JP6400338B2 - Method for producing soil improver and soil improver - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a soil improver and a soil improver, and in particular, significantly improves the soil environment such as land that is not suitable for cultivated land or cultivated land that has become unusable due to continuous cropping failure, and ensures new cultivation and harvesting. The present invention relates to a method for producing a soil improvement material and a soil improvement material.

  Today, cultivated land in Japan, especially upland field soil, has been increasing the number of obstacles caused by soil, and farming workers are unable to raise the crops they want. Judging from the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, more than 50,000 hectares of cultivated land are decreasing every year. This factor varies, but abandoned cultivated land is increasing due to the inability to obtain the desired yield for invested capital.

  In addition, it is extremely difficult to regenerate deserts and deserts, which are the extreme phases of soil, and many scientists and NPOs have repeatedly challenged around the world. There are almost no examples of success despite the enormous amount of money invested. There are various reasons for this, but the soil that is the main cause of desertification and desertification, that is, aggressive greening technology such as afforestation without taking measures to increase water retention power and fertilization capacity while maintaining the deterioration of clay minerals, etc. It is thought that there is. In the past, water-absorbing polymers (as a specific example, water-absorbing materials for disposable diapers) have been studied for desert greening. However, the water-absorbing polymer has a risk to the environment and does not give out water that has been absorbed (the plant cannot be used). Against this background, desert greening is considered almost impossible today.

  On the other hand, the progress of desertification can be seen even in an environment where human power is working, such as soil before desertification, cultivated land and pasture. The cultivated land (field farming) in the world today is irrigated agriculture (drip irrigation, center pivot) using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The desertification of the soil is due to the action of water, and the dissolving action of this water is a component of clay minerals in the soil (silicon, aluminum, calcium, sodium, iron, potassium, magnesium, and other 50-60 types). In addition to simultaneous dissolution of trace metal ions), the plant itself grows and selectively absorbs these elements. In modern agriculture, chemical fertilizers, especially highly acidic substances, are sprayed on cultivated land with irrigation water in large quantities. However, only stable silicon remains. This is soil desertification. In addition, because chemical fertilizers are composed of many bases, they also have a cultivation problem of salt accumulation.

  In addition, there are no continuous cropping obstacles in the world's granaries such as Ukraine, and field crops such as wheat, corn, and soybean are carried out every year. The reason is that the clay mineral forming these soils is a clay mainly composed of montmorillonite (commonly known as bentonite). Montmorillonite is known to have a permanent charge. It is also known to have a huge amount of negative ions. Moreover, the value of CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity) used as a standard of fertilizer retention is high. It is also a clay that does not cause phosphorus (P) to be specifically adsorbed like Allophane and change phosphorus to aluminum phosphate that is not absorbed by plants. In Japan, nearly 70% of the cultivated land is acidic soil made of amorphous volcanic ash-derived clay mineral called allophane. For this reason, when carrying out field cropping, it is necessary to neutralize with a large amount of lime input.

  To date, it is said that there is no soil improvement other than taking up new mountain soil or using large amounts of humus for many years. However, if the clay mineral montmorillonite described above is safely put into the soil environment, anyone can easily obtain a fertile soil environment. In addition, the target soil of this technique is not limited to allophane soil, but is also effective for, for example, extremely-phase soil that has no water retaining ability or fertilizing ability such as sand.

  Here, the technique which applies a montmorillonite to soil improvement is proposed by patent documents 1-4. Patent Document 1 proposes a soil conditioner made of montmorillonite clay mineral from Nevata, USA, and is particularly suitable for turfgrass cultivation. Patent Document 2 contains a relatively large amount of halloysite and montmorillonite, and a granulate mainly composed of a mixture of clay mixed with silica sand fine particles and an appropriate amount of zeolite powder, and extracts of green algae and active green algae. A soil improvement promoter that normalizes the ecosystem of microorganisms in the soil and improves the ability to supply nutrients to the roots of the plants and promote the growth of roots is proposed Has been. Furthermore, in Patent Document 3, a microbial soil improvement material comprising a fungal culture and a porous carrier (preferably, zeolite, montmorillonite, attapulgite, etc.) belonging to the genus Glyocladium as a constituent element is prepared. There are provided a microbial soil improver excellent in soil disease control effect and growth promotion effect, and a plant seedling production method capable of efficiently growing healthy seedlings by simple treatment.

Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 5-339569 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-256761 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-20890 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-131061

  By the way, commercially available clay minerals are generally defined as having a particle size of 2 microns or less. Handling fine particles of 2 microns or less is not easy. Moreover, montmorillonite has a property (dry strength) that becomes very hard when dried in a wet state. In agriculture, it is mainly used for preventing water leakage in paddy fields. Since montmorillonite has the above properties, if it cannot be evenly sprayed, it will produce block-like lumps in the cultivated soil, which will cause unsuitable places for cultivation and inability to grow plants (pH value, etc.) and will not improve the soil. There is a problem.

  Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention safely and uniformly throws montmorillonite into land that is not suitable for cultivated land or cultivated land that is difficult to use due to continuous cropping failure, etc., and enables new cultivation easily and easily. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a soil improvement material and a soil improvement material that enable reliable harvesting.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention according to claim 1 includes a step of grinding and refining montmorillonite, a step of slurrying the refined montmorillonite, and a slurry of montmorillonite as a vegetable carrier. And a step of supporting the plant carrier by spraying. A method for producing a soil amendment is provided.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention described in claim 2 is the method for producing a soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the plant carrier is coconut peat, peat moss, roasted coffee grounds, dried rice straw, It contains any one or more selected from dry straw and rice husks.

  According to the soil improvement material according to the present invention, a new soil improvement material with excellent surface activity can be safely and surely introduced, so that it is difficult to use due to land unsuitable for cultivated land, continuous cropping failure, etc. The soil environment is significantly improved and new cultivation and harvesting can be ensured.

  In addition, according to the method for producing a soil improvement material according to the present invention, by spraying the refined montmorillonite onto a plant carrier under pressure, the cultivated land that is not suitable for cultivated land or continuous cropping failure of the cultivated land cannot be used. Since montmorillonite can be added safely and uniformly, it is possible to easily and easily enable new cultivation.

  Further, according to the method for producing a soil improvement material and the soil improvement material according to the present invention, it is possible to use wastes such as roasted coffee residue of dried food residue, dried rice straw, wheat straw, rice husk as a plant carrier. Therefore, there is an effect that it is easy to obtain a vegetable carrier and it is possible to provide a soil improvement material at a low cost.

It is process drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the soil improvement material which concerns on this invention. It is a moisture characteristic curve figure measured using what pressure-sprayed montmorillonite which added micro processing to peat moss.

  Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the soil improvement material and soil improvement material which concern on this invention are demonstrated in detail, referring drawings based on preferable one Embodiment. First, the manufacturing method of the soil improvement material which concerns on this invention is demonstrated. FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing a process for producing a soil improvement material according to the present invention.

  First, plant fibers, plant residues, and food residues are prepared as plant carriers, and montmorillonite is prepared (step S1). Examples of plant fibers include peat moss, and carbonized peat moss is particularly preferable because of its good water retention. Examples of plant residues include rice straw (rice straw), wheat straw, coconut fiber, rice husk, and the like, and it is preferable to use those dried. Furthermore, as the food residue, for example, roasted coffee grounds can be used.

  Montmorillonite is a kind of smectite and forms a laminated structure in which thin plate crystals having a thickness of about 1 nm are stacked. Therefore, first, montmorillonite is ground and refined (step S2). That is, the montmorillonite having a particle size of about 2 microns, which is generally commercially available, is not used as it is, but the laminated structure of montmorillonite is pressed and ground with, for example, a metal roll or a stone mortar to refine the structure. Thereby, the CEC value (cation exchange capacity) of montmorillonite can be further increased. Table 1 shows data relating to changes in the CEC value of montmorillonite after pressure treatment.

    Next, the refined montmorillonite is made into a slurry (slurry: suspension containing clay) (step S3). In order to form a slurry, montmorillonite mixed with water is uniformly dispersed by a high-speed mixer such as “DISPARMILL (registered trademark of Hosokawa Micron Corporation)”. The “Dispamyl” is a mixer having a high-speed rotary blade, and the viscosity of the slurry can be freely adjusted by adjusting the amount of water. By rotating the high-speed rotating blade at high speed (1,000 to 3,000 rpm), montmorillonite is uniformly dispersed and mixed in water without unevenness.

  Next, a slurry of montmorillonite uniformly dispersed and mixed in water prepared in step S1, plant fibers (for example, carbonized peat moss), plant residues (for example, dried rice straw and wheat straw), A continuous mixer, such as “Turbulizer (Hosokawa Micron Co., Ltd.), facing or inside a vegetable carrier containing one or more of dried coconut fiber, rice husk, etc.) and food residue (eg, roasted coffee grounds). (Registered Trademark) ”is uniformly sprayed (step S4). The turbulizer is a continuous mixer that is equipped with a large number of variable paddles mounted in a cylindrical container so as to be capable of rotating at high speed. A uniform layer of montmorillonite is formed on the plant carrier by the impact of collision with the vegetative carrier, and at the same time, the dry strength of montmorillonite, which is a vegetation inhibiting factor, can be kept low. By rotating the variable paddle at a high peripheral speed of 20-30 m / s, it can be uniformly dispersed in a short time by the impact. Thereby, it is possible to obtain a soil improving material that can be safely, reliably and easily put into the soil.

  The CEC value of montmorillonite is said to be permanent charge, and this is the biggest feature of montmorillonite. Montmorillonite's ion exchange capacity is not affected by water or soil environment, and is always charged with negative ions. Therefore, it is easy to adsorb and hold positive ions (trace metal ions) to prevent the influence of water (rainfall and irrigation). It is kept stable around the clay mineral without being subjected to electrical stability. The mutation charge depends on the pH (hydrogen ion concentration) of soil and water. If the pH of the soil is not higher than 7 (neutral), negative ions will not come out, so the effect cannot be expected unless a large amount of humus is kept in a large amount for many years.

  There are two types of montmorillonite, N-type and Ca-type. In the N-type, the exchangeable ion is sodium, and in the Ca-type, the exchangeable ion is calcium. Although each has a feature, in the present invention, both N-type and Ca-type can be used.

  In soil science, soil is expressed as a plasticity index (= consistency index). Consistency is an index indicating the degree of hardness and softness of soil, and generally refers to the degree of resistance to deformation and flow due to external force. Consistency depends on the water content. The greater the consistency, the stronger the plasticity. Montmorillonite has a plasticity index that is about three times larger than other clay minerals. The clay mineral containing montmorillonite swells when it contains water, but since the plasticity index of montmorillonite is large as described above, it is superior in terms of water retention compared to other clay minerals. In order to further increase the water retention, a plant carrier as described above is used.

  In addition, there is a moisture characteristic curve as one method for expressing soil characteristics. FIG. 2 is a moisture characteristic curve diagram measured using pressure sprayed montmorillonite obtained by adding a refinement process by pressure treatment to normal soil and peat moss that has been carbonized and has a maximum water retention, For example, it shows how many cc of water can hold up to 100g of soil. In the figure, the horizontal axis indicates the content ratio%, and the vertical axis indicates the amount of water that can be used by the plant as pF (= a value that indicates the wetness of the soil) where the soil particles are fully filled with water molecules. Yes. In addition, A is normal soil, B is a pressure sprayed montmorillonite refined by applying pressure treatment to peat moss granules, and C is fine by applying pressure treatment to normal soil and peat moss granules. A mixture obtained by pressure-sprayed montmorillonite mixed at 8: 2, and D: pressure-sprayed montmorillonite refined by applying pressure treatment to normal soil and peat moss granules at 9: 1 It is a mixture. Here, pF 2.7 to 3.2 is the initial wilting point.

  Table 2 is a table | surface which shows the pF value of the soil improvement material which made the vegetable carrier carry | support montmorillonite.

  According to Table 2, in the case of normal soil, when pF is 0 (the maximum value of the effective water remaining after the gravity water flows away), 35.32 cc of water is retained. In the case of a peat moss mixed with 10% by weight (9: 1) of montmorillonite pressure-sprayed on this soil, a maximum of 75.01 cc of water is retained when the pF is 0. As compared with the case of ordinary soil alone, the water retention is improved by about 2 times. In addition, pF3.5, which is the permanent wilting point at which plants die, is 6.89 cc in the case of ordinary soil, whereas 10% by weight of peat moss sprayed with montmorillonite is mixed on this soil. It can be confirmed that the water retention amount is 19.24 cc, which is about three times as much. Compared to the case of soil alone, when the pF is 0, the water retention amount is about twice, and when the pF is 3.5, the water retention amount is about three times as high as the water retention efficiency. In addition, when the mixing ratio is the same, it is possible to obtain a higher pF value when peat moss is finer than coarse particles.

  And finally, the soil improving material obtained in step S4 is brought into the land where the soil is to be improved, and this is applied to the soil. (Step S5).

  In this case, as is apparent from FIG. 4, it can be seen that the degree of increasing the water retention value can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the blending ratio of the soil improvement material in which montmorillonite is supported on the plant carrier with respect to the soil. For this reason, the blending amount of the soil improvement material may be appropriately changed depending on the purpose.

  A mixed area where organic fertilizer is added to 9: 1 mixed montmorillonite that has been finely sprayed with peat moss granulated by applying pressure treatment to the abandoned farmland soil, and soil in the abandoned farmland We compared the growth of Japanese radish in the untreated area where only organic fertilizer was added. The results are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, “ground part” is the weight of the leaf part, and “underground part” is the weight of the root part used for food.

  As shown in Table 3, the average of the total of the above-ground part and the underground part was 1,420 g in the mixed section, whereas the average of the above-ground part and the underground part was 780 g in the untreated section. In other words, it was confirmed that in the mixed plots, an average weight nearly twice that of the untreated plots can be harvested.

  Next, a mixed zone of 9: 1 mixed montmorillonite that has been finely sprayed by applying pressure treatment to peat moss granules on the maize of Okinawa, and the maize of Okinawa A comparison of the breeding of "Tall Fescue", a kind of turf, was carried out in the no-treatment section. The results are shown in Table 4. In Table 4, “ground part” is the weight of the leaf portion that appeared on the ground, and “underground part” is the weight of the root part. Further, the cultivation is performed by a planter, and “numbers 1, 2, and 3” in Table 3 indicate the numbers of the respective planters.

  As shown in Table 4, in the mixed area, the average of the above-ground part was 0.82 g and the average of the underground part was 0.19 g, and the growth was seen, whereas the untreated area showed almost all growth. There wasn't.

  Next, in the mixed zone where the montmorillonite refined by pressurizing peat moss granules on the sand of Shonan coast is mixed at 9: 1 and in the untreated zone of sand only on the Shonan coast We compared the breeding of sea cucumber. The results are shown in Table 5. In Table 5, the “ground part” is the weight of the leaf portion that appeared on the ground, and the “underground part” is the weight of the root part. Further, the growth was performed on a 30 × 30 cm section, and “numbers 1, 2, and 3” in Table 5 indicate the numbers of the respective sections.

  As shown in Table 5, the average of the above-ground part is 44.7 g and the average of the underground part is 112 g in the mixed section, whereas the average of the above-ground part is 4 g and the average of the underground part is 6 g in the untreated section. Met. That is, while growth was observed in the mixed plot, almost no growth was observed in the untreated plot. It was recognized that by adding only 10% by weight of the soil improving material according to the present invention, even if it is sand such as sand having low water retention and extremely low fertilizer, it is effective for growing plants.

Finally, the manufacturing method of the soil improvement material and the characteristics of the soil improvement material according to the present invention are briefly listed.
1. By processing montmorillonite, the amount of use can be reduced and the adverse effect of hardening the clay can be reduced as much as possible, so that it can be used with confidence.
2. By obtaining a simple moisture characteristic curve, the amount mixed in the soil can be easily determined.
3. Select the target soil. Conditions applicable to any soil can be set.
4). Because the manufacturing method is simple, anyone can manufacture it anywhere.
5. The materials used are readily available at low cost and have no economic burden.
6). Once it is put into the soil, it is not theoretically necessary to put it in every year. In this case, make up for it while watching the pattern.
7). Since it can be composed only of natural substances, there is no concern about environmental pollution even in the natural environment.
8). Since only organic fertilizer can be cultivated, the added value of the product increases. Anyone can traditionally cultivate completely organically, which was traditionally only for serious farmers. Also, soil degradation can be greatly reduced.

  As described above, the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment, and within the scope of the gist of the present invention described in the claims, Needless to say, various modifications and changes are possible.

  The present invention is applicable not only to agriculture but also to any soil environment. For example, it can also be applied to vegetation in places where topsoil has been washed away and to improve the environment where desertification is progressing.

Claims (2)

Grinding and refining montmorillonite;
A step of making fine montmorillonite into a slurry,
A step of supporting the vegetable carrier by spraying the montmorillonite in a slurry state on the vegetable carrier;
A method for producing a soil improvement material, comprising: In the manufacturing method of the soil improvement material of Claim 1,
The method for producing a soil improvement material, wherein the plant carrier contains at least one selected from coconut peat, peat moss, roasted coffee grounds, dry rice straw, dry straw and rice husk.

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