KR101652745B1 - Soil improvement material and preparing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing montmorillonite, Adding a solvent to the micronized montmorillonite to prepare a slurry; And spraying the slurry onto a plant carrier to support the slurry.
Therefore, there is an effect that the montmorillonite can be safely and uniformly injected into a cultivated land which is not suitable for cultivated land or a crop failure of the cultivated land which is not suitable for cultivation, and new cultivation is enabled by spraying the finely-ground montmorillonite on the vegetable carrier. As vegetable carrier, it is possible to use waste such as food residue coffee roast residue, dry rice straw, straw, chaff, etc., so that it is possible to easily obtain the plant carrier and to provide the soil modifier at low price. .

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soil improvement material,

 Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a soil modifying material and a soil modifying material, and more particularly to a soil modifying material and a soil modifying material for greatly improving the soil environment such as cultivated land, And a method for producing the same.

The land-based disability in Japan's agricultural land, especially in field farming soil, has grown, and farmers abandoned cultivation in the country are expanding because farmers can not raise the expected harvest. Even in the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, there is a decrease in over 50,000 hectares of arable land every year. These factors are various but the abandoned cultivation land is increasing because the expected yields are not obtained compared with the released capital.

In addition, it is very difficult to regenerate desert or land defects, which are the best of the soil, and many scientists and non profit organizations have repeatedly challenged the world. Despite the enormous cost involved, there are almost no examples of success. There are many reasons for this, but there are unreasonable methods of recording such as planting without taking measures to increase the water holding capacity or bibbing power while keeping the effect of the land, namely clay minerals, which is the main cause of desertification,

On the other hand, attempts have been made to record the desert using a polymer such as a diaper absorber. However, due to the risk of environmental pollution and absorption of water by the absorbed polymer, the plants are not able to use the plants because they have no property to use them. From this background, it is almost impossible to record the desert in the present day.

On the other hand, desertification can be seen even in an environment where artificial forces such as soil, cultivation, and pasture, where desertification does not proceed, are applied. Today, cultivating land (field farming) in the world is dominated by irrigation agriculture (drip irrigation, center pivot) using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The desertification of the soil is due to the action of water, and the dissolution of the water causes the formation of clay minerals (silicon, aluminum, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and other metal ions in the soil) And the plants themselves are also responsible for the selective absorption of these elements. Chemical fertilizers, which are mainly used in agriculture in modern times, are particularly effective in dissolving clay minerals at the rate that the clay minerals dissolve by the action of the natural system by spraying a large amount of highly acidic substances together with water for irrigation on the cultivated land, Only a stable form of silicon remains, which is the desertification of the soil. In addition, the chemical fertilizer is composed of many bases, so direct saltation is a factor of the tillage.

On the other hand, farmland farming such as wheat, corn, and soybeans is carried out every year in the cereal zone of the world such as Ukraine. The reason for this is that the clay mineral forming the soil of these clays is clay based on montmorillonite (commonly known as bentonite). Montmorillonite is known to have a permanent charge and has a high value of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), which is the standard of bovine resistance. Like allophane, it does not change phosphorus to aluminum phosphate, which adsorbs phosphorus so that it is not absorbed by plants.

 Japan's cropland is an acidic soil formed by clay minerals derived from amorphous ash, which is close to 70% Alfaffin. For this reason, when farming is carried out, it is necessary to neutralize such a large amount of lime.

Until now, it is known that soil improvement is nothing more than the use of soil of new mountains or the use of large amounts of humus for many years. However, if the montmorillonite clay mineral described above is safely applied to the soil environment, it becomes possible for anyone to obtain a fertile soil environment simply. In addition, the soil of the above-mentioned technique is effective not only in the soil which is allophane but also in the superfine soil having no water holding capacity or bending strength, for example, sand.

 Here, techniques for applying montmorillonite to soil improvement are disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4. Patent Document 1 proposes a soil metering agent composed of montmorillonite-based clay minerals produced in the state of Nevada, USA, and is said to be particularly suitable for cultivating lawn grass. Patent Document 2 discloses a method in which an appropriate amount of a green algae extruded liquid and an activated green algae are added to a granular material mainly composed of a mixture of clay mixed with silica fine particles and an appropriate amount of zeolite powder such as heloseite and montmorillonite, A soil improvement promoter has been proposed in which the microbial ecosystem in the soil is normalized and the nutrient supply ability of the plant roots and the growth promoting ability of the roots are excellent. Patent Document 3 discloses a microbial soil improvement material comprising fungal cultures belonging to the genus Glycyrrhiza and a porous carrier, preferably zeolite, montmorillonite, and atropulgite, and is used for improving the soil disease control effect and growth promotion A microbial soil improving agent excellent in effect and a method of growing a plant seedling which makes it possible to efficiently cultivate a good seedling with a simple treatment.

However, commercially available clay minerals generally have a particle size of less than 2 microns (占 퐉). The handling of fine particles of 2 microns or less is not simple. In addition, montmorillonite has a dry strength, which is very hard when dried in a wet state, and is used mainly for preventing water leaks when used in agriculture. The montmorillonite has such a property that if it is not sprayed uniformly, a blocky mass is formed in the cultivated soil, so that it is impossible to grow the soil or the plant which is not suitable for cultivation (pH plant, etc.), and the soil is not improved.

1. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-339569 2. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-256761 3. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-20890 4. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-131061

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for safely and uniformly injecting montmorillonite into a cultivated land which is difficult to use due to unfavorable land and crop failure, And to provide a soil remediation agent and a method for producing the soil remediation agent.

In order to accomplish the above object, the present invention provides a method for producing montmorillonite, Adding a solvent to the micronized montmorillonite to prepare a slurry; And spraying the slurry onto a plant carrier to support the slurry.

The vegetable carrier may be at least one selected from the group consisting of peat moss, coconut pit, coffee roasting waste, dry rice straw, dry straw, and rice husk.

The finely divided montmorillonite may be supported on the vegetable carrier.

According to the method for producing a soil modifying material according to the present invention, montmorillonite can be safely and uniformly injected into a cultivated land which is not suitable for cultivating land, .

As the vegetable carrier, it is possible to use waste such as food residue coffee roast residue, dried rice straw, straw, chaff, etc., so that it is possible to easily obtain the plant carrier and to provide the soil modifier at low cost.

1 is a process flow diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing a soil modifying material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a graph showing moisture characteristics of soil according to an embodiment of the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a method for producing a soil modifying material and a soil modifying material according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, a method for producing the soil modifying material according to the present invention will be described.

Fig. 1 is a process diagram showing a manufacturing process of a soil modifying material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, plant fibers, plant remnants and food residues are prepared as plant carriers and montmorillonite is prepared (S100). Examples of plant fiber include peat moss and the like, and carbonized peat moss is particularly preferable because of its excellent water retention. Examples of the plant remnants include rice straw, straw, coconut fiber, rice husk, etc., which are dried. As food residue, for example, coffee roast residue can be used.

 The montmorillonite is a kind of smectite and forms a laminate structure in which thin plate crystals having a thickness of 1 nm are stacked. First, the montmorillonite is pulverized and finely milled (S200). Namely, the laminated structure of the montmorillonite, which is not generally used as a commercially available montmorillonite having a grain size of about 2 microns, is finely ground by, for example, a metal roll or a mortar. Therefore, the montmorillonite CEC value (CEC) (cation exchange capacity) can be further increased. Table 1 below shows data on changes in the montmorillonite CEC values after the pressurization treatment.

Roll Contact Pressure (kg / cm2) CEC (me / 100g) 0 98 ~ 101 50 130 ~ 131 100 150 500 155

Thereafter, a solvent is added to the micronized montmorillonite to prepare a slurry (S300). In order to obtain the slurry state, montmorillonite mixed with water is uniformly dispersed using a high-speed mixer such as a pulverizer (Hosokawa Micron), and then mixed with water. The mill is a mixer with a high-speed rotary knife. The viscosity of the slurry can be freely adjusted by controlling the amount of water, and the high-speed rotary knife is rotated at a high speed (1,000 to 3,000 rpm) to uniformly disperse and mix the montmorillonite in water.

Followed by plant fibers including peat moss carbonized with montmorillonite slurry uniformly dispersed and evenly dispersed in water, and plant residues including dried rice straw, straw, dried coconut fiber, rice husks, etc., and coffee residue (S400) by using a continuous mixer (Teruberizer, Hosokawa Micron) toward the surface or the inside of the vegetable carrier selected from the group consisting of at least one selected from the group consisting of: The continuous mixer is a continuous mixer having a plurality of variable paddles provided in a cylindrical container so as to be rotatable at high speed. The plant carrier and the slurry are sent to the variable paddles rotated at a high speed, A uniform layer of montmorillonite is formed, and at the same time, the strength of the dry state of montmorillonite, which is a plant inhibiting factor, can be suppressed to a low level. In addition, the variable paddles are rotated at a high speed of 20 m / s to 30 m / s and can be uniformly dispersed in a short time by the impact. As a result, it is possible to produce a soil modifying material which can be surely and easily put into the soil.

On the other hand, the CEC value of montmorillonite is known as permanent charge, which is the largest feature of montmorillonite. Since montmorillonite is charged irrespective of the environment of water or soil and always negatively charged, its ability to adsorb and store positive ions (trace metal ions) easily is not affected by water (rainfall or irrigation) It is stable and is preserved around clay minerals. In addition, the charged charge is dependent on the pH (hydrogen ion concentration) of soil or water. If the pH of the soil is not above 7 (neutral), negative ions will not come out. Therefore, the effect can not be expected unless a large amount of humic substances is kept in a large amount for many years.

The montmorillonite has two types of N-type and Ca-type, the N-type is an exchangeable ion and the Ca-type is an exchangeable ion. Although each of them is unique, both N-type and Ca-type can be used in the present invention.

In soil science, soil is represented by consistency. The firing index is a measure of the degree of descent of a soil, and generally refers to the form of external forces and the degree of resistance to the flow. The plasticity index depends on the magnitude of the water content. The larger the firing index, the greater the degree of plasticity. Montmorillonite has a plasticity index three times greater than other clay minerals. Clay minerals including montmorillonite swell when water is used, but since the plasticity index of montmorillonite is as large as that described above, it is superior in terms of water retention compared to other clay minerals. In the present invention, however, a vegetable carrier is used in order to further improve its water retention .

  There is also a moisture characteristic curve as one of the characteristics of the soil. Fig. 2 is a moisture characteristic curve diagram obtained by pressurizing and spraying normal soil and montmorillonite subjected to micronization by pressurization to peat moss in which progressive water retention is maximum in carbonization.

Referring to the figure, for example, 100 grams of soil indicates that a maximum of several cc of water can be maintained. In the figure, the abscissa indicates the combined ratio and the ordinate indicates the pF (= the degree of wetness of the soil). C is a mixture of common soils and press moss of fine mudstone by pressurizing and spraying montmorillonite with a pressure of 8: 2 , And D is a mixture of normal soil and phytomosphragmites obtained by pressurizing and spraying finely divided montmorillonite at a ratio of 9: 1. Where pF 2.7 to 3.2 is the initial forgery point.

Table 2 is a table showing the pF value of the soil modifier having montmorillonite carried on the vegetable carrier.

pF 0.0 pF 1.0 pF 1.5 pF 1.8 pF 2.0 pF 2.4 pF 3.0 pF 3.5 pF 3.9 Remarks soil 53.32 32.73 32.54 23.79 14.70 11.42 8.38 6.89 5.95 Soil: peatmoss fine grains + montmorillonite = 9: 1 75.01 74.35 70.30 64.80 54.67 32.69 23.66 19.24 15.76 Weight ratio Soil: peatmoss fine grain + montmorillonite = 8: 2 78.36 75.91 72.70 67.73 60.69 47.55 36.18 30.38 28.06 Weight ratio Soil: peatmoss fine grain + montmorillonite = 8: 2 89.10 86.66 84.79 81.83 73.23 53.85 41.58 34.08 28.06 Weight ratio Peatmoss fine grain 280.76 271.20 259.27 246.07 225.20 217.26 172.28 138.91 113.61 Peatmoss fine grain + montmorillonite 305.29 282.13 279.78 259.91 228.69 224.55 192.56 154.48 127.23

 According to Table 2, it is indicated that in the case of the soil in general, the water of 35.22 cc is retained at the pF of 0 (the maximum value of the remaining effective water remaining after the gravity water flows). In the case of a mixture (9: 1) of 10% by weight of peat moss sprayed with the sprayed montmorillonite in the above-mentioned soil, it was confirmed that the maximum moisture content was maintained at 75.01 cc at the pF of 0, The improvement of the water retention property was confirmed to be about 2 times as compared with that of the conventional waterproofing. In the case of pF 3.5, which is a permanent forgery point where plants are dying, the amount of soil improvement agent containing peat moss sprayed with montmorillonite is 6.9 cc for normal soil, It was confirmed that the amount of the abalone was abundant. Compared to the case of soil only, it is about double the amount of pF when it is 0, and when the pF is 3.5, it is about 3 times that of the soil. Also, when the mixing ratio is the same, a fine pF value can be obtained by using finer than the assembled peat moss.

 The soil modifier obtained in step S400 of spraying the slurry onto the plant carrier was carried to the soil to be improved and used in the soil (S500).

 In this case, as can be seen from Table 2, it can be seen that the degree of increase in the moisture holding value can be appropriately adjusted according to the blending ratio of the soil modifying material having the montmorillonite carried on the vegetable carrier for the soil. In this regard, the blending amount of the soil modifying agent may be appropriately changed according to the purpose.

 ≪ Example 1 >

Cultivation of abandoned cultivated land Soil modifying material mixed with 9: 1 mixture of pressed montmorillonite with pressurized fine grains and pressurized fine grained soil was compared with non-treated areas in the untreated area as much as the addition of organic fertilizer. The results are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, the top part is the weight of the leaf part, and the bottom part is the weight of the root part to be provided for food.

Processing unit number Above ground Underground Sum Mixing zone
(Soil improvement material: soil = 1: 9) + organic fertilizer One 322 1,050 1,372 2 340 1,140 1,480 3 328 1,080 1,408 Average 330 1,090 1,420 Standard Deviation 7.48 37.42 44.90 Non-processing station
(Soil + organic fertilizer) One 180 608 788 2 188 600 788 3 175 590 765 Average 181 599 180 Standard Deviation 5.35 7.36 10.84

Table 3 shows the growth of radishes in the abandoned farmland of Masumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan (Unit: g).

As shown in Table 3, in the mixing zone, the average of the total of the ground and underground portions is 1,420 g, whereas in the untreated areas, the total average of the ground and underground portions is 780 g. In other words, it was confirmed that the average weight in the mixed zone can be harvested about two times as much as the untreated zone.

 Next, a mixing zone of the soil modifying material mixed with 9: 1 mixture of pressurized sprayed montmorillonite finely processed by pressurizing the particulate matter in the soil of Okinawa, and a mixed zone of the soil modifying material mixed with only the soil of Okinawa (merged) I compared the fostering of the intellectual fescue. The results are shown in Table 4. And the top part of Table 4 is the weight of the leaf part on the ground and the bottom part is the weight of the root part. In addition, the breeding is done by a planter. In Table 4, the numbers 1, 2, and 3 indicate the respective plant numbers.

Processing unit number Above ground Underground Sum Mixing zone
(Soil improvement material: soil = 1: 9) One 0.75 0.20 0.95 2 0.93 0.21 1.14 3 0.79 0.17 0.96 Average 0.82 0.19 1.02 Standard Deviation 0.08 0.02 0.96 Non-processing station
(Soil) One 0.03 0.01 0.04 2 0.03 0.01 0.04 3 0.03 0.01 0.04 Average 0.03 0.01 0.04 Standard Deviation 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 4 shows the comparison of the growth of tall fescue plants in the soil (merged) of Okinawa, Japan (unit: g).

As shown in Table 4, in the mixed area, the average of the ground part was 0.82 g and the average of the ground part was 0.19 g.

Next, we compared the cultivation of Gomi flower with the mixture of the soil modifier mixed with the 9: 1 mixture of pressurized spray of finomosite granules and the finely sprayed montmorillonite in the sand of Shonan coast, . The results are shown in Table 5. In Table 5, the weight of the leaf part on the ground and the ground is the weight of the root part in the ground part. In addition, the breeding was performed for the area of 30 × 30 cm, and the numbers 1, 2, and 3 in Table 5 indicate the number of each area.

Processing unit number Above ground Underground Sum Mixing zone
(Soil modifier: sand = 1: 9) One 48 115 163 2 44 112 156 3 42 110 152 Average 45 112 157 Standard Deviation 2.5 2.1 4.5 Non-processing station
(sand) One 4 6 10 2 5 6 11 3 4 6 10 Average 4 6 10 Standard Deviation 0.5 0 0.5

 Table 5 compares the comparison of the growth of the Japanese mackerel flower in the sand of Shonan coast, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan (unit: g).

The characteristics of the soil modifying material and the soil modifying material according to the present invention will be described as follows.

First, it can be used safely because montmorillonite is processed and it can reduce the amount of use, so that the harmful effect of clay hardening can be minimized. Secondly, it is easy to judge the amount of incorporation into the soil by obtaining a moisture characteristic curve Third, it does not cover the soil that is subject to soil improvement. Conditions applicable to any soil are possible. Fourth, the manufacturing method is simple and can be manufactured by anyone, and fifth, the materials necessary for manufacturing are available at an easy and cheap price and have no economical load. Sixth, once the soil is put into the soil, there is no need to inject it every year, but the surface soil is lost a little every year due to wind or rainfall. In this case, it can be supplemented while watching the crops. Seventh, because it can be composed only of natural materials, environmental pollution and the like do not occur even in natural environment. Seventh, it is possible to cultivate only with organic fertilizer, so that the added value of the product increases. All organic cultivation, which was the area of only a handful of farmers in the past, has become possible for everyone. In addition, acidification of the soil can be greatly reduced.

While the invention has been described with reference to a limited number of embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, the true scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical idea of the appended claims.

Claims (4)

delete delete Pulverizing montmorillonite to make it finer; And
And carrying the micronized montmorillonite on the peat moss.
delete

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