RU2787505C1 - Method for strengthening the surface of degraded soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for strengthening the surface of a degraded soil includes preparing a substrate by mixing components with predetermined sizes and in a predetermined amount and applying a substrate layer to the surface. The substrate contains crushed diatomite with a grinding size of 1 to 10 mm, crushed peat with a grinding size of 1 to 20 mm, and crushed lichen thallus with a grinding size of 5 to 20 mm. Substrate components are mixed at the following ratio, wt.% (volume percent by dry weight): crushed diatomite - from 5 to 20%, crushed peat - from 60 to 90%, crushed lichen thallus from 5 to 20%. A layer of the substrate is applied to the surface of degraded soil with a thickness of at least 5 cm, after which the substrate layer is rolled with hand or tractor lawn rollers.

EFFECT: method for strengthening the surface of degraded soil makes it possible to prevent further development of wind erosion of the soil.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of geomorphology and can be used to strengthen the surface of degraded soil due to the destruction of the soil-vegetative horizon and prevent wind erosion in the Arctic.

Known The method of reclamation of devastated lands in the conditions of the Arctic and Subarctic includes the formation of vegetation and soil cover by applying a substrate to bare soil (RF patent No. 2321979, A01B 79/02, publ. 20.04.08)

The disadvantages of the above method is that this method does not ensure the strengthening of the surface of degraded soil, for example, a sandy surface, with the prevention of further development of wind erosion, since it is technologically impossible to fix phytomass with pegs and pins in areas with strong wind erosion without additional compaction or the use of reinforcing agents. effective due to high wind speeds.

Known A method for strengthening the walls of a karst funnel using fungal spores, which consists in preparing the substrate by mixing components with given sizes and in a given quantity, and applying a layer of substrate to the surface (RF patent No. 2732874, E02D 3/12, publ. 24.09.20, prototype).

The disadvantages of the above method is that the known method does not provide soil strengthening in the form of loose sandy surfaces, including from wind erosion.

The proposed technical solution eliminates the above disadvantages and provides for the strengthening of the surface of degraded soil,

for example, a sandy surface, preventing further development of wind erosion, and also allows the restoration of the lichen cover of degraded soil to renew the feeding potential for domestic reindeer on disturbed lands.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the way to strengthen the surface of degraded soil is that prepare the substrate by mixing components with specified sizes and in a specified amount and applying a substrate layer to the surface, while the substrate contains crushed diatomite with a grinding size of 1 mm to 10 mm, crushed peat with a grinding size of 1 mm to 20 mm and crushed thallus lichen with a grinding size of 5 mm to 20 mm, while the components of the substrate are mixed in the following ratio, wt. % (volume percentages based on dry weight):

crushed diatomite - from 5 to 20%,

crushed peat - from 60 to 90%,

crushed lichen thallus from 5 to 20%, and

a layer of substrate is applied to the surface degraded soil with a thickness of at least 5 cm, after which the substrate layer is rolled with hand or tractor lawn rollers.

Method for strengthening the surface of degraded soil carried out as follows.

The preparation of the substrate is carried out by mixing the components with the given sizes and in the given quantity.

The following are used as substrate components:

crushed diatomaceous earth with a grinding size of 1 mm to 10 mm;

crushed peat with a size of grinding from 1 mm to 20 mm;

crushed by lichen thallus with a size of grinding from 5 mm to 20 mm.

The components of the substrate are mixed by known means and methods in the following ratio, wt. % (volume percentages based on dry weight):

crushed diatomite - from 5 to 20%,

crushed peat - from 60 to 90%,

crushed by lichen thallus from 5 to 20%.

On an open surface, for example, a sandy surface, apply one layer of the substrate with a thickness of at least 5 cm.

After applying a substrate layer of a given thickness, rolling is carried out with hand or tractor lawn rollers, for example, a 50 l lawn hand roller, Moscow.

In the case of using a substrate mixture in a smaller value of each component, namely,

crushed diatomaceous earth less than 5%,

crushed peat less than 60%,

crushed lichen thalli less than 5%,

the claimed technical result will not be achieved, since this amount will not be enough to strengthen the surface of degraded soil, and will also not allow reindeer pastures to be restored by creating an initial sustainable lichen cover.

In the case of using a substrate in a mixture in a larger value of each component, namely,

crushed diatomite more than 20%,

crushed peat more than 90%,

crushed lichen thalli more than 20%,

the claimed technical result will not be achieved at the above values, since this number of components will either lead to significant soil compaction and increase hydrophobicity, or to loosening and blowing under conditions of significant wind loads.

Also, with a smaller size of grinding of each component in the substrate, namely,

crushed diatomaceous earth with a grinding size of less than 1 mm;

crushed peat with a size of grinding less than 1 mm;

crushed by lichen thallus with a grinding size of less than 5 mm, the claimed technical result will not be achieved, since the structure of the mulching substrate will be dusty, which will adversely affect the preservation of moisture and fertility conditions due to the blowing of the mixture components from the surface.

With a larger grinding size of each component in the substrate, namely,

crushed diatomaceous earth (reinforcing agent) with a grinding size of more than 10 mm;

crushed peat with a grinding size of more than 20 mm;

crushed by lichen thallus with a crushing size of more than 20 mm,

the declared technical result will not be achieved, since the structure of the mulching substrate will be lumpy - the impossibility of achieving a homogeneous mixture, which will adversely affect the preservation of humidity conditions due to a sharp increase in the evaporation of moisture from the mixture and drying of the mulch layer.

Crushed peat is crushed particles, granules, crumbs of top and / or bottom peat of specified grinding sizes and natural moisture content.

Crushed diatomaceous earth is crushed particles, granules, crumbs of diatomaceous earth of given grinding sizes and natural moisture content.

Crushed lichen thallus is crushed particles, granules, crumbs of specified grinding sizes and natural moisture content.

The method of strengthening the surface of degraded soil provides effective strengthening with a mixture of crushed peat and crushed lichen thalli in areas with strong wind erosion using a reinforcing agent - crushed diatomite, at a given ratio, applied to the surface degraded soil of a given thickness and rolled by hand or tractor lawn rollers.

In addition, the use of lichens in the form of crushed lichen thalli makes it possible to restore the original plant communities, consisting mainly of lichens, which will lead to an increase in pasture areas for domestic reindeer, whose diet is based on lichens.

Also, crushed peat is used in a mixture as a mulching component of the substrate, which improves the agrochemical properties of the soil, ensures the stability of restored plant communities, and prevents wind and water erosion;

crushed diatomaceous earth is used in a mixture as a reinforcing agent - a component of a substrate that fixes peat mulch, creating structured soils, providing soil moisture and air conditions favorable for plant communities;

lichen crushed by thallus is used in a mixture as the main component of regenerated plant communities, which

allows to prevent degradation of the soil cover from wind and water erosion, ensuring the safety of sites from further destruction.

The inventive method provides for the strengthening of the surface of degraded soil, including the sandy surface, with the prevention of further development of wind erosion, and also ensures the restoration of degraded soils, such as deer pastures, completely restoring the lichen cover and renewing the food potential for domestic reindeer on disturbed lands, providing protection against wind and water erosion.

Example.

In the area of the tundra-Arctic with an open surface, where there was no vegetation, work was carried out to strengthen the surface of degraded soil with further restoration of the lichen cover.

In the spring, after the snow cover melted and at a positive air temperature on the experimental site, work was carried out to strengthen the surface of the open area of the tundra - the Arctic.

For this, the substrate was prepared by mixing the components, previously crushed:

diatomite to a grinding size of 6 mm to 10 mm, peat to a grinding size of 10 mm to 20 mm and lichen thallus to a grinding size of 15 mm to 20 mm.

The substrate components were mixed in a 200 l plastic container in the form of a plastic barrel using a hand mixer in the form of a bayonet spade at the following ratio, wt. % (volume percentages based on dry weight):

crushed diatomite with a density in the range of 400 kg / m ³ - 20% - 20 kg,

crushed peat with a density in the range of 150 kg / m ³ - 60% - 156 kg,

crushed dry lichen thallus with a density in the range of 30 kg / m ³ - 20% - 31 kg.

The prepared substrate was applied to the open surface of a sandy area in the forest-tundra with a layer of thickness within 10 cm, taking into account its rolling. After applying a layer of substrate to the surface In the open area of the tundra - the Arctic, the substrate layer was rolled with lawn hand rollers. The substrate layer was rolled up to a layer thickness of 10 cm.

The next year after the experiment was started in the tundra-Arctic area without vegetation, the sandy surface was strengthened with the prevention of further development of wind erosion, the formation of new lichen microthalli was canceled, which indicates the beginning of the restoration of the natural original plant community, characteristic of natural reindeer pastures.

The proposed method makes it possible to ensure the strengthening of the surface of degraded soil, including the sandy surface, with the prevention of further development of wind erosion,

and restoration of degraded reindeer pastures with full restoration of lichen cover to restore feeding potential for domesticated reindeer on disturbed lands, providing protection from wind and water erosion.

Claims (5)

A method for strengthening the surface of a degraded soil, which includes preparing a substrate by mixing components with specified sizes and in a specified amount and applying a substrate layer to the surface, characterized in that the substrate contains crushed diatomite with a grinding size of 1 to 10 mm, crushed peat with a grinding size of 1 up to 20 mm and crushed by lichen thallus with a grinding size of 5 to 20 mm, the substrate components are mixed in the following ratio, wt. % (volume percentages based on dry weight): crushed diatomite - from 5 to 20%, crushed peat - from 60 to 90%, crushed by lichen thallus from 5 to 20%, a substrate layer is applied to the surface of degraded soil with a thickness of at least 5 cm, after which the substrate layer is rolled with hand or tractor lawn rollers.