area, or this is mixed in a specific ratio. It is not known whether immersing crops in water or its effect on increasing crop yields is known.

The invention or problem to be solved 1!1 is a highly safe alternative to conventional crop yield increasing agents for one crop, and can be sprayed on the foliage of crops or irrigated into the soil of the crop cultivation area. Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel crop yield increasing agent that promotes growth and increases yield of crops by simple use such as dipping the crops, and a technique for using the same.

It has been found that the growth of plants is significantly promoted, resulting in increased yield. And, the effect is especially 2 = 8 to 8:2 of citric acid or its salt and malic acid or its salt.
It has been found that extremely high concentrations can be achieved by spraying a mixture of a range of amounts on the foliage of a crop, irrigating it into the soil where the crop is grown, or dipping the crop.

Therefore, the first gist of the present invention is that citric acid or its salt and malic acid or its salt 228-8
A crop yield increasing agent characterized by containing a mixture as an active ingredient in a ratio of :2.

In addition, the second point is that the inventors of the present invention have made intensive studies on citric acid in order to achieve the object -h. As a result, two types of active ingredients, citric acid or its salt and malic acid or its salt, are mixed in a specific ratio and this is sprayed on the foliage of crops or irrigated into the soil of the area where the crops are grown. A method for increasing yield of crops is characterized in that one crop is irrigated into the soil of a crop value medium, or cypress is soaked in this mixture.

Next, a method for formulating the yield increasing agent of the present invention will be explained.

Example (Cultivation - Large) When formulating the crop yield increaser of the present invention, citric acid can be used as is, or citric acid and malic acid are usually combined with potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, Inorganic bases such as calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide or organic bases such as pyridine and triethanolamine
It is preferable to adjust H to 4 to B and use it as an aqueous solution.

In addition, it is free of citric acid, malic acid, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc.! ! or the fourth
Organic salts such as ammonium salts can be used as such or as an aqueous solution. In this case, in the present invention, the mixing ratio of citric acid and malic acid is 228 to 8:2.
It is desirable that the active ingredients of the present invention be prepared as solutions, wettable powders, emulsions, oils, sprays, powders, or granules using liquid carriers, solid carriers, emulsifying dispersants, etc. commonly used in agricultural chemical formulations. Nato's mission,
It can also be used in the form of a. Examples of carriers that can be used include solid carriers such as mineral powders (kaolin, bentonite, clay, montmorillonite, talc, diatom-L, mica, vermiculite, gypsum, calcium carbonate, apatite, white carbon, slaked lime, silica sand). , ammonium sulfate, urea, etc.), vegetable powders (soybean flour, wheat flour,
wood flour, tobacco flour, starch, crystalline cellulose, etc.), polymer compounds (petroleum resin, polyvinyl chloride, ketone resin,
dammargum, etc.), alumina, silicates, sugar polymers,
Examples include highly dispersed silicic acid and waxes. Also,
Liquid carriers include water, alcohols (methyl alcohol).

Ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, 1so-
propyl alcohol, butanol, ethylene glycol, benzyl alcohol, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, benzene, xylene, ethylbenzene, methylnaphthalene, etc.).

Halogenated hydrocarbons (chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, chloroethylene, monochlorobenzene,
Trichlorfluoromethane, dichlorofluoromethane/
), ethers (ethyl ether, ethylene oxide, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, etc.), ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, isophorone, etc.), esters (ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol acetate, acetic acid) amyl), acid amides (dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide), nitriles (acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile, etc.), sulfoxides (dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.), alcohol ethers (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ethyl ether, etc.), aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbons (n-hexane, cyclohexane, etc.), industrial gasoline (petroleum ether, solvent naphtha, etc.), petroleum distillates (paraffins, kerosene, light oil, etc.), etc. Can be mentioned.

In addition, when formulating wettable powders, dispersion, solubilization, wetting,
Various surfactants or emulsifiers are used for foaming, lubrication, and spreading purposes. Surfactants used in such surfactants include nonionic types (polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl esters, sorbitan alkyl esters, etc.) and anionic types (alkylbenzene sulfonates, etc.). , alkyl sulfosuccinate, alkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfate, aryl sulfonate, etc.), cationic type (alkylamines (laurylamine, stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, etc.), (polyoxyethylene alkyl amines) )) 1 amphoteric type [carboxylic acid (betaine type), sulfate ester salt, etc.], but of course it is not limited to these examples, and
In addition to these, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, gum arabic, polyvinyl acetate,
Various adjuvants such as gelatin, casein, sodium alginate, gum tragacanth, etc. can be used.

In the present invention, when manufacturing the various formulations described above, the formulations are formulated to contain the compound of the present invention in a range of 0.001% to 95% (weight %: the same hereinafter), preferably 0.01% to 90%. For example, in the case of a wettable powder or liquid preparation, the active ingredient of the present invention can be contained in a total amount of 1% to 75% of the two dilute acids.

Furthermore, when the compound of the present invention is used as a crop yield increaser, it can also be used in combination with known fungicides, insecticides, plant regulators, organic fertilizers, liquid fertilizers, and the like.

Next, the method for formulating the crop yield increasing agent of the present invention will be explained by giving specific examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples, and may be formulated with various other additives in any proportion.

In addition, all parts in Examples indicate parts by weight.

Example 11 12 parts of citric acid and 6 parts of malic acid are dissolved in wood, adjusted to pH 5.0 with potassium hydroxide, and made up to 100 parts with water to obtain a solution containing 18% of the active ingredient.

Example 2 Wettable powder Sodium citrate 12 parts, sodium malate 6 parts
3 parts of calcium lignin sulfonate, 2 parts of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, and 7 parts of clay.
7 parts are uniformly mixed to obtain a wettable powder containing 18% of the active ingredient.

The crop yield enhancer of the present invention can be used at various stages of crop growth, such as seed, seedling, and cutting stages, flowering stage, and fruiting stage.

The amount of the crop yield enhancer of the present invention to be used varies depending on the type and growth stage of the crop to be treated, and is usually the sum of citric acid or its salt and malic acid or its salt, which is sprayed on the foliage or dipped into the soil. In all cases, the amount used is 10 g to 3000 g, preferably 50 g to 1000 g per IO are. Moreover, when crops are pre-dipped, they are used by immersing them in a chemical solution of 0.0001 ppm to 11000 ppm, preferably 0.0 old ppm to 1001) Pa.

When the crop yield increaser of the present invention is used as a solution or a wettable powder, it is diluted with water and the amount of sprayed liquid is O per 10 are, 1~500, preferably 1~25.
Spray 01 on the foliage of crops or dilute it with water to produce an amount of ~8,000 iooi, preferably 200 ~ per lOare.
Just sprinkle 5,000 drops into the soil.

In addition, in the case of immersion treatment, the following effects can be brought about by using the crop yield increasing agent of the invention on seeds, seedlings, and cuttings. Namely, the yield increasing agent of the present invention may be sprayed on the foliage, or
Alternatively, if the crop is irrigated into the soil or soaked in this yield enhancer, it will be absorbed by the crop and increase photosynthetic activity. As a result, crop growth is promoted and yields are increased. Also.

The active ingredients of the yield increaser of the present invention have low toxicity to humans and animals, do not cause environmental pollution, and do not cause phytotoxicity to crops, so they can be used with confidence.

In addition, the crop yield enhancer, which weighs 9 hours per bottle, can be applied to a wide variety of plants to promote growth, improve quality, and increase yield. Specific examples of such plants include root vegetables such as sugar beet, radish, and carrots;
Leafy vegetables such as cabbage, Chinese cabbage, and lettuce, legumes such as corn, fruit vegetables such as cucumbers, melons, tomatoes, and eggplants, fruit trees such as apples, pears, oysters, and mandarin oranges, and chrysanthemums.

Examples include flower plants such as carnations.

As described above, the active ingredient of the present invention is useful as a yield increaser for one crop.

Next, in order to demonstrate the usefulness of the crop yield increasing agent of the present invention, test examples will be specifically shown.

Test Example 1 Measurement of photosynthetic activity In a phytotron under natural light, daytime and nighttime temperatures were maintained at 25°C and 15°C, respectively, and wheat (variety: Norin No. 61) seeds were placed in a growing box filled with vermiculite as a culture medium. The seeds were sown, germinated and grown for 10 days. Then, use this wheat leaf.

Protoplasts were isolated using standard methods.

Then, 0H (pH 7,
6) Add citric acid or malic acid alone or a mixture to a predetermined concentration to 1 mJ1 of a buffer solution containing 0.4 mol of sorbitol and 0.3 mmol of sodium hydrogen carbonate, and add it by the method described above. The obtained problasts were suspended and incubated at 25°C for 1 minute, and then irradiated with 100,000 lux light to initiate photosynthesis. Then, the oxygen generation rate was measured by the oxygen electrode method, and the photosynthetic activity value was determined when the untreated area was set as 100. Regarding the synergistic effect of mixed use of citric acid and malic acid, Colby's method (Weeds, Vol. 15, p. 20 -
22 (1967)).

Processing amount a of ERA agent and location of agent B J9! Expected activity value when ff1b is mixed (% of untreated area) If it is larger than the actually measured activity value or the E value calculated by the above formula, it is synergistic, and if it is the same as the E value, it is additive. Yes, and when it is smaller than the E value, it is antagonistic.

The results are shown in Table 1.

(% vs. untreated area) Activity value of Y2B agent treated amount (% vs. untreated area) Table 1. Husband of the maid? ll1111Q indicates fI when the weight is 100.

Test Example 2 N1 rape yield increase test (pot cultivation after foliage treatment) Three sugar beet seeds (variety: Hirabe) were sown in paper tubes (paper pot standard No. 1) filled with soil.

This vapor pot was placed in a phytotron under natural light at 25° C. during the day and 15° C. at night, and the sugar beets were allowed to germinate and grow. When cotyledons began to develop, they were thinned out except for one. and.

Wettable powders containing citric acid (sodium salt) or malic acid (sodium salt) alone or as a mixture thereof in various proportions were prepared according to Example 2 using AgI! ! IL, diluted with water to a specified concentration, sprayed on the stems and leaves of the fungus -F, from the leaf stage to the 4.5J' stage, a total of 6 times at a rate of 9,200 m every 3 days. did.

After chemical treatment, 175,000 are of Wagu rape were collected from the seedlings, and the fresh weight of stems and leaves, and the fresh weight of roots were measured, and the single-use plots were estimated based on the ratio of untreated plots, and the mixed-use plots were estimated based on the ratio of each single-use plot. The presence or absence of synergism in terms of effectiveness was determined in the same manner as Test Example 1.

This test was repeated 3 times, 4 times per section, and the average value was calculated.

The results are shown in Table 2.

Trial of the entrance unit (pot cultivation with irrigation) Three seeds of sugar beet (variety: Hirabe) were sown in paper tubes (paper pot standard No. 1) filled with soil. This paper pot was placed in a natural light phytotron at 25° C. during the day and 15° C. at night, and the sugar beet seeds were germinated and grown, and when cotyledons began to develop, one seed was killed and thinned out. When vl reaches the 4.5 leaf stage, which is the suitable planting period, a liquid preparation containing citric acid or malic acid alone or a mixture thereof in various proportions prepared according to Example 1 is added to a predetermined concentration with water. The solution was diluted and irrigated with three alternating currents per rrI'. The seedlings after the irrigation treatment were planted together with soil in Wagner pots with a size of 115,000 are. Then, the pot was placed in a phytotron under natural light under the same conditions as above to allow it to take root. Then, 21 days after planting, the sugar beet was pulled out and the fresh weight of the stems, leaves and roots was measured, and the synergistic effect was calculated based on the ratio of untreated plots for the single-use plot, and from the effect of each car-use plot for the mixed-use plot. The presence or absence was determined in the same manner as Test Example 1.

This test was repeated 3 times with 4 consecutive tests per section, and the average value was calculated.

The results are shown in Table 3.

Test Example 4 Yield increase test of sugar beet (3 seeds of sugar beet (variety: Hirabe) grown in the field after irrigation treatment were sown in paper tubes (Vaporbot Standard No. 1) filled with soil.The pots were sown for 25 hours during the day. Sugar beet seeds f- were placed in a phytotron under natural light at 15°C at night to germinate and grow, and when the cotyledons began to develop, they were thinned out except for one seedling. When the 5-leaf stage has been reached, citric acid or malic acid prepared according to Example 1 alone or a mixture thereof is diluted with water to a specified concentration, and this diluted solution is poured into a Goto 93.
It was irrigated into the soil using a watering can.

One day after the irrigation treatment, the seedlings were planted in the field, and thereafter cultivation was managed according to conventional practices.

For the yield survey, 157 days after the irrigation treatment, the sugar beets were removed according to the randomized block method, and the fresh weight of the stems, leaves, and roots was measured.The single-use plots were calculated based on the ratio of the untreated plots, and the mixed-use plots were estimated based on the ratio of each width plot. The presence or absence of synergism was determined in the same manner as in Test Example 1 in terms of the effects.

This test was repeated three times in one section of 14.6 m'', and the average value was calculated.

The results are shown in Table 4.

Test Example 5 Potato yield increase test (cuttings immersion treatment A solution prepared according to Example 1 was diluted with water to a predetermined concentration, and cuttings of sweet potato (variety: Crystalline No. 14) were added to 141 of this diluted solution. Thirty cuttings were soaked at 25° C. for 24 hours so that the cut ends were immersed. Eight to one days after the soaking, the treated cuttings were planted in the field. Thereafter, cultivation was managed according to conventional practices.

The yield investigation was carried out on the total yield and quality of the potatoes by the randomized block method after the soaking treatment 130.

This test was repeated three times, with each section 10.2 m' and 56 plants per section, and the average estimated V value was determined.

The results are shown in Table 5.

Note in Table 5) The values in parentheses for the untreated area are the weight (Kg) per 1 are of large or large tubers. weighs 50g
200g or more, the yield of large potatoes is 200g per piece
The above was used.

Uso J Cabbage yield increase test (field cultivation after stalk processing) Cabbage (variety: Nagano Takaai Chusei [[Indigo]) A plastic pot filled with soil with 3 seeds each (65 mm long, 65 mm wide, 70 mm deep) The seeds were sown in mm). This pot was placed in a phytotron under natural light at 30° C. during the day and 20° C. at night, and the cabbage was allowed to germinate and grow. When the cotyledons started to develop, I thinned them out, leaving only one. A hydrating powder prepared according to Example 2 was diluted with water to a predetermined concentration, and applied at a rate of 200 per 10 ares every 3 days from the cotyledon stage to the 4.5th leaf stage of the seedlings. The foliage was sprayed a total of 6 times. Thereafter, the chemically treated seedlings were planted in the field, and thereafter cultivated according to conventional methods.

Yield surveys were conducted for whole and globular types 98 days after planting.
The average value was calculated.

In this test, two rows were planted in 1 test section of 5.6 rn'', ridge width of 1.4 m, and plant spacing of 40 cm in three repetitions, and the average value was determined.

The results are shown in Table 6.

Table Note 1) Sodium salts were used for both citric acid and malic acid.

Note 2) The numbers in parentheses for the untreated area are the weight fi1 per share.
(g) is shown.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) Citric acid or its salt and malic acid or its salt 2
A crop yield increase agent characterized by containing a mixture as an active ingredient in a ratio of: :8 to 8:2. 2) Citric acid or its salt and malic acid or its salt 2
A method for increasing yield of crops, which comprises spraying a mixture in a ratio of: 8 to 8:2 on the foliage of crops, or irrigating the soil in the area where the crops are grown, or immersing the crops in this mixture. .