CN103524208B - The purposes of water insoluble solids micro-powder - Google Patents
The purposes of water insoluble solids micro-powder Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of purposes of water insoluble solids micro-powder.The application of this water insoluble solids micro-powder comprises: one is dressed seed by the seed of described powder and plant; Two use as base manure or topdress for be mixed with the fertilizer of plant by described powder.Diameter of particle is 2.5-50 μm; This powder is selected from least one in sedimentogeneous rock, volcanics, metamorphosed rock, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesiumcarbonate, Indian red, Z 250, pyrite, rhombohedral iron ore, magnetite, charcoal, graphite, carbon black, brown coal, Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL), zeolite, Attapulgite, mica, zinc oxide, cupric oxide, quartz sand and Manganse Dioxide.Water insoluble solids micro-powder is applied in plant growing and process of growth by the present invention, can Promoting plant growth, improve output, improve product quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of purposes of water insoluble solids micro-powder.
Background technology
Nanotechnology starts from late 1990s in the application of agriculture field.Research relate to Nano-meter SiO_2
2, fertilizer nanometer coated fertilizer, nano rare earth plant-growth regulator etc., wherein Nano-meter SiO_2 has been inquired into by Wang Li army
2protection plant exempts from germ infringement, improves plant disease-resistant ability.In fact, the association of particle size to organism toxic action is vital index.By research, the known nano particle of scientists can be deposited in lung than larger particle more, also more penetrates with in lung tissue.The epidemiological study result reaching more than 20 year of carrying out in the U.S. shows, and relative to 10 μm, in air, 2.5 μm often increase by 100 μ g.m
-3, crowd's lung cancer and cardiovascular disorder mortality ratio increase by 12% ~ 19%; In air, 10 μm often increase by 50 μ g.m
-3, inpatient increases by 3% ~ 6%, and 2.5 μm often increase by 50 μ g.m
-3, inpatient increases by 25%, and the impact of visible particle diameter on disease is significant.Test rat treats 15min in the air of tetrafluoroethylene (" Teflon " plastics) particle containing particle diameter being 20nm, and great majority are death in 4h subsequently, and it is that rat in the air of 120nm particle is then safe and sound that another group is lived in containing diameter.Hansen implants the nano particle of identical type subcutaneous for rat both sides symmetry, is TiO respectively
2, SiO
2, Ni, Co and PVC.Evaluate 5 kinds of different biomaterials and directly contact the subcutaneous and muscle tissue situation of 6 months at two kinds of completely different particle diameters (sample and the nano-particle material of bulk).Pathological examination shows that these nano particles occur in tumour and play the effect of adding fuel to the flames in Inflammatory response.
As can be seen here, although nano material possesses raising utilization rate of fertilizer, promotes plant growth, improves the effects such as quality of agricultural product, but due to very harmful to animal in preparation, application operating person and environment of its toxicity, so preparation, application requirement of shelter higher, moreover preparation difficulty is comparatively large, inefficiency, and application prospect in agriculture is severely limited.For this reason, select to be greater than PM2.5 common, cheap, to prepare easy, nontoxic green micro materials imperative in the application in plant-growth field.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of purposes of water insoluble solids micro-powder.
The invention provides following arbitrary described application of non-water-soluble solid micro-powder:
1) promote that plant is to the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and/or potassium;
2) improve plant biomass and improve plant quality.
Described application is specially following application one or two:
Described application one is dressed seed for being mixed with plant seed by described powder;
Described application two is used as base manure or topdress for described powder and fertilizer being puddled.
Wherein, the particle diameter of described powder is 2.5-50 μm, be specially 2.94,3.56,3.57,3.68,4.56,4.76,5.34,5.45,6.42,6.54,6.78,7.56,8.12,8.69,8.76,9.58,10.54,10.63,11.20,14.23,15.67,18.97,39.0,41.2,41.6,42.1,43.2,43.5,43.8,45.5,45.6,45.7,45.9,46.5,46.8,46.9,47.9,48.9,48.5,49.8,2.94-49.8,2.94-18.97 or 39.0-49.8 μm;
Described powder is required containing crop alimentary or the water-insoluble solid chemical compound of beneficial element or ore;
Concrete, the material forming described powder is selected from least one in sedimentogeneous rock, volcanics, metamorphosed rock, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesiumcarbonate, Indian red, Z 250, pyrite, rhombohedral iron ore, magnetite, biological carbon, graphite, carbon black, brown coal, Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL), zeolite, Attapulgite, mica, zinc oxide, cupric oxide, quartz sand and Manganse Dioxide.
In described application one, the mass ratio of powder and plant seed is 0.001-5:100, is specially 0.005-4.85:100;
In described application one, seed dressing specifically comprises the steps:
Clear water soaks seed controlled water after 0.5-24 hour, but kept seed coat moist, was then mixed with the seed of plant by powder by proportioning, made described powder evenly be attached to the epidermis of every seed;
In described application two, described fertilizer is selected from least one in single element fertilizer, Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, fertilizer, micro-fertilizer, bacterial manure and water soluble fertilizer;
The mass ratio of described powder and fertilizer is 0.01-10:100; Be specially 0.05-4.75:100,0.1-0.15:100,0.1-4.75:100 or 0.15-4.75:100;
In above-mentioned application, described plant is all selected from least one in farm crop, vegetables and flowers.
Concrete, described farm crop are corn, wheat, peanut or soybean;
Described vegetables are tomato, celery or spinach;
Described flowers are narcissus, turmeric, gladiolus or Cyclamen persicum.
Described improve plant quality for following any one:
1) at least one in Vc, soluble sugar and the soluble protein content in vegetables edible portion is improved;
2) at least one in the colored taro number of flowers, flowering rate and real petal number is improved;
3) at least one in the acidity of plant edible portion and nitrate content is reduced.
Water insoluble solids micro-powder is applied in plant growing and process of growth by the present invention, can improve output, improve product quality.
This invention has the following advantages:
1) more common, the easy acquisition of the starting material that the present invention is used or purchase;
2) materials processing, easier, the saving of labor of preparation, province's energy, low cost and green safety;
3) using method is easier.Be seed dressing or seed pelleting in the present invention, mix the purposes such as fertile, easily grasp and enforcement;
4) increase production, to improve agricultural-food remarkably productive;
5) set up the milestone that micro materials is applied at plant field, there is great ecology and economic worth.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.Described method is ordinary method if no special instructions.Described starting material all can obtain from open commercial sources if no special instructions.
Embodiment 1, the application of water insoluble solids micro-powder in corn seed dressing
Object: different sorts small particle size (be greater than but close to 2.5 μm) micro-powder low dose (0.05g/kg seed) Dressing is on the impact of corn growth and plant above ground portion N, P, K nutrition absorption.
For studying thing: corn Zheng Dan 958, corn center, Beijing City Agriculture and Forestry Institute provides.
For examination fertilizer: urea originates from Hubei Yi Hua Chemical Co., Ltd. and produces, nitrogen content 46%, perform GB: GB2440-2001.Calcium superphosphate originates from river and mountain star sea, Yunnan chemical fertilizer industry company limited, P
2o
5content is 14%, performs GB: GB20413-2006; Potassium sulfate originates from Shandong seaization, K
2o content is 50%, performs GB: GB20406-2006.
Method: corn seed dressing, potted plant earth culture.Place is positioned at Inst. of Plant Nutrition &. Resource, Beijing City Academy of Agricultural &. Fo greenhouse; Time is on June 28,18 days to 2010 May in 2010.
Dress basin; Wind desiceted soil is sieved, and measuring water content by oven drying method is 6.78%.In order to ensure 5kg dry ground, every basin claims soil amount for 5.36kg wind desiceted soil.All fertilizer treatment fertilizer all does that base manure is disposable to be applied.
Process 1 does not add any fertilizer and directly claims soil dress basin.
Process 2 ~ 24 processes by table 1 respectively pours into the soil weighed up and fertilizer (urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate) gradation in large basin, stirring and evenly mixing and dress basin.
Seed dressing: select full uniform seed 24 × 3=72 part, weigh respectively.After soaking 24 hours with clear water, control water, dries in the shade 2 hours, is then mixed according to proportioning with corn seed by the micro-powder of different sorts and particle diameter according to table 1 Suo Shi, micro-powder is evenly attached on the epidermis of every corn seed, completes seed dressing.
Sowing: every basin cruciform symmetry is 1 cave apart from basin limit 3cm, and every basin 4 cave, 3, every cave seed is 3cm deeply.
Test totally 24 process, repeat for three times, amount to 72 basins.Basin is high × basin on bore=25cm × 25cm.
Low dose of (0.05g/kg seed) micro-powder of table 1. different sorts small particle size (be greater than but close to 2.5 μm) is beautiful
Rice Dressing
Note: " g/kg seed " represents that every kg seed and how many g micro-powder are dressed seed.
Management: through especially filling basin test, determine that every basin optimal irrigation is 750ml, so after planting tap water 750ml filled with by every basin.Observe soil moisture content later, keep watering unanimously, meanwhile, remove weeds in basin.
The measurement of plant above ground portion dry biomass and plant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium: by the plant of gathering in pasting with washing 3 times from the beginning, then use deionized water rinsing 1 time.Blot surface water with thieving paper, the baking oven then putting into 85 DEG C is dried, and claims dry weight with one of percentage balance.Then pulverize, cross 0.5mm sieve.Total nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium content measure the method in " Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry " that adopt Bao scholar's dawn.
Data analysis: adopt SPSS statistical analysis software.
Result
1, different Dressing is on the impact of corn field top dry biomass
Acquired results is in table 2.
Table 2. different treatment repeats for three times and average dry biomass the results of analysis of variance
Note: the different lowercase of same column represents significant difference between process, P<0.05.
As shown in Table 2, all Dressings all significantly increase dry biomass than simple fertilizer treatment 2.Illustrate different types of particle diameter be 2.5 μm to 20 μm micro-powder low dose seed dressing all play significant biological effect.Be also shown in from table 1, the effect of increasing production of the mica micropowder Dressing of same weight is best.
2, different corn seed dressing process absorbs the impact of N, P, K total amount on milpa overground part
Table 3 different treatment milpa overground part absorbs N, P, K total amount
Note: the different lowercase of same column represents significant difference between process, P<0.05.
From table 3, the seed dressing of different types of 2.5 μm of micro-powders to 20 μm of yardsticks low dose, milpa inhales nitrogen, potassium amount significantly increases than contrast (process 2).
Embodiment 2, the application of water insoluble solids micro-powder in corn seed dressing
Object: different sorts small particle size (be greater than but close to 2.5 μm) micro-powder high dosage (48.5g/kg seed) Dressing is on the impact of corn growth and plant above ground portion N, P, K nutrition absorption.
For studying thing: corn Zheng Dan 958, corn center, Beijing City Agriculture and Forestry Institute provides.
For examination fertilizer: urea originates from Hubei Yi Hua Chemical Co., Ltd. and produces, nitrogen content 46%, perform GB: GB2440-2001; Calcium superphosphate originates from river and mountain star sea, Yunnan chemical fertilizer industry company limited, P
2o
5content is 14%, performs GB: GB20413-2006; Potassium sulfate originates from Shandong seaization, K
2o content is 50%, performs GB: GB20406-2006.
Method: corn seed dressing and potted plant earth culture.Place is positioned at Inst. of Plant Nutrition &. Resource, Beijing City Academy of Agricultural &. Fo greenhouse; Time is on June 28,18 days to 2010 May in 2010.
Dress basin; Wind desiceted soil is sieved, and it is 6.78% that oven drying method measures water content.In order to ensure 5kg dry ground, every basin claims soil amount for 5.36kg wind desiceted soil.All fertilizer treatment fertilizer all does that base manure is disposable to be applied.
Process 1 does not add any fertilizer and directly claims soil dress basin.
Process 2 ~ 24 is poured into the soil weighed up and fertilizer (urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate) gradation in large basin by process respectively, stirring and evenly mixing and dress basin.
Seed dressing: select full uniform seed 24 × 3=72 part, weigh respectively.After soaking 24 hours with clear water, control water, dries in the shade 2 hours, is then mixed according to proportioning with corn seed by the micro-powder of different sorts and particle diameter according to table 4 Suo Shi, micro-powder is evenly attached on the epidermis of every corn seed, completes seed dressing.
Sowing: every basin cruciform symmetry is 1 cave apart from basin limit 3cm, and every basin 4 cave, 3, every cave seed is 3cm deeply.
Test totally 24 process, repeat for three times, amount to 72 basins.Basin is high × basin on bore=25cm × 25cm.
Table 4. different sorts small particle size (be greater than but close to 2.5 μm) micro-powder high dosage (48.5g/kg seed) corn seed dressing process
Note: " g/kg seed " represents that per kilogram seed and how many grams of micro-powders are dressed seed.
Management: through especially filling basin test, determine that every basin optimal irrigation is 750ml, so after planting tap water 750ml filled with by every basin.Observe soil moisture content later, keep comparatively water consistent, meanwhile, remove weeds in basin.
Plant above ground portion dry biomass measures and plant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium measurement: by the plant of gathering in pasting with washing 3 times from the beginning, then use deionized water rinsing 1 time.Blot surface water with thieving paper, the baking oven then putting into 85 DEG C is dried, and claims dry weight with one of percentage balance.Then pulverize, cross 0.5mm sieve.Total nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium content measure the method in " Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry " that adopt Bao scholar's dawn.
Data analysis: adopt SPSS statistical analysis software.
Result
1, different Dressing is on the impact of corn field top dry biomass
Table 5. different treatment repeats for three times and average dry biomass the results of analysis of variance
Note: the different lowercase of same column represents significant difference between process, P<0.05.
As shown in Table 5, all Dressings all significantly increase dry biomass than simple fertilizer treatment 2.Illustrate that heavy dose of different sorts is greater than and all play significant biological effect close to 2.5 μm of yardstick micro-powder high dosage seed dressings, illustrate that the seed dressing of high dosage micro-powder is biological short long respond well.
2, different corn seed dressing process absorbs the impact of N, P, K total amount on milpa overground part
The different Dressing of table 6 absorbs the impact of N, P, K total amount to milpa overground part
Note: the different lowercase of same column represents significant difference between process, P<0.05.
From table 6, different sorts is less than the seed dressing of 20 μm of yardstick micro-powder low doses, and milpa inhales nitrogen, potassium amount significantly increases than contrast (process 2), and does not increase the absorption total amount of phosphorus.
Embodiment 3, the application of water insoluble solids micro-powder in corn seed dressing
Object: different sorts Large stone (be less than but close to 50 μm) micro materials low dose (0.05g/kg seed) Dressing is on the impact of corn growth and plant above ground portion N, P, K nutrition absorption.
For studying thing: corn Zheng Dan 958, corn center, Beijing City Agriculture and Forestry Institute provides.
For examination fertilizer: urea originates from Hubei Yi Hua Chemical Co., Ltd. and produces, nitrogen content 46%, perform GB: GB2440-2001.Calcium superphosphate originates from river and mountain star sea, Yunnan chemical fertilizer industry company limited, P
2o
5content is 14%, performs GB: GB20413-2006; Potassium sulfate originates from Shandong seaization, K
2o content is 50%, performs GB: GB20406-2006.
Method: corn seed dressing and potted plant earth culture.Place is positioned at Inst. of Plant Nutrition &. Resource, Beijing City Academy of Agricultural &. Fo greenhouse; Time is on September 28,18 days to 2010 August in 2010.
Dress basin; Wind desiceted soil is sieved, and it is 6.78% that oven drying method measures water content.In order to ensure 5kg dry ground, every basin claims soil amount for 5.36kg wind desiceted soil.All fertilizer treatment fertilizer all does that base manure is disposable to be applied.
Process 1 does not add any fertilizer and directly claims soil dress basin.
Process 2 ~ 24 is poured into weighed up soil and fertilizer gradation in large basin by process respectively, stirring and evenly mixing and dress basin.
Seed dressing: select full uniform seed 24 × 3=72 part, weigh respectively.With clear water soak 24 hours, control water, dry in the shade 2 hours, then according to table 7 Suo Shi, the micro-powder of different sorts and particle diameter is mixed according to proportioning with corn seed, micro-powder is evenly attached on the epidermis of every corn seed, completes seed dressing.
Sowing: every basin cruciform symmetry is 1 cave apart from basin limit 3cm, and every basin 4 cave, 3, every cave seed is 3cm deeply.
Test totally 24 process, repeat for three times, amount to 72 basins.Basin is high × basin on bore=25cm × 25cm.
Table 7. different sorts Large stone (be less than but close to 50 μm) micro materials low dose (0.05g/kg seed) corn seed dressing process
Note: " g/kg seed " represents that per kilogram seed and how many grams of micro-powders are dressed seed.
Management: through especially filling basin test, determine that every basin optimal irrigation is 750ml, so after planting tap water 750ml filled with by every basin.Observe soil moisture content later, keep comparatively water consistent, meanwhile, remove weeds in basin.
Plant above ground portion dry biomass measures and plant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium measurement: by the plant of gathering in pasting with washing 3 times from the beginning, then use deionized water rinsing 1 time.Blot surface water with thieving paper, the baking oven then putting into 85 DEG C is dried, and claims dry weight with one of percentage balance.Then pulverize, cross 0.5mm sieve.Total nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium content measure the method in " Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry " that adopt Bao scholar's dawn.
Data analysis: adopt SPSS statistical analysis software.
Result
1, different Dressing is on the impact of corn field top dry biomass
Table 8. different treatment repeats for three times and average dry biomass the results of analysis of variance
Note: the different lowercase of same column represents significant difference between process, P<0.05.
As shown in Table 8, all Dressings all significantly increase dry biomass than simple fertilizer treatment 2.Illustrate that different sorts is less than and all play significant biological effect close to 50 μm of yardstick micro-powders, show that the biology of the micro-powder material of Large stone urgees long-acting fruit also good.
2, different corn seed dressing process absorbs the impact of N, P, K total amount on milpa overground part
The different Dressing of table 9 absorbs the impact of N, P, K total amount to milpa overground part
Note: the different lowercase of same column represents significant difference between process, P<0.05.
From table 9, different sorts is less than the seed dressing of 20 μm of yardstick micro materials low doses, and milpa inhales nitrogen, potassium amount significantly increases than contrast (process 2), and does not increase the absorption total amount of phosphorus.Specifically which kind of reason, will need further research from now on.
Embodiment 4, the application of water insoluble solids micro-powder in corn seed dressing
Object: different sorts Large stone (be less than but close to 50 μm) micro materials high dosage (48.5g/kg seed) Dressing is on the impact of corn growth and plant above ground portion N, P, K nutrition absorption.
For studying thing: corn Zheng Dan 958, corn center, Beijing City Agriculture and Forestry Institute provides.
For examination fertilizer: urea originates from Hubei Yi Hua Chemical Co., Ltd. and produces, perform GB: GB2440-2001, nitrogen content 46%.Calcium superphosphate originates from river and mountain star sea, Yunnan chemical fertilizer industry company limited, P
2o
5content is 14%, performs GB: GB20413-2006; Potassium sulfate originates from Shandong seaization, K
2o content is 50%, K
2o content is 50%, performs GB: GB20406-2006.
Method: corn seed dressing and potted plant earth culture.Place is positioned at Inst. of Plant Nutrition &. Resource, Beijing City Academy of Agricultural &. Fo greenhouse; Time is on September 28,18 days to 2010 August in 2010.
Test totally 24 process, repeat for three times, amount to 72 basins.Basin is high × basin on bore=25cm × 25cm.
Dress basin; Wind desiceted soil is sieved, and it is 6.78% that oven drying method measures water content.In order to ensure 5kg dry ground, every basin claims soil amount for 5.36kg wind desiceted soil.All fertilizer treatment fertilizer all does that base manure is disposable to be applied.
Process 1 does not add any fertilizer and directly claims soil dress basin.
Process 2 ~ 24 is poured into weighed up soil and fertilizer gradation in large basin by process respectively, stirring and evenly mixing and dress basin.
Seed dressing: select full uniform seed 24 × 3=72 part, weigh respectively.With clear water soak 24 hours, control water, dry in the shade 2 hours, then according to table 10 Suo Shi, the micro-powder of different sorts and particle diameter is mixed according to proportioning with corn seed, micro-powder is evenly attached on the epidermis of every corn seed, completes seed dressing.
Sowing: every basin cruciform symmetry is 1 cave apart from basin limit 3cm, and every basin 4 cave, 3, every cave seed is 3cm deeply.
Table 10. different sorts Large stone (be less than but close to 50 μm) micro materials high dosage (48.5g/kg seed) corn seed dressing processing scheme
Note: " g/kg seed " represents that per kilogram seed and how many grams of micro-powders are dressed seed.
Management: through especially filling basin test, determine that every basin optimal irrigation is 750ml, so after planting tap water 750ml filled with by every basin.Observe soil moisture content later, keep comparatively water consistent, meanwhile, remove weeds in basin.
Plant above ground portion dry biomass measures and plant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium measurement: by the plant of gathering in pasting with washing 3 times from the beginning, then use deionized water rinsing 1 time.Blot surface water with thieving paper, the baking oven then putting into 85 DEG C is dried, and claims dry weight with one of percentage balance.Then pulverize, cross 0.5mm sieve.Total nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium content measure the method in " Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry " that adopt Bao scholar's dawn.
Data analysis: adopt SPSS statistical analysis software.
Result
1, different Dressing is on the impact of corn field top dry biomass
Table 11. different treatment repeats for three times and average dry biomass variance analysis
Note: the different lowercase of same column represents significant difference between process, P<0.05.
As shown in Table 11, all Dressings all significantly increase dry biomass than simple fertilizer treatment 2.Illustrate that different sorts is less than and all play significant biological effect close to 50 μm of yardstick micro-powder high dosage seed dressings, also show that Large stone, heavy dose of micro materials biology is short long respond well.
2, different corn seed dressing process absorbs the impact of N, P, K total amount on milpa overground part
The different Dressing of table 12 absorbs the impact of N, P, K total amount to milpa overground part
Note: the different lowercase of same column represents significant difference between process, P<0.05.
From table 12, the seed dressing of different sorts micro materials low dose, milpa inhales nitrogen, potassium amount significantly increases than contrast (process 2), and does not increase the absorption total amount of phosphorus.
The impact that embodiment 5, water insoluble solids micro-powder are mixed base manure and topdressed on tomato production and quality
Object: different sorts micro-powder various dose mixes the fertile impact processed tomato production and quality.
For studying thing: tomato, Monte Carlo, purchased from vegetables center, Beijing City Agriculture and Forestry Institute.
Method: mix fertilizer, greenhouse production.Place is positioned at American style greenhouse, agricultural planting garden, Hancunhe, Fangshan District, Beijing City.June 25 15 days to 2011 October of 2010 time.
For examination fertilizer: Chemical Mixed Fertilizer available nutrient content N-P used
2o
5-K
2o is 15-15-15, originates from Sichuan Hongda Co., Ltd., numbering: No. 0517, the accurate word of river agriculture (2005).Fertilizer originates from the special Organic Fertilizer Plants in Beijing one, numbering: NY525-2012.
Mix fertilizer: fertilizer and Chemical Mixed Fertilizer by table 13 treatment process respectively with different sorts, various dose micro-powder material mixing, stir.
Wherein, the mixture of fertilizer and micro-powder all applies and makes base manure;
The equal decile of mixture 4 parts of Chemical Mixed Fertilizer and micro-powder, every part of 300kg/hm
2; A copy of it makes base manure, and other three parts apply mid-term and before gathering 20 days in the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, growth respectively, all ditch at every turn, topdress, earthing, to water when applying.
Field planting: select seedling even, be transplanted in 1.4m × 7m rice community.
Three repetitions are established in test, amount to 72 communities.
Table 13. different sorts micro materials and various dose mix fertile process
Note: " g/kg seed " represents that per kilogram seed and how many grams of micro-powders are dressed seed.
Management: allly to water, prune, hang pea, deinsectization all by garden management custom.
Tomato collection, sample preparation and mensuration: evenly pluck 250 grams, tomato in the plant upper, middle and lower of every community, deionized water is cleaned to be measured.Vc adopts 2,6 one Dichlorophenol indophenol titration measurings, soluble sugar to adopt anthrone method, acidity to perform GB/T10467-1989 standard test, nitrate employing ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
Result:
In table 14.
Table 14. different treatment is to tomato production and qualitative effects
Note: the different lowercase of same column represents significant difference between process, P<0.05.
As seen from Table 14, all fertilizer process tomato production, Vc and soluble sugar contents mixed all are significantly higher than contrast (process 2).And fruit acidity and nitrate content all obviously decline.Show that mixing fertile process not only improves tomato production, and significantly improve fruit quality.
Embodiment 6, water insoluble solids micro-powder are mixed base manure and topdress on the impact of celery yield and quality
Object: different sorts micro materials various dose mixes the impact of fertile process on celery Yield and qualities.
For studying thing: kind: this celery, purchased from vegetables center, Beijing City Agriculture and Forestry Institute.
For examination fertilizer: Chemical Mixed Fertilizer available nutrient content N-P used
2o
5-K
2o is 15-15-15, originates from Sichuan Hongda Co., Ltd., numbering: No. 0517, the accurate word of river agriculture (2005); Urea originates from Hubei Yi Hua Chemical Co., Ltd. and produces, nitrogen content 46%, performs GB: GB2440-2001; Fertilizer originates from the special Organic Fertilizer Plants in Beijing one, numbering: NY525-2012.
Method: this research adopts greenhouse production, and place is positioned at agricultural planting garden, Hancunhe, Fangshan District, Beijing City.February 1 11 days to 2011 September of 2010 time.
Mix fertilizer: fertilizer, Chemical Mixed Fertilizer are mixed with the micro-powder of different sorts, various dose by table 15 respectively by process, stirs and all apply and make base manure;
Separately with urea in contrast: 600 kilograms of urea are evenly divided into 4 parts, and every part of 150kg mixes with powder by table 15 different sorts, different Mixed sample Proportion.Within 40 days, 60 days, 80 days after Planting time, field planting, open shallow ridges, topdress, earthing, water chase after into.
Field planting: select seedling even, be transplanted in 1m × 7m rice community.Line-spacing × spacing in the rows=20cm × 20cm.
If three times are repeated, amount to 72 communities.
Table 15. different sorts micro materials and various dose mix fertile processing scheme
Management: all by garden management custom.
Celery gathers and measures: evenly get 10 strains at random in every community, remove root system, cleans dry, weigh with one of percentage balance with tap water, record output (ground fresh weight).Following quality project is surveyed in random sampling: Vc adopts 2,6 one Dichlorophenol indophenol titration measurings, soluble sugar to adopt anthrone method, soluble protein to adopt Coomassie Brilliant Blue, nitrate to adopt nitrosalicylic acid ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
Result: in table 16.
Table 16. different treatment affects celery yield and quality
Note: the different lowercase of same column represents significant difference between process, P<0.05.
As seen from Table 16, all fertile process celery output, Vc, soluble sugar and soluble protein contents mixed all are significantly higher than contrast (process 2).And nitrate content all obviously declines.Show that mixing fertile process not only improves celery output, also significantly improves fruit quality.
Embodiment 7, water insoluble solids micro-powder mix the impact of base manure on spinach yield and quality
Object: different sorts micro materials various dose mixes the impact of fertile process on spinach Yield and qualities.
For studying thing: kind: celebrate rich No., purchased from vegetables center, Beijing City Agriculture and Forestry Institute.
For examination fertilizer: Chemical Mixed Fertilizer available nutrient content N-P used
2o
5-K
2o is 15-15-15, originates from Sichuan Hongda Co., Ltd., numbering: No. 0517, the accurate word of river agriculture (2005); Fertilizer originates from the special Organic Fertilizer Plants in Beijing one, numbering: NY525-2012.
Method: this research adopts bare area cultivation, and place is positioned at vacant lot between greenhouse, agricultural planting garden, Hancunhe, Fangshan District, Beijing City.April 15 1 day to 2010 March of 2010 time.
Mix fertilizer: because the spinach growth phase is short, so fertilizer, Chemical Mixed Fertilizer are pressed table 17 by process and mixed with the micro-powder of different sorts, various dose respectively, stir, all apply and make base manure.
Sowing: adopt and broadcast sowing, plot area 1m × 5m=5m
2.The amount of broadcasting is 1.5g/ community.
Test establishes three repetitions, random district group, amounts to 72 communities.
Table 17. different sorts micro materials and various dose mix fertile processing scheme
Management: all by locality, garden management custom.
Spinach collection, sample preparation and mensuration: evenly get 0.09m at random in every community
2, remove root system, clean with tap water and dry, claim fresh weight to be output with one of percentage balance.Following quality project is surveyed in random sampling: Vc adopts 2,6 one Dichlorophenol indophenol titration measurings, soluble sugar to adopt anthrone method; Soluble protein adopts the content of Coomassie Brilliant Blue, nitrate to adopt nitrosalicylic acid ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
Result: in table 18.
Table 18. different treatment affects spinach yield and quality
Note: the different lowercase of same column represents significant difference between process, P<0.05; FW represents fresh weight.
As seen from Table 18, the overwhelming majority is mixed fertile process spinach output and is all significantly higher than and only mixes fertile process, and Vc, soluble sugar and soluble protein content are all significantly higher than contrast (processing 2).And the content of nitrate all obviously declines.Show that mixing fertile process not only improves spinach output, also significantly improves fruit quality.
Embodiment 8, water insoluble solids micro-powder are mixed base manure and topdress on the impact of 4 kinds of crop yields
Object: mixed powder is mixed fertilizer and made base manure and the production-increasing function produced crop big area that topdresses.
For studying thing: wheat (kind: Beijing 841), corn (kind: Zheng Dan 958), peanut (kind: Shandong spends No. 1), soybean (kind: middle work 982), all purchased from Beijing City Agriculture and Forestry Institute crop institute.
For examination powder: 24 kinds of solid chemical compounds by weight Homogeneous phase mixing air-flow pulverize and obtain the micro-powder of large, medium and small three kinds of particle diameters, as examination powder body material (see table 20).
For examination fertilizer: composite fertilizer originates from Shunyi Ford and comes compound manure company limited, available nutrient of fertilizer content N-P
2o
5-K
2o is 8-14-8; Numbering: capital agriculture fertilizer (2011) accurate 1444; Urea originates from Hubei Yi Hua Chemical Co., Ltd. and produces, nitrogen content 46%, performs GB: GB2440-2001.
Fertilizing method: place is positioned at small peak battalion of Yanqing County of Beijing county, often kind of crop demonstration area and equal 0.067 hectare of contrast.
Apply fertilizer after composite fertilizer and urea are all puddled according to the ratio in table 20 and micro-powder.
Wherein, the mixture be made up of composite fertilizer and micro-powder, all as base manure, evenly spreads field, then rotary tillage, level land, do furrow after sow.
The mixture be made up of urea and micro-powder is all as topdressing, and the fertilizing method that specifically topdresses is as follows:
Wheat and soybean are topdressed and spread in the middle of the ridge of open-minded shallow ridges at period of seedling establishment and early flowering season strip respectively, and earthing waters subsequently;
Corn, peanut topdress respectively at typhon mouth phase and blooming stage, and fertilizer is placed on beyond corn and a peanut periphery 15cm in hole, cave, covers subsequently and waters.
The rate of fertilizer application of often kind of crop is in table 19.
Table 19, Different Crop custom base manure and proportion of additional fertilizer
Process and output
Process and 4 kinds of crop yields, effect of increasing production are in table 20.
Table 20,4 kinds of large, medium and small three kinds of hybrid microscale particle diameter powders of crop mix fertile process and large-scale demonstration effect of increasing production
As seen from Table 20, it is visible to Different Crop yield effect effect that fertile process mixed by large, medium and small three kinds of micro-powder materials of different distributions, and 4 kinds of crops are all to mix fertile process and all significantly increase production.The amount of increase in production of corn is comparatively large, reaches 36.7%; The amount of increase in production of peanut is relatively little, and minimum is 9.9%.Visible, micro-powder material has showed good popularizing application prospect.
Embodiment 9, water insoluble solids micro-powder mix base manure and the application in flowers of topdressing
Object: 24 kinds of solid chemical compounds by weight Homogeneous phase mixing make the micro-powder material of large, medium and small three kinds of particle diameters, mix base manure and topdressing process by flower-grower's custom of applying fertilizer, research micro-powder material mixes fertile large-area applications to flower characteristic impact effect.
For studying thing: narcissus, turmeric, gladiolus, Cyclamen persicum, narcissus seedling originates from Zhangzhou, Fujian, and other seedlings all originate from local peasant household.
Powder: 24 kinds of solid chemical compounds by weight Homogeneous phase mixing air-flow be ground into the micro-powder of large, medium and small three kinds of particle diameters, as examination powder body material.
For examination fertilizer: fertilizer originates from the special Organic Fertilizer Plants in Beijing one, numbering: NY525-2012.Composite fertilizer originates from Shunyi Ford and comes compound manure company limited, available nutrient content N-P
2o
5-K
2o is 8-14-8, numbering: capital agriculture fertilizer (2011) accurate 1444; Urea originates from Hubei Yi Hua Chemical Co., Ltd. and produces, nitrogen content 46%, performs GB: GB2440-2001; Saltpetre originates from Chile, N-K
2o content is 13.5-45, performs GB: GB/T20784-2006; Potassium sulfate originates from Shandong seaization, K
2o content is 50%, performs GB: GB20406-2006.
Fertilizing method: carry out in greenhouse, great Zhang village, Suizhong County, Liaoning, often kind of flowers demonstration area is a plastic greenhouse, and area is 0.054 hectare.
Fertilizer, composite fertilizer and micro-powder are puddled, as base manure;
Urea, saltpetre, potassium sulfate and micro-powder are puddled, as topdressing;
Above-mentioned base manure and topdressing, the particle diameter of micro-powder is in table 21, the amount ratio of micro-powder and fertilizer is all shown in Table 21;
In base manure, the amount ratio of fertilizer and composite fertilizer is in table 22; Topdress the amount ratio of middle urea, saltpetre and potassium sulfate in table 22;
The above-mentioned fertilizing time topdressed is in table 23.
The particle diameter of table 21, micro-powder and when mixing fertilizer and the amount ratio of fertilizer
Table 22, different flowers base manure and topdress fertilizer type and consumption
Table 23, different flowers dressing time
Control treatment accounts for booth area 1/3rd, is 0.018 hectare, other for concomitant fertilizer cultivated area be 0.036 hectare.
Testing index is determined:
(1) narcissus April 20 growth 1 year narcissus bead is mixed fertile process plant by not mixed fertilizer (contrast) and different-grain diameter powder, it is fertile that growing period chases after breading body, and the process of topdressing comprises: slit ditch, broadcast application, earthing and water.After November 1 results, often process and select 50 kind balls at random, steep in the flowerpot alms bowl of certain depth of water, record is bloomed number, and finally accumulative 50 strains are bloomed sum.To bloom increase (%)=(difference mixes fertile process flower taro number-control treatment flower taro number) × 100 ÷ control treatment flower taro numbers than contrast;
(2) bulblet not to be mixed fertilizer (contrast) and different-grain diameter powder and mixes fertile process and plant by turmeric on August 20, and it is fertile that growing period chases after breading body, and the process of topdressing comprises: slit ditch, broadcast application, earthing and water.After November 20 results, respectively balling-up and bead are selected separately, balling-up can be cultivated and to bloom spring, and bead Second Year is cultivated again.(%)=(difference mixes fertile process balling-up number-control treatment balling-up number) × 100 ÷ control treatment flower balling-up number is increased than contrast balling-up;
(3) gladiolus March 25 gladiolus balling-up is mixed fertile process plant by not mixed fertilizer (contrast) and different-grain diameter powder.It is fertile that growing period chases after breading body, and the process of topdressing comprises: slit ditch, broadcast application, earthing and water.Often process and select 100 strains as test sample book at random, to treat on scape that first petal is bloomed and start to gather in scape.Press petal with hand, the real petal number of number, finally petal number on accumulative all 100 strain scapes, calculate real petal number (%)=(difference mixes the real petal number of fertile process real petal number-control treatment) the real petal number of × 100 ÷ control treatment increased than contrast;
(4) Cyclamen persicum March 15 seed of germination is mixed fertile process cultivate by not mixed fertilizer (contrast) and different-grain diameter powder.It is fertile that growing period chases after breading body, and the process of topdressing comprises: slit ditch, broadcast application, earthing and water.January 20, the flowers are in blossom begins from first, and often 50 strain number flower numbers are randomly drawed in process, until May 2 bloomed end.(%)=(difference mixes fertile process flower number-control treatment flower number) × 100 ÷ control treatment flower numbers are increased than contrast flower.
The large, medium and small three kinds of hybrid microscale particle diameter powders of the different flowers of table 23. mix fertile process to be affected flower characteristic
Table 23 is visible, and large, medium and small three kinds of micro-powder materials of different distributions are mixed fertilizer and processed visible to different flower characteristic impact effect, and 4 kinds of all fertilizer process consistent qualities of mixing of flowers all increase substantially.Visible, micro-powder material has showed good application prospect on flowers.
Claims (6)
1. the application of non-water-soluble solid micro-powder, is characterized in that: described in be applied as described powder to mix with plant seed and carry out dressing seed or described powder and fertilizer being puddled as base manure or the application of using of topdressing;
Described application can promote plant to the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and/or potassium, improves plant biomass and improve plant quality;
The particle diameter of described powder is 2.5-50 μm;
The material forming described powder is selected from least one in sedimentogeneous rock, volcanics, metamorphosed rock, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesiumcarbonate, ferric oxide, Z 250, pyrite, rhombohedral iron ore, magnetite, biological carbon, graphite, carbon black, brown coal, Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL), zeolite, Attapulgite, mica, zinc oxide, cupric oxide, quartz sand and Manganse Dioxide;
Describedly mixed by described powder in the application carrying out dressing seed with plant seed, the mass ratio of powder and plant seed is 0.001-5:100;
Describedly mixed with plant seed by described powder in the application carrying out dressing seed, seed dressing comprises the steps:
Clear water soaks seed controlled water after 0.5-24 hour, but kept seed coat moist, was then mixed with the seed of plant by powder by proportioning, made described powder evenly be attached to the epidermis of every seed;
Describedly described powder and fertilizer are puddled as in the application that base manure or topdress is used, fertilizer is selected from least one in single element fertilizer, Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, fertilizer, micro-fertilizer, bacterial manure and water soluble fertilizer;
The mass ratio of described powder and fertilizer is 0.01-10:100.
2. application according to claim 1, is characterized in that: describedly mixed by described powder in the application carrying out dressing seed with plant seed, and the mass ratio of powder and plant seed is 0.005-4.85:100.
3. application according to claim 1, is characterized in that: describedly described powder and fertilizer are puddled as in the application that base manure or topdress is used, and the mass ratio of described powder and fertilizer is 0.05-4.75:100.
4. application according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described plant is selected from least one in farm crop, vegetables and flowers.
5. application according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described farm crop are corn, wheat, peanut or soybean;
Described vegetables are tomato, celery or spinach;
Described flowers are narcissus, turmeric, gladiolus or Cyclamen persicum.
6., according to the arbitrary described application of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: the described plant quality that improves is:
1) at least one in Vc, soluble sugar and the soluble protein content in vegetables edible portion is improved;
2) at least one in the colored taro number of flowers, flowering rate and real petal number is improved;
3) at least one in the acidity of plant edible portion and nitrate content is reduced.
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