JPH1052169A - Plant greenness maintenance, plant greenness maintaining agent and greenness recovering promoter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for maintaining the plant greenness for maintaining a lawn in a golf course, etc., capable of extending a period of maintaining the plant greenness in the winter season, also promoting the recovery of the greenness in the early spring and maintaining the plant greenness without polluting the environment by increasing the concentration of a betaine in the plant body. SOLUTION: This method for maintaining a plant greenness is to spray a plant greenness maintaining agent containing a betaine of the formula (R is a 1-8C alkyl) such as a glycine betaine as an active ingredient (an applying concentration is preferably 1-10g/m<2> ) to the plant belonging to the family Graminease, etc., for increasing the betaine concentraion in the plant body to maintain the greenness of the plant. Further, a plant greenness recovery promoter is obtained by containing the betaine and an iron component as active ingredients.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for maintaining greenness of a plant, particularly a perennial plant of the grass family such as turfgrass, in which the greenness of the plant is extended in winter, and a plant green which can be used in the method. The present invention relates to a greenness preserving agent and a plant greenness recovery promoting agent capable of promoting greenness recovery in early spring.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Perennial plants of the grass family, especially turfgrass, are used in various facilities such as parks and golf courses, and have an effect of protecting the ground surface, protecting the environment, and especially enhancing the landscape. Is showing. However, most of the turfgrass used is warm-season turfgrass such as blackgrass grass, so that it is dormant in winter and the above-ground part withers and loses its greenness. For this reason, there was a difficulty that it was difficult to keep the landscape of the facility constant throughout the year.

On the other hand, conventionally, while studying the improvement of fertilizers, the amount of fertilizer has been increased, the turfgrass has been colored green by paint or the like, or the turfgrass of a cold-sea type, which germinates and grows quickly, has been overgrown. Direct treatments such as seeding were also performed.

[0004] However, in the development of new fertilizers, no dramatic progress has been seen at present because of environmental pollution and production costs. In addition, increasing the amount of fertilizer not only increases the cost, but also poses a problem that the environment may be polluted. Furthermore, coloring turfgrass with paint or overseeding a different kind of turfgrass has a problem that it takes much labor and cost every year.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems,
A method for maintaining the greenness of a plant which can extend the greenness maintenance period of the plant in the winter season, yet has no problem of environmental pollution, and a plant greenness maintenance agent, and a plant which can promote the recovery of greenness in early spring No greenness restoration promoter will be provided.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a method for maintaining plant greenness, which comprises increasing the concentration of betaine in a plant.

[0007] As a method for increasing the betaine concentration in a plant, the present invention provides a method of externally applying a plant greenness preserving agent to the plant by spraying or the like, and introducing a betaine synthase gene into the gene. Thus, a method for promoting betaine synthesis in a plant is provided.

[0008] The plant greenness maintenance agent of the present invention is characterized by using betaine as an active ingredient. Here, betaine means any compound that forms an amphoteric ion with an internal salt such as a quaternary ammonium base, a phosphonium base, or a sulfonium base. Among them, N-trialkyl-substituted amino acids,

[0009]

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The compound represented by the formula (wherein R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms) is a natural product widely existing in the animal and plant kingdoms, and is easily decomposed in nature, for example, underground or in water. It is preferable because there is no concern about environmental pollution.

Among them, glycine betaine, ie, a compound represented by the general formula

[0012]

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Is relatively easy to obtain because it is known to be contained in marine products such as seaweeds and crustaceans, malt and mushrooms, and in particular is known to be contained in large amounts in molasses of sugar beet. , Which is approved as a food additive, that is, it satisfies the strict acute toxicity test and mutagenicity test safety standards in the certification of food additives, has high solubility in water and alcohol, and adjusts the concentration of the solution. Is easy to handle because it can be performed freely, because the solution is colorless and odorless, it can be sprayed in places where people enter and exit, such as parks and golf courses, and because it is extremely stable to acids and alkalis It is particularly preferable because a stable effect can be expected even when sprayed on soil.

The betaine of the present invention can be used as an active ingredient in any of betaine purified by chemical synthesis, betaine contained in a natural product, and betaine extracted from the natural product. can do. In the case of betaine purified by chemical synthesis, the origin of the synthesis is not particularly limited.
It may be derived from any of natural products and chemically synthesized products. Examples of betaines contained in natural products include sugar beets and the like that have been shredded using a grater or a food processor. As a method for extracting crude betaine from a natural product, for example, sugar beet is cut, put into a mortar, added with liquid nitrogen, and ground using a pestle. And
To about 10 g of the pulverized material, about 20 ml of distilled water, ethanol, or methanol is added, immersed and extracted for 20 minutes, and then centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for about 5 minutes to collect the supernatant. There is a method in which this operation is repeated twice or more, and the collected supernatant is evaporated to dryness and then redissolved in purified water to obtain the supernatant.

The betaine concentration in the present invention is 0.1 to 100 g / m ² , preferably 1 to 10 g, as an application concentration.
/ M ² (equivalent to betaine in the case of a crude extract). However, it may be appropriately changed depending on the type of plant, environment, application time, and the like.

Betaine is known as a compatible solute of plants along with various sugars and proline amino acids, and the concentration of betaine as this compatible solute is closely related to the low-temperature tolerance of plants. Is considered to be involved in In particular, since betaine cannot be accumulated in a gramineous plant, it is considered that the application of betaine from the outside according to the present invention is more effective. In addition, it is known that when the temperature falls in the fall, grasses accumulate carbohydrates and sugars in the cells and increase osmotic pressure, suppress cell dehydration and freezing, and increase cold tolerance. It is thought that the sprayed betaine has the effect of further promoting the function of increasing the low-temperature tolerance as a compatible solute of grasses, and as a result, it suppresses wilt and maintains greenness.

Betaine is an active ingredient of the present invention even when used alone. However, if this betaine is mixed with potassium or nitrogen which increases the amount of effective carbohydrates and improves cold resistance of plants,
The greenness maintaining effect can be further improved. Also,
Mixing betaine with magnesium, iron, manganese, and the like involved in the synthesis of chlorophyll can exert a further effect of retaining greenness, such as increasing the greenness of turf.

In particular, those containing betaine and iron as active ingredients not only exhibit a greenness-maintaining effect, but also can remarkably promote the recovery of greenness in early spring, so that the greenness at its peak in a very short time can be reduced. Can be recovered. Therefore, the present invention also provides a greenness recovery promoter containing betaine and iron as active ingredients. Here, betaine and the concentration of the greenness restoration promoter may be the same as those of the greenness retention agent. Iron is intended to include components containing iron or iron ions. or,
The mixing ratio of betaine to iron is 1000: 1 to 1: 1.
000 is preferable, and particularly preferably 10: 1 to 1:10.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned betaine or a mixture thereof can be used directly as it is, but generally, it is dissolved or dispersed in a suitable liquid carrier, or mixed with a suitable powder carrier or mixed therewith. If necessary, further emulsifier, dispersant,
Suspending agents, spreading agents, penetrants, wetting agents, stabilizers and the like can be added and used as preparations such as aqueous solutions, emulsions, oils, wettable powders, and powders. In addition, it can be used by dissolving it in a liquid fertilizer, or can be made into a slow-acting preparation by processing it into pellets or capsules.

Here, the liquid carrier used in the preparation includes water, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and ethylene glycol. Solvents such as aliphatic hydrocarbons such as kerosene and machine oil, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, and methyl naphthalene, and acid amides such as dimethylformamide. And one or more of these may be used in combination. As a powder carrier,
Mineral powders such as talc, kaolin, bentonite, zeolite, slaked lime, diatomaceous earth, acid clay, alumina, silica gel and the like can also be used, and one or more of these can be used in combination. As a surfactant used as a developing agent, an emulsifier, a penetrant, a solubilizing agent, a higher alcohol sulfate ester, a higher fatty acid ester, an alkylaryl sulfonic acid ester, an alkylene oxide surfactant and the like can be used. it can.

Next, betaine synthesis in a plant is promoted by introducing a betaine synthase gene,
A method for increasing the concentration of betaine in a plant will be described.

The betaine synthase gene includes betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (B) isolated from a plant.
ADH) is valid. As a method for introducing the betaine synthase gene, a method using a gene transfer vector such as Agrobacterium, a method using protoplast fusion, a method using electroporation, a microinjection method, a particle gun method, and the like are effective.

[0023]

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described. In Examples 1 and 2 below, glycine betaine aqueous solution (plant greenness preserving agent) was sprayed on different types of turfgrass fields, and the turfgrass greenness after spraying was observed. Also,
In Example 3, a glycine betaine aqueous solution was sprayed until spring to observe the greenness retention effect and greenness recovery effect. In Example 4, the effect of the glycine betaine aqueous solution was compared with the effect of ammonium sulfate, and further in Example 5, Glycine betaine, iron, and a mixture of glycine betaine and iron were sprayed to observe the effect of maintaining greenness and the effect of restoring greenness.

(Example 1) (Experiment for spraying glycine betaine on black mulberry) An aqueous solution of 10 g / l of glycine betaine was prepared, and 1 liter of this aqueous solution was sprayed on 1 m ² of a black mulberry field. The spraying was started before the discoloration of the rice shrimp started (late October), and was continued once a week for 10 weeks. In addition, a non-sprayed plot was separately provided as a control plot, and the greenness of both turfgrass was observed and evaluated as needed and compared.

The evaluation of greenness was performed by visual inspection of four examiners every two weeks. The evaluation criteria were as follows: greenness at the start of the experiment was 10 points, and greenness in a completely bleached state was 0 point. The results are shown in FIG. 1 as an average for all examiners.

As a result, in the non-dispersed plot, the color fading started from the beginning of November, and in the middle of December (around 6 weeks), almost no green color was observed. On the other hand, in the spray plot, the greenness hardly changed during November, and the greenness continued to be maintained even in the middle of December.

After the experiment was completed, the leaves in the sprayed section where the greenness was maintained were stained with FDA and observed under a fluorescent microscope. As a result, the same color development as healthy leaves of Culex trifolium growing in a greenhouse was observed. . This suggested that the retention of leaf greenness according to the results of this experiment was not so-called “blue wilt” (color development was not observed in dead leaves).

(Example 2) (Experiment of spraying glycine betaine on turmeric mulberry) An aqueous solution of 10 g / l of glycine betaine was prepared, and 1 liter of this aqueous solution was 1 m in the field of mulberry mulberry
Sprinkled on ² . Spraying started from the time when fading of the turtle was started (late October), and was continued once a week for 10 weeks. In addition, a non-sprayed plot was separately provided as a control plot, and the greenness of both turfgrass was observed and evaluated as needed and compared. The evaluation of greenness was performed in the same manner as in the case of rice bran, and the results are shown in FIG.

As a result, in the non-dispersed plots, the fading of the turtle began to occur in mid-October, and almost no portion maintaining the greenness was observed in mid-December. On the other hand, in the spraying plot, the greenness continued to be maintained to some extent even in the middle of November, and the greenness remained in the middle of December.

(Example 3) (Experiment of spraying glycine betaine on blackgrass) An aqueous solution of 10 g / liter of glycinebetaine was prepared, and this aqueous solution was sprayed at 1 liter per 1 m ² of the black seagrass field (spray area). The spraying was started before the discoloration of the rice shrimp started (late September), and continued once a week until early spring (early May). In addition, a non-dispersed plot was separately provided as a control plot. In this way, a spraying section and a non-spraying section were provided three times, each having 1 m ² .

Then, the greenness of the turfgrass in the sprayed area and the non-sprayed area was observed once every two weeks, and the results are shown in FIG. The evaluation of greenness at this time was performed by visual inspection of three examiners,
1 point for completely faded state, 9 points for climax greenness, and 1 point to 9 points are divided into 17 levels of 0.5 points, and the average value of 3 examiners in 3 repetition sections The greenness of the test plot was evaluated, and the results are shown in FIG.

As a result, the non-dispersed plot completely faded from mid-January to mid-March, but the scatter plot maintained the greenness until early spring, and the lowest greenness was about mid-December in the non-scattered plot. Degree. In particular, the greenness in December and January was much different from that in the non-scattered plot, and in mid-December it was about 3 points. Also, in the recovery of greenness, it was 2 in the scattered plot.
In the middle of the month, the trend of recovery began to be seen, the recovery started earlier than one month compared to the non-dispersed area, and the recovery speed was remarkably faster than that of the non-dispersed area. This is thought to be due to the fact that it does not completely fade in the severe winter season (above-ground parts survive at a considerable rate).

Example 4 (Comparison with the Effect of Ammonium Sulfate on Maintaining Greenness) An aqueous solution of 10 g / liter of glycine betaine was prepared, and this aqueous solution was sprayed at 1 liter per 1 m ^{2 of the} field of Kouraishiba (betaine spray area). Spraying commenced before the onset of fauna (Late September) and continued throughout the study with a frequency of spraying once a week. In addition, a comparative plot and a control plot were separately provided. In the control plot, ammonium sulfate widely used as a nitrogen fertilizer was prepared so that the amount of nitrogen sprayed was equal to that of betaine spray plot (1 g of ammonium sulfate was glycine betaine. About half of glycine betaine, that is, 5 g /
Liter / m ² . ) And this ammonium sulfate solution was sprayed in the same manner as in the betaine spraying zone (ammonium sulfate spraying zone). The control group was not sprayed. In this way, a betaine spraying section, an ammonium sulfate spraying section, and a non-spraying section were provided three times, each having 1 m ² , and the greenness of each turfgrass was observed once every two weeks. The results are shown in FIG. In addition,
Evaluation of greenness was performed in the same manner as in Example 3.

As a result, it was confirmed that the effect of maintaining the greenness of betaine was clearly higher than that of ammonium sulfate containing the same amount of nitrogen. Ammonium sulfate is widely used as a nitrogen fertilizer, but is also known to have an effect of increasing greenness. However, the effect of suppressing fading in winter was much higher with betaine, and a difference of almost two points was observed between ammonium sulfate and betaine especially in December and around December.

[0035] (Example 5) (Comparison with green degree maintaining effect of iron, and effect of a mixture of iron) aqueous solution of glycine betaine 10 g / l were prepared, Zoysia tenuifolia field 1 m ² per liter spraying the aqueous solution (Betaine spray area). The spraying starts before the fading of Kouraishiba begins (late September),
Weekly spraying continued throughout the study. Glycine betaine and iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO _4.
7H ₂ O) to prepare an aqueous solution of (10 g of glycine betaine + 10 g of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate) / liter, and the aqueous solution was sprayed in the same manner as the above betaine spraying zone (betaine + iron agent spraying zone). .

Further, a comparison section and a control section are separately provided,
In the comparative group, an aqueous solution of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate was sprayed at 10 g / liter in the same manner as in the betaine spraying zone (iron agent spraying zone). The control group was not sprayed. In this way, the betaine spraying zone, the betaine + iron spraying zone, the iron spraying zone and the non-spraying zone were each provided 3 times by 1 m ² each, and the greenness of each grass was observed once every two weeks. The method for evaluating greenness was the same as in Example 3 above, and the results are shown in FIG.

As a result, in terms of the effect of maintaining greenness, the betaine sprayed section exhibited the most excellent effect. The betaine + iron spray application showed the next highest effect, and the iron only spray application was the least effective. On the other hand, in terms of the effect of restoring greenness in the early spring, betaine + iron spray application showed the most excellent effect, and from mid-March to almost half a month, it recovered from near-fading greenness to the most mature greenness. In the late March, the fertilizer application showed an effect of restoring greenness higher than that of betaine, but the effect of betaine + iron application was more excellent. This is a synergistic effect of betaine's anti-fading effect in winter (surviving the aerial part and maintaining greenness and hastening the recovery in early spring) and the iron agent's effect of increasing greenness. It is believed to be the result.

[0038]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION By applying the plant greenness-preserving agent of the present invention containing betaine as an active ingredient before the beginning of fading of a plant or at the beginning of fading, it is possible to suppress the fading of a plant and, in the case of turfgrass, the death of the above-ground part. , The greenness retention period can be extended. Especially in the severe winter season (mid-November to mid-March), especially 12
Because it is extremely effective for maintaining greenness from the beginning of the month to the middle of January,
For example, it is extremely effective to apply the present invention to a golf tournament, soccer, rugby, or the like performed at this time. Further, one of the effects of the present invention is that the recovery time in early spring can be advanced by suppressing the withering of the above-ground part. In addition, betaine as an active ingredient does not pose a problem of environmental pollution.

A greenness recovery accelerator containing a mixture of betaine and an iron component as an active ingredient can remarkably increase the speed of greenness recovery in early spring. It can be restored to the greenness of the latest stage.

The plant greenness-preserving agent of the present invention is not particularly limited to plants to which it is applied, but is particularly effective for perennial grasses which fade in winter, especially for grass.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing a change in greenness when a plant greenness-preserving agent of the present invention is sprayed on blackgrass.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing a change in greenness when the plant greenness-preserving agent of the present invention is sprayed on Japanese turmeric.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a change in greenness when the plant greenness-maintaining agent of the present invention is sprayed on blackgrass until spring.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing a change in greenness when the plant greenness-preserving agent and ammonium sulfate of the present invention are sprayed on black rice.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in greenness when a plant greenness-maintaining agent, a greenness recovery promoter, and an iron agent of the present invention are sprayed on blackgrass.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Masahiko Arai 21 Goddess of Sagara-cho, Haibara-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture Inside Ito Garden Co., Ltd. Inventor Esumi Masumi 800 Nishi-Nasuno-Senbonmatsu, Nasu-gun, Tochigi Pref.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method for maintaining greenness of a plant, comprising increasing the concentration of betaine in the plant. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is a gramineous plant. 3. A plant greenness preserving agent comprising betaine as an active ingredient. 4. General formula (In the formula, R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms) A plant greenness-maintaining agent comprising betaine as an active ingredient. 5. A plant greenness-maintaining agent comprising glycine betaine as an active ingredient. 6. A plant greenness recovery promoter comprising betaine and iron as active ingredients.