RU2101901C1 - Land recultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, restoration of lands with disturbed plant and soil cover in Subarctic and Arctic regions. SUBSTANCE: method involves harrowing; forming soil layer by applying compound grass seed mixture into bare ground, with grass seed mixture being composed of three groups of plants or substitutes. When substitutes are used, minimum weight of seeds in each group is calculated by formula: m = ga/2/b, where m is minimum seed weight of real grass mixture group; a is number of kinds of grasses in the group of designed grass mixture; g is specific weight of seeds of specific kind in group of designed grass mixture; b is number of kinds of grasses in real designed grass mixture. Specific weight of predetermined kinds of grass seed mixture in each group is constant value: 7 is the value for first group; 4 is the value for second group; 0.2 is the value for third group. Total weight of grass mixture in each group is invariable value equal to 84 kg/hectare for first group; 32 kg/hectare for second group; 2 kg/hectare for third group. Number of kinds of grasses in each group is variable but not exceeding 50% toward minimizing. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified method and improved quality of soil.

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to restore vegetation and soil cover on destroyed lands in the conditions of the Subarctic and the Arctic.

 A known method of restoring completely destroyed natural plant communities (ed. St. USSR N 1217284, class A 01 B 79/02), including the reception of dense and ultra-rare planting of turf and leaving strips for self-growth, while in the center of the plot have a strip width of 10 12 m thick sod planting, on both sides of which self-growth strips 30-35 m wide and ultra-rare sod planting strips 10-12 m wide are sequentially arranged.

 The disadvantage of this method is that it is practically not feasible and economically disadvantageous for use in the Subarctic and Arctic, where there are almost no plants that create sodding.

 A known method of reclamation of waste dumps and sides of quarries (ed. St. USSR N 1041052, class A 01 B 79/02, 1983), including laying the rocks in the dump, coating with a layer of soil and sowing grass, while before applying soil soil dumps and the sides are covered with a layer of dolomite-limestone waste fractions of 0-5 mm with a thickness of 15-30 cm, then a layer of soil soil is applied with a thickness of 3-5 cm, again covered with a layer of dolomite-limestone wastes with a thickness of 3-5 cm, grasses are sown, followed by coating of grass seeds a layer of dolomite-calcareous waste 0.5-1 cm thick and per d initial growth of grasses produce 3-5 one-time watering with a solution of complete fertilizer.

 The known method is applicable only for the restoration of small plots of land in the southern territories. Reclamation of large land spaces in the conditions of the Subarctic and the Arctic requires large material and labor costs, associated primarily with the transportation of soil. Which is practically impossible. In addition, the use of sufficiently large doses of mineral fertilizers adversely affects the ecology of the environment and also leads to high material costs.

 The task to which the invention is directed is to develop a cost-effective, environmentally friendly and practically feasible method of reclamation of destroyed lands in the conditions of the Subarctic and the Arctic.

 The technical result of the invention is the restoration of vegetation and soil cover on destroyed lands in the conditions of the Subarctic and the Arctic with minimal material and labor costs and the prevention of environmental pollution by eliminating the use of high doses of chemicals.

In the land reclamation method, including the formation of the soil layer according to the invention, the soil layer is formed by adding to the bare soil, after preliminary harrowing, a complex mixtures of plant species of oligotrophic nature with a wide ecological range, using a mixtures consisting of three groups of main plant species or substituting and containing them:
main plant species replacing plant species
first group
Field cabbage Mary gray
Cabbage rape Mary multi-seeded
Cross Arctic arbor Sowing
Spreading quinoa Sowing mustard
White Mary Yakut Field
Cirrus pyrethrum Common colza
Sievers Sverbig eastern wormwood
Wormwood Telezia Chamomile odorless
Motherwort five-lobed Molokan Siberian
Hucker Chamomile Common Wormwood
The shepherd’s purse
Phacelia tansy
second group
Giant Fescue Beckman
Siberian Scarlet Frogtail meadow
Bluegrass Swamp Beckman East
Foxtail reed boneless Rump
Red fescue
Chilled intoxicating meadowgrass meadow
Giant polevole Timofeevka meadow
Creeping wheatgrass
third group
Arctophilus ginger Foxtail alpine
Reed Lapland Holman Reed
Veinik terrestrial Veinik Langsdorfa
Meadow of the Ob
Bluegrass Arctic Meadow Alpine
Sand fescue Medium
Polevitsa northern Fluffy Russian
Shepherd dog
Mannik folded meadow North
Fluffy vaginalis Bluegrass Alpine
while replacing the minimum mass of seeds of the species in groups is determined by the formula:
mga / 2 / b,
where m is the minimum mass of seeds of the species in the group of real grass mixtures;
a the number of species in the group of estimated grass mixtures;
g is the specific weight of the seeds of the species in the group of calculated grass mixtures;
b the number of species in the group of real grass mixtures;
the specific gravity of the seeds of the mixture type in each group is constant and is: in the 1st 7; in the 2nd 4; in the third 0.2; the total mass of grass mixtures in each group is unchanged, equal: for group 1 84 kg / ha; for 2 - 32 kg / ha; for 3 2 kg / ha, and the number of species in each group is variable, but no more than 50% downward.

 The ecological range of the proposed grass mixture covers the whole diversity of ecotopes (except for aquatic ones) due to the diversity resource and the quantitative ratio of the mass of seeds of species in each group. Hence the obligatory determination of the value of "m" for each group in a real mixture in the absence of any main species and their replacement.

Example. On June 29, 1992, on bare soils of developed quarry No. 11 of the Yamburg gas condensate field of the Tyumen region, after harrowing, the seeds of a complex grass mixture were sown. Because for sowing, during the preparation of the mixture, there were no seeds of some of the main species, they were replaced by replacement species. In this regard, the minimum seed weight of the species in each group was determined by the formula:
mga / 2 / b,
where m is the minimum mass of seeds of the species in the group of real grass mixtures;
a the number of species in the group of estimated grass mixtures;
g is the specific weight of the seeds of the species in the group of calculated grass mixtures;
b the number of species in the group of real grass mixtures;
m ₁ 7 • 12: 2: 2 3.5 kg / ha;
m ₂ 4 • 8: 2: 6 4.33 kg / ha;
m ₃ 0.2 • 10: 2: 7 0.142 kg / ha.

 Based on the fact that the total mass of the real grass mixture in the first group is 84 kg / ha, and the minimum weight of the seeds of the species in the real grass mixture is 3.5 kg / ha, the grass mixture of the first group includes: Field cabbage 7 kg / ha; Hooker Chamomile 7 kg / ha; Phaselia tansy 7 kg / ha; Sievers Wormwood 8.4 kg / ha; Spreading quinoa 8.4 kg / ha; Wormwood Telezia 7 kg / ha; Shepherd's purse 7 kg / ha.

 Since there were no seeds of rapeseed cabbage, Arctic crosses, Cirrus pyrethrum, Five-winged Motherwort and White Mary they were replaced by: Odorless chamomile 3.5 kg / ha; Yakutia field 8.4 kg / ha; An ordinary colza - 3.5 kg / ha; Common wormwood 8.4 kg / ha; Siberian molokan 8.4 kg / ha.

 The total weight of the mixture in the second group is 32 kg, and the minimum weight of the seeds is 4.33 kg / ha. The grass mixtures of the second group included: Boneless boneless rump - 4.33 kg / ha; Swamp bluegrass 6 kg / ha; Giant polevole 6 kg / ha; Reed foxtail 5.34 kg / ha; Red fescue 6 kg / ha; Giant fescue - 4.33 kg / ha.

 Since there were no seeds of common Beckmania, the Volosnets of Siberia, the tame intoxicating, wheat grass creeping, they were replaced by Boneless boneless, Sheep fescue.

 The total weight of the grass mixture in the third group is 2 kg / ha, and the minimum seed weight of the species is 0.142 kg / ha. The grass mixture of the third group included Arctic bluegrass -0.500 kg / ha; Lapland Veinik 0.400 kg / ha; Holm reed - 0.200 kg / ha; Meadow Ob 0.300 kg / ha; Northern polevole 0.150 kg / ha; Mannik folded 0.300 kg / ha; Arctophilus ginger 0.150 kg / ha.

 Since the seeds of some plant species of the main group were absent, they replaced them by introducing Veinik Holma into the herbal mixture.

In mid-August, red fescue with a projective cover was present 20% Cabbage field 7% Phacelia tansy leaves 5% Quinoa spreading 4% Common colza 4% Hooker chamomile 3% Odorless chamomile 2% Boneless boneless -2% Shepherd's purse 1% Bluegrass marsh 1% Sheep fescue less than 1% Wormwood Telezia less than 1% Severs wormwood less than 1%
On September 5, shoots of the Foxtail reed, Vejnik Lapland, Vejnik Holm, Arctic bluegrass appeared.

 The growing season of 1992 ended with the formation of a grass stand with a projective cover of 56%, where the species that make up the first group of grass mixtures prevailed.

 A year later (July 1993), the quantitative ratio of species changed in favor of species of the second group. The proportion of species of the third group increased.

In August 1993, the following prevailed in the herbage: Reed foxtail with projective cover 60% Red fescue 15% Hooker chamomile 10% Odorless chamomile 1%
Other species were present in small numbers in the herbage. Species of the third group were in the second tier in a vegetative state.

 In 1994, the herbage was compacted due to the development of species of the third group of plants. The total projective cover was 100%. A crop was formed in the amount of 54 centners per hectare of mass in an air-dry state. The maximum height of the grass stand was 115 cm, the average 74 cm.

 Species of the third group were still in a vegetative state and were located in the lower tier.

 In 1994, no species of plants were found in the herbage that were present in 1993. Tansia tansy, Siners wormwood, Field cabbage, Common sturgeon, Shepherd's purse.

 In the process of developing plant mixtures of grass mixtures according to the proposed method, a soil cover with a thickness of 18 cm was formed.

 The use of the invention in comparison with the prototype allows one grass mixture to restore the destroyed vegetative and soil cover on all types of terrestrial ecotopes of the Subarctic and the Arctic. Universal herb mixture eliminates the use of peat and high doses of mineral fertilizers. Due to this, material and labor costs for land restoration are reduced, thereby achieving economic efficiency, environmental cleanliness and preservation of natural resources.

Claims (1)

A method of land reclamation, including the formation of a soil layer, characterized in that the soil layer is formed by introducing a complex grass mixture of plant species of oligotrophic nature with a wide ecological range into bare soil after preliminary harrowing, using a grass mixture of three groups of main plant species or replacing some of them, at the same time, in the first group they use field cabbage, rapeseed cabbage, Arctic cross, spreading quinoa, white gauze, cirrus pyrethrum, Sievers wormwood, Telezia wormwood, pus five-bladed tyrnyk, Hooker’s chamomile, shepherd’s purse, tansy tansy or bluegrass, bluegrass, seeded saffron milk, mustard, field yakut, common wild cabbage, oriental overgrowth, odorless chamomile, common gingerbread, Siberian gingerbread, Siberian gingerbread, Siberian gingerbread, the group uses beckmania vulgaris, Siberian bollock, bluegrass marsh, reed foxtail, red fescue, intoxicating chaff, giant field moth, creeping wheatgrass or giant fescue, meadow foxtail, beck eastern mania, beetroot boneless, creeping bluegrass, meadow bluegrass, meadow timothy grass, reed bifurcate, in the third group they use red-footed arctophilus, Lapland redweed, ground reed grass, Ob meadow, Arctic bluegrass, northern fawn fennel, northern winter fennel, field grassland, vaginal or alpine foxtail, Holm reed, Langsdorf reed, meadow turf, alpine meadow, middle cotton grass, Russian cotton grass, sheikhdery cotton grass, northern meadow, Alpine bluegrass, while replacing the minimum mass of seeds form in groups is determined by the formula
mg • a / 2 / b,
where m is the minimum mass of species seeds in the group;
and the number of species in the group of estimated grass mixtures;
g the specific weight of the seeds of the species in the group of plants mixtures;
b the number of species in the group of real mixtures,
the specific gravity of the seeds of the mixture type in each group is constant and is: in the first 7, in the second 4, in the third 0.2, the total weight of the mixture in each group is unchanged, equal to 84 kg / ha for the first group, 32 kg / for the second ha, for the third 2 kg / ha, and the number of species in each group is variable, but no more than 50% downward.