HRP20030622A2 - Track cover - Google Patents
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- HRP20030622A2 HRP20030622A2 HR20030622A HRP20030622A HRP20030622A2 HR P20030622 A2 HRP20030622 A2 HR P20030622A2 HR 20030622 A HR20030622 A HR 20030622A HR P20030622 A HRP20030622 A HR P20030622A HR P20030622 A2 HRP20030622 A2 HR P20030622A2
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- Croatia
- Prior art keywords
- supporting
- blocks
- elements
- positioning
- track
- Prior art date
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- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B19/00—Protection of permanent way against development of dust or against the effect of wind, sun, frost, or corrosion; Means to reduce development of noise
- E01B19/003—Means for reducing the development or propagation of noise
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
- E01C9/04—Pavings for railroad level-crossings
Abstract
Description
Izum se odnosi na pokrov kolosijeka s pokrovnim elementima umetnutim između dviju tračnica kolosijeka, koji su u biti oblikovani kao ravna ploha, i u datom slučaju također s izvana na ove tračnice priključujuće položenim, isto tako gore u biti kao ravna ploha oblikovanim pokrovnim elementima, koji se pokrovni elementi gledani u uzdužnom smjeru kolosijeka, pružaju preko više susjednih pragova kolosijeka, a iznad ovih pragova i posteljice pragova smješteni su na vertikalnom razmaku od pragova i posteljice pragova kolosijeka, kod čega se vlastita težina pokrovnih elemenata umetnutih između tračnica, i opterećenja koja na to moguće djeluju, prenose samo na obje tračnice pomoću potpornih noseva koji zahvaćaju u postrana udubljenja tračnica. The invention relates to a track cover with cover elements inserted between two rails of the track, which are essentially shaped as a flat surface, and in the given case also from the outside connecting to these rails laid, also above, essentially as a flat surface shaped cover elements, which are cover elements, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the track, extend over several adjacent sleepers, and above these sleepers and sleepers are placed at a vertical distance from the sleepers and the bed of the track sleepers, where the own weight of the cover elements inserted between the rails, and the loads that apply to it possibly working, they are transmitted only to both rails by means of supporting noses that engage in the side recesses of the rails.
Pokrovi kolosijeka prethodno navedene vrste se često predviđaju, da bi kod kolosijeka ili kod kolosiječnog postrojenja stvorili saobraćajnu plohu po kojoj se može voziti ili koja je prohodna, a koja leži u razini tračnica. Pritom se može raditi na pr. o cestovnim prijelazima u razini tračnica ili također o prometnim plohama po kojima mogu voziti cestovna vozila i koje se istovremeno miješaju s kolosijecima u većim tvorničkim krugovima ili skladištima. Pokrovi kolosijeka mogu također pri odgovarajućoj izvedbi pokrovnih elemenata biti predviđeni za to, da smanje emisiju buke koja nastaje od šinskih vozila kod vožnje po kolosijeku. Track covers of the above-mentioned type are often provided in order to create a traffic surface that can be driven on or is passable, which lies at the level of the rails, at the track or at the track installation. At the same time, it is possible to do, for example, on road crossings at rail level or also on traffic areas on which road vehicles can drive and which at the same time mix with tracks in larger factory circles or warehouses. The track covers can also, with the appropriate design of the cover elements, be designed to reduce the noise emission caused by rail vehicles when driving on the track.
Princip o kojem se radi kod pokrova kolosijeka uvodno spomenute vrste, da se pokrovni elementi smještaju na vertikalnom razmaku od pragova i posteljice pragova kolosijeka iznad ovih pragova i posteljice pragova, i da se vlastita težina pokrovnih elemenata kao i moguća opterećenja koja djeluju na ove elemente, prenosi preko potpornih noseva samo na tračnice kolosijeka, tako da nastaje od pragova i posteljice pragova neovisno samonosivo premoštenje prostora koji leži između obje tračnice kolosijeka, od bitnog je značenja za postizanje dobrih pogonskih svojstava kolosijeka i za održavanje ovih pogonskih svojstava kroz dulji vremenski period. Na kolosijek djeluju znatna dinamička opterećenja od vozila koja prometuju u području pokrova kolosijeka, i to osobito od šinskih vozila. Pritom elastična svojstva kolosijeka, koja su u velikoj mjeri određena pragovima i njihovim posteljicama, ne bi po mogućnosti trebala biti promijenjena ili bi trebala biti samo malo promijenjena pokrovom kolosijeka. Time, što su pokrovni elementi smješteni na vertikalnom razmaku iznad pragova i posteljice pragova, u velikoj mjeri se eliminira negativni utjecaj pokrova kolosijeka na elastičnost kolosijeka. The principle involved in the track cover of the type mentioned in the introduction is that the cover elements are placed at a vertical distance from the sleepers and the bed of the track sleepers above these sleepers and the bed of the sleepers, and that the own weight of the cover elements as well as the possible loads acting on these elements, is transmitted via the supporting noses only to the track rails, so that the sleepers and the sleeper bed form an independent self-supporting bridging of the space lying between both track rails, which is of essential importance for achieving good driving properties of the track and for maintaining these driving properties over a longer period of time. The track is subjected to significant dynamic loads from vehicles operating in the area of the track cover, especially from rail vehicles. At the same time, the elastic properties of the track, which are largely determined by the sleepers and their beds, should preferably not be changed or should be only slightly changed by the track cover. The fact that the cover elements are placed at a vertical distance above the sleepers and sleepers, largely eliminates the negative influence of the track cover on the elasticity of the track.
Kod pokrova kolosijeka uvodno spomenute vrste, postrano na pokrovne elemente oblikovani su potporni nosevi, koji zahvaćaju u postrana udubljenja tračnica, većinom nazvana "prostori za spajanje". Da bi se izbjeglo nalijeganje pokrovnih elemenata na pričvrsne elemente tračnica, koji su predviđeni na pojedinačnim pragovima kolosijeka i strše uvis više od ruba nožice tračnice, pokrovni elementi opremljeni su s udubljenjima, koja su smještena odgovarajuće razmaku pragova i oslobađaju prostor za pričvrsne elemente tračnica. Pokrovni elementi koji su prethodno proizvedeni u serijskoj proizvodnji, zahtijevaju u skladu s tim, da su pragovi kolosijeka u području pokrova kolosijeka položeni na jednakim razmacima. Ovaj uvjet često nije zadovoljen kod postojećih kolosijeka, a u mnogim slučajevima i kod kolosiječnih postrojenja koje treba iznova postaviti, ovaj se uvjet ne može uzeti u obzir iz In the case of track covers of the type mentioned in the introduction, supporting noses are formed on the side of the cover elements, which engage in the side recesses of the rails, mostly called "joining spaces". In order to avoid the contact of the covering elements on the fastening elements of the rails, which are provided on the individual sleepers of the track and protrude higher than the edge of the rail foot, the covering elements are equipped with recesses, which are located according to the spacing of the sleepers and free up space for the fastening elements of the rails. Covering elements that were previously produced in series production require, accordingly, that the track sleepers in the area of the track cover are laid at equal intervals. This condition is often not met with existing tracks, and in many cases also with track facilities that need to be installed anew, this condition cannot be taken into account from
građevinskih i konstruktivnih razloga. construction and constructive reasons.
Cilj je ovog izuma, da stvori pokrov kolosijeka uvodno spomenute vrste, koji se na jednostavan način može predvidjeti i kod kolosijeka, kod kojih pragovi nisu položeni na međusobno potpuno jednakim razmacima. The goal of this invention is to create a track cover of the type mentioned in the introduction, which can be easily provided for tracks where the sleepers are not laid at exactly equal distances.
Pokrov kolosijeka uvodno spomenute vrste, koji je izveden u skladu s izumom, je naznačen time, da pokrovni elementi leže na nosivim elementima, koji su, protežući se u smjeru pragova, uvijek smješteni iznad međuprostora između susjednih pragova i svaki je oblikovan od dva bloka za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, koji su spojeni dugačkom vezicom, koji blokovi za podupiranje i pozicioniranje gledani u uzdužnom smjeru kolosijeka imaju dimenziju, koja najviše odgovara svjetlom razmaku između pričvršćenja tračnica koja se nalaze na susjednim pragovima, koji blokovi za podupiranje i pozicioniranje nadalje imaju na svojim stranama okrenutim prema tračnicama, potporne noseve za zahvaćanje u postrana udubljenja tračnica, kod čega su blokovi za podupiranje i pozicioniranje duljinom vezice predviđene u dotičnom nosivom elementu, a koja je duljina podešena na dimenzije kolosijeka u smjeru pragova, pozicionirani za zahvat potpornih noseva u susjedno udubljenje pridružene tračnice, i da su pokrovni elementi koji leže na nosivim elementima, na blokovima za podupiranje i pozicioniranje nosivih elemenata osigurani protiv postranog pomicanja oblikom zahvata, a pokrovni se elementi umetnuti između tračnica, time što u smjeru pragova djelomično prekrivaju blokove za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, pružaju do pružnih žlijebova kolosijeka, a u datom slučaju pokrovni elementi koji se nalaze na vanjskoj strani tračnica, pružaju se do u neposrednu blizinu tračnica. Ovom izvedbom može se na građevinski jednostavan način dobro odgovoriti prethodno navedenom postavljanju cilja. Nosivi elementi mogu odgovarajuće uvijek stvarno postavljenom položaju pragova kolosijeka biti smješteni iznad međuprostora između susjednih pragova, kod čega nije potrebno, da su pragovi kolosijeka ekvidistantno položeni. Pozicioniranje pokrovnih elemenata nije nužno vezano na položaj pragova, odnosno na položaj pričvrsnih elemenata tračnica koji se nalaze na pragovima. Varira li razmak pragova za srednju vrijednost, gledajući uzdužno protezanje kolosijeka, kao što ovo može biti slučaj kada su pri polaganju pragova nastala veća dopuštena odstupanja, mogu se u pravilu primjenjivati pokrovni elementi s međusobno jednakim uzdužnim dimenzijama. Budući da duljina i oblik pokrovnih elemenata nije neposredno vezana na razmake koji se nalaze između susjednih pragova kolosijeka, može se u slučaju potrebe, pokrovne ploče, koje su prethodno proizvedene sa standardiziranom duljinom, također na jednostavan način skratiti po njihovoj duljini i na takav način prilagoditi datostima koje su prisutne na predviđenom mjestu ugradnje. Budući da kod pokrova kolosijeka oblikovanog prema izumu više nije potrebna koordinacija oblika pokrovnih elemenata s položajem pragova i pričvrsnih elemenata tračnica, koja je potrebna kod poznatih pokrova kolosijeka uvodno spomenute vrste, kod pokrova kolosijeka oblikovanog prema izumu pokrovni elementi mogu biti razmjerno jednostavno oblikovani i također mogu na svojoj cijeloj duljini imati presjek koji ostaje jednak, dakle mogu tvoriti odsječke profilirane trake, što omogućuje osobito jednostavnu i jeftinu proizvodnju. Tako se na vrlo jednostavan način odgovarajućim razdjelnim sekcijama može pripremiti pokrovne elemente različite duljine i time bez problema odgovoriti mnogostrukim datostima, koje rezultiraju iz međusobno različitih razmaka pragova. The track cover of the type mentioned in the introduction, which is made in accordance with the invention, is indicated by the fact that the cover elements lie on the load-bearing elements, which, extending in the direction of the sleepers, are always located above the intermediate space between adjacent sleepers and each is formed of two blocks for supporting and positioning, which are connected by a long tie, which blocks for supporting and positioning viewed in the longitudinal direction of the track have a dimension that best corresponds to the clear distance between the attachment of rails located on adjacent sleepers, which blocks for supporting and positioning further have on their sides facing the rails, the support noses for engagement in the lateral depressions of the rails, in which the blocks for supporting and positioning with the length of the tie provided in the respective supporting element, which length is adjusted to the dimensions of the track in the direction of the sleepers, are positioned for the engagement of the support noses in the adjacent depression of the associated rails, and that the cover el elements that lie on the load-bearing elements, on the blocks for supporting and positioning the load-bearing elements are secured against lateral movement by the shape of the grip, and the covering elements inserted between the rails, by partially covering the blocks for supporting and positioning in the direction of the sleepers, extend to the longitudinal grooves of the track, and in in a given case, the covering elements located on the outside of the rails extend to the immediate vicinity of the rails. With this performance, it is possible to respond well to the aforementioned goal setting in a simple constructional way. Bearing elements can always be placed above the intermediate space between adjacent sleepers in accordance with the actual position of the sleepers, in which case it is not necessary that the sleepers are equidistantly laid. The positioning of the cover elements is not necessarily related to the position of the thresholds, that is, to the position of the fastening elements of the rails located on the thresholds. If the spacing of the sleepers varies by the mean value, looking at the longitudinal extension of the track, as this may be the case when greater permissible deviations occurred during the laying of the sleepers, cover elements with mutually equal longitudinal dimensions can be applied as a rule. Since the length and shape of the covering elements is not directly related to the distances between adjacent track sleepers, if necessary, the covering panels, which were previously produced with a standardized length, can also be shortened in a simple way by their length and adjusted in this way data that are present at the intended installation location. Since with the track cover designed according to the invention it is no longer necessary to coordinate the shape of the cover elements with the position of the thresholds and rail fastening elements, which is required in known track covers of the type mentioned in the introduction, with the track cover designed according to the invention the cover elements can be relatively simply shaped and can also have a cross-section that remains the same over its entire length, so they can form sections of profiled strips, which enables particularly simple and cheap production. Thus, it is possible to prepare cover elements of different lengths in a very simple way with the appropriate dividing sections and thus respond without problems to multiple data points, which result from mutually different threshold spacings.
Kod pokrova kolosijeka treba pokrovnim elementima većinom prekriti ne samo prostor koji se nalazi između obje tračnice kolosijeka, nego također treba pokrovnim elementima prekriti površinske trake koje se izvana priključuju s obje strane na tračnice. Analogno samonosivo oblikovanom pokrovu prostora koji se nalazi između obje tračnice kolosijeka, kod pokrova obje zonske trake koje se izvana priključuju na tračnice kolosijeka, predviđeni su također nosivi elementi, koji su, pružajući se u smjeru pragova, samonosivo smješteni uvijek iznad međuprostora između susjednih pragova i oblikovani su od po dva bloka za podupiranje i pozicioniranje spojenih dugačkom vezicom, na kojim nosivim elementima tada leže pokrovni elementi. Blokovi za podupiranje i pozicioniranje sa strane tračnica imaju potporne noseve i ovim potpornim nosevima, koji zahvaćaju u postrana udubljenja tračnica, uležišteni su na tračnicama; elementi za podupiranje i pozicioniranje koji se nalaze na od tračnica daljem kraju nosivih elemenata, smješteni su na temeljima, kod čega su prvenstveno ovi blokovi za podupiranje i pozicioniranje smješteni dalje od tračnica, u zajedničkom djelovanju s navedenim temeljima osigurani protiv pomicanja. In the case of track covers, not only the space between both rails of the track should be covered with cover elements, but also the surface strips that are connected to the rails on both sides from the outside should be covered with cover elements. Analogous to the self-supporting shaped cover of the space located between both track rails, in the case of the cover of both zone strips that connect to the track rails from the outside, load-bearing elements are also provided, which, extending in the direction of the sleepers, are always self-supporting above the intermediate space between adjacent sleepers and they are formed from two blocks each for supporting and positioning connected by a long string, on which load-bearing elements the covering elements then lie. The blocks for supporting and positioning on the side of the rails have supporting noses and with these supporting noses, which engage in the side recesses of the rails, they are seated on the rails; the supporting and positioning elements located at the end of the load-bearing elements further from the rails are located on the foundations, where primarily these supporting and positioning blocks are located away from the rails, in joint action with the mentioned foundations, secured against movement.
Pokrovni elementi imaju većinom oblik u biti zatvorenih ploča, kod čega je u ovim svakako predviđeno nekoliko malih otvora, koji mogu na primjer služiti za stavljanje dizalica ili sličnog. Također je moguće predvidjeti pokrovne elemente u obliku rešetkastih roštilja, ako treba biti data mogućnost otjecanja bez problema tekućeg ili zrnatog materijala. Covering elements are mostly in the form of essentially closed panels, where several small openings are certainly provided in these, which can, for example, be used for placing cranes or the like. It is also possible to envisage covering elements in the form of grid grills, if the possibility of liquid or granular material should be given to run off without problems.
Time što pokrovni elementi koji leže na nosivim elementima raspoređeni između tračnica kolosijeka, dosežu do pružnih žlijebova kolosijeka, odnosno ograničuju pružne žlijebove s unutarnje strane i da se u datom slučaju na vanjskoj strani tračnica postavljeni pokrovni elementi pružaju do u neposrednu blizinu tračnica, izbjegnuto je nastajanje neželjenih otvora između susjednih blokova za podupiranje i pozicioniranje; takvi otvori bi se mogli pojaviti kao štetni kod vožnje po pokrovu vozilima, koja imaju uske kotače, i kod hodanja po pokrovu. By the fact that the covering elements lying on the load-bearing elements distributed between the track rails reach the rail grooves of the track, that is, they limit the rail grooves from the inside and that in the given case the covering elements placed on the outside of the rails extend to the immediate vicinity of the rails, the formation of unwanted openings between adjacent blocks for support and positioning; such openings could appear harmful when driving on the cover with vehicles, which have narrow wheels, and when walking on the cover.
U sastavljenom stanju pokrovni elementi, zajedno s nosivim elementima tvore stabilan sklop, kod kojeg u smjeru pragova između blokova za podupiranje i pozicioniranje s jedne strane postoje pokrovni elementi osigurani oblikom zahvata na blokovima za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, a s druge strane je ispod oblikovana dugačka vezica, predviđena između blokova za podupiranje i pozicioniranje. Blokovi za podupiranje i pozicioniranje preko svojih potpornih noseva prenose na tračnice vlastitu težinu ovog sklopa, koji se sastoji od pokrovnih elemenata i nosivih elemenata, kao i opterećenja, koja djeluju na ovaj sklop, kod čega se blokovi za podupiranje i pozicioniranje brinu s jedne strane za pozicioniranje ovog sklopa u kolosijeku i s druge strane za pozicioniranje pokrovnih elemenata na nosivim elementima. In the assembled state, the cover elements, together with the load-bearing elements, form a stable assembly, where in the direction of the sills between the blocks for supporting and positioning, on the one hand, there are cover elements secured by the shape of the grip on the blocks for supporting and positioning, and on the other side, a long tie is formed underneath, provided between the supporting and positioning blocks. The supporting and positioning blocks, via their supporting noses, transfer to the rails the own weight of this assembly, which consists of covering elements and load-bearing elements, as well as the loads acting on this assembly, where the supporting and positioning blocks take care on the one hand of positioning of this assembly in the track and on the other side for positioning of cover elements on load-bearing elements.
Kao materijal za pokrovne elemente i također za blokove za podupiranje i pozicioniranje u obzir dolazi prvenstveno beton ili vezivi materijal koji je sličan betonu od zrnate smjese i veziva. U ovim građevinskim dijelovima može se po želji predvidjeti i armatura. Kao vezivo u obzir dolaze cement i materijali koji su po svojim svojstvima slični cementu, kao i umjetni materijali različite vrste, kod čega umjetni materijali, kao na pr. poliester, mogu biti jedina veziva, ili mogu također služiti za modificiranje ili dopunu veziva, koje je primarno zasnovano na cementu ili na materijalu sličnom cementu. Za tvorbu veziva može se međusobno kombinirati više umjetnih materijala i isto tako može se kombinirati više tvari iz skupine cementa i cementu sličnih materijala. Ako se treba postići ponašanje pokrova kolosijeka koje prigušuje buku, odnosno apsorbira buku, pogodno se predviđa, da se čestice koje su prisutne u vezivnom materijalu od kojeg su oblikovani pokrovni elementi, sastoje od lakog građevinskog materijala, osobito od poroznog lakog građevinskog materijala. Pogodni materijali su pritom na pr. granulati umjetnog materijala, zrnate čestice troske, kuglaste i pečene, ekspandirane čestice glinice i slični pečeni prirodni ili umjetno proizvedeni materijali, kod čega u obzir dolaze također smjese takvih različitih materijala u obliku čestica. Vlaknaste čestice mogu također same ili zajedno s drugim česticama tvoriti smjesu. Radi povećanja rubne čvrstoće pokrovnih elemenata i/ili radi povećanja nosivosti istih i također za postizanje prednosti kod prozvodnje i rukovanja istim može se po želji ove elemente opremiti također okvirom koji se sastoji od metala ili umjetnog materijala. Blokovi za podupiranje i pozicioniranje mogu se također u cjelini ili djelomično (potporni nosevi) proizvesti od umjetnog materijala, kod čega u obzir dolaze i termoplasti ili duroplasti, kao i elastomeri. Primjenom elastomera postiže se prednost u pogledu prigušivanja udaraca i također u pogledu olakšavanja kod montaže pokrova. Nadalje je povoljno, da se pokrovni elementi i/ili blokovi za podupiranje i pozicioniranje opreme armaturom. U zadnjem je slučaju pogodno, da se armatura pruža do u potporne noseve. As a material for the covering elements and also for the blocks for supporting and positioning, concrete or a binding material similar to granular mixture and binding material comes into consideration. If desired, reinforcement can be provided in these construction parts. As a binder, cement and materials that are similar in their properties to cement, as well as artificial materials of different types, where artificial materials, such as e.g. polyester, they can be the only binders, or they can also serve to modify or supplement the binder, which is primarily based on cement or a material similar to cement. Several artificial materials can be combined with each other to create a binder, and several substances from the group of cement and cement-like materials can also be combined. If the noise-absorbing behavior of the track cover is to be achieved, it is conveniently foreseen that the particles present in the binding material from which the cover elements are formed consist of light construction material, especially porous light construction material. Suitable materials are e.g. artificial material granules, granular slag particles, spherical and baked, expanded alumina particles and similar baked natural or artificially produced materials, where mixtures of such different materials in the form of particles also come into consideration. Fibrous particles can also form a mixture alone or together with other particles. In order to increase the edge strength of the covering elements and/or to increase their bearing capacity and also to achieve advantages in production and handling of the same, these elements can also be equipped with a frame consisting of metal or artificial material if desired. Blocks for supporting and positioning can also be produced in whole or in part (support noses) from artificial material, which includes thermoplastics or duroplastics, as well as elastomers. The application of elastomer provides an advantage in terms of shock absorption and also in terms of facilitating the assembly of the cover. Furthermore, it is advantageous to equip the cover elements and/or blocks for supporting and positioning with reinforcement. In the latter case, it is convenient for the reinforcement to extend to the supporting noses.
Kod pokrova kolosijeka izrađenog prema izumu, značajnim se pokazuje dobro spajanje pokrovnih elemenata s nosivim elementima, kod čega se s ovim spajanjem treba rukovati bez poteškoća i kod ugradnje pokrova kolosijeka i također kod demontaže, koja može biti potrebna za radove održavanja, a ovo spajanje treba imati dobru dugoročnu stabilnost i treba biti u stanju, da u slučaju potrebe prenosi veća opterećenja. Pomoću zahvata oblikom pokrovnih elemenata s blokovima za podupiranje i pozicioniranje nastaje dobro fiksiranje u postranom smjeru. Protiv odizanja pokrovnih elemenata dostaje u mnogim slučajevima vlastita težina istih i u datom slučaju napon površine, koji se može postići utiskivanjem pokrovnih elemenata. Nadopunjujuće tome, i s prednostima kod montaže i demontaže, može se predvidjeti, da je spajanje pokrovnih elemenata s nosivim elementima opremljeno pridržnim ili sigurnosnim svornjacima. Ovi pridržni ili sigurnosni svornjaci mogu na pr. biti opremljeni vijčanim narezima ili mogu biti oblikovani kao utični svornjaci. In the track cover made according to the invention, a good connection of the cover elements with the load-bearing elements is significant, in which case this connection should be handled without difficulty both during the installation of the track cover and also during disassembly, which may be required for maintenance work, and this connection should have good long-term stability and should be able to carry larger loads if necessary. By means of the engagement with the shape of the cover elements with blocks for support and positioning, a good fixation is created in the lateral direction. In many cases, the self-weight of the covering elements is sufficient against the lifting of the covering elements, and in the given case the surface tension, which can be achieved by pressing the covering elements. In addition to this, and with the advantages of assembly and disassembly, it can be foreseen that the connection of the cover elements with the load-bearing elements is equipped with retaining or safety bolts. These retaining or safety bolts can e.g. be equipped with screw threads or may be shaped as socket studs.
Za postizanje dobre povezanosti pokrovnih elemenata i nosivih elemenata, koja djeluje i u vertikalnom smjeru pogodno je ako se predvidi, da blokovi za podupiranje i pozicioniranje nosivih elemenata na mjestima spajanja s pokrovnim elementima imaju stražnje ureze, u koje zahvaćaju tome odgovarajuće oblikovane zone pokrovnih elemenata. Tako se može postići spomenuta dobra povezanost na građevinski jednostavan način i jednostavnim rukovanjem već kod spajanja pokrovnih ploča s nosivim elementima. In order to achieve a good connection between the cover elements and the load-bearing elements, which also works in the vertical direction, it is convenient if it is foreseen that the blocks for supporting and positioning the load-bearing elements at the points of connection with the cover elements have rear notches, into which the correspondingly shaped zones of the cover elements engage. Thus, the aforementioned good connection can be achieved in a constructionally simple way and with simple handling already when connecting the cover plates to the load-bearing elements.
Za dobar prijenos opterećenja koja djeluju na pokrovne elemente, na nosive elemente i za postizanje statički povoljne raspodjele opterećenja, koja se također pogodno odražava na stabilnost u slučaju opterećenja, od prednosti je, ako se predvidi, da su blokovi za podupiranje i pozicioniranje na svojoj strani koja je odmaknuta od dotične tračnice, odozgo stepenasti na način preklopa, da su pokrovni elementi na svojim rubovima okrenutim blokovima za podupiranje i pozicioniranje odgovarajuće blokovima za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, odozdo stepenasti na način preklopa i da pokrovni elementi leže na stepenici oblikovanoj na blokovima za podupiranje i pozicioniranje. Kod toga, uslijed stepenovanja dani pomak prijenosa opterećenja pokrovnih elemenata-nosivih elemenata prema unutra povećava opteretivost pokrovnih elemenata ili kod unaprijed zadane opteretivosti daje prednosti kod njihovog dimenzioniranja. For a good transfer of the loads acting on the cover elements, on the load-bearing elements and to achieve a statically favorable load distribution, which is also favorably reflected in the stability in case of loading, it is advantageous, if it is foreseen, that the blocks for supporting and positioning are on their side which is offset from the rail in question, stepped from above in the manner of a fold, that the covering elements are on their edges facing the supporting and positioning blocks corresponding to the blocks for supporting and positioning, stepped from below in the manner of folding and that the covering elements lie on the step formed on the supporting blocks and positioning. In this case, as a result of the grading, the given displacement of the load transfer of the cover elements-bearing elements inwards increases the loadability of the cover elements or, with a predetermined loadability, gives advantages in their dimensioning.
Nadalje je povoljno ako se predvidi, da je na mjestima spajanja pokrovnih elemenata s dotičnim blokovima za podupiranje i pozicioniranje između pokrovnih elemenata i navedenih blokova umetnuta profilirana traka od mekanog elastičnog materijala, osobito od elastomera. Takav izvedbeni oblik pokrova kolosijeka izrađen prema izumu olakšava rukovanje pri spajanju pokrovnih elemenata s nosivim elementima i također kod vožnje po kolosijeku smanjuje emitiranu buku, budući da se prijenos vibracija od tračnica na pokrovne elemente izrazito smanjuje profiliranom trakom od mekanog elastičnog materijala. Furthermore, it is advantageous if it is foreseen that a profiled strip of soft elastic material, especially of elastomer, is inserted at the points of connection of the cover elements with the relevant blocks for support and positioning between the cover elements and said blocks. Such an embodiment of the track cover made according to the invention facilitates handling when connecting the cover elements to the load-bearing elements and also reduces the emitted noise when driving on the track, since the transmission of vibrations from the rails to the cover elements is significantly reduced by the profiled strip of soft elastic material.
U pogledu izvedbe nosivih elemenata, predviđa se pogodni izvedbeni oblik pokrova kolosijeka prema izumu, da su vezice blokova za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, koje su predviđene kod pojedinačnih nosivih elemenata, oblikovane od najmanje jedne šipke ili ploče koja se proteže od jednog od ovih blokova do drugog od ovih blokova. Vezice predviđene kod pojedinačnih nosivih elemenata se tako mogu realizirati uz malu potrebu za prostorom i na taj način stoji na raspolaganju razmjerno mnogo prostora za stabilnu konstrukciju jakih stijenki pokrovnih elemenata, što je osobito od prednosti za postizanje velike opteretivosti. Nadalje, mala potreba za prostorom vezica oblikovanih kao šipke u nosivim elementima, omogućuje zadržavanje nosivih elemenata u kolosijeku kod kasnijih radova na održavanju kolosijeka, na pr. kod naknadnog zbijanja posteljice kolosijeka. Za manipulaciju ugradnje nosivih elemenata je nadalje od prednosti, ako je dotična šipka ili ploča elastično savitljivo oblikovana. Oblikovanje šipki ili ploča od umjetnog materijala, koji je ojačan vlaknom ili je od čelika, dopušta da se uz mali trošak proizvodnje postigne visoka čvrstoća i dobra stabilnost kroz dugo vrijeme. Također je povoljno, ako šipke ili ploče, tvoreći armaturu, sežu do u potporne noseve blokova za podupiranje i pozicioniranje. With regard to the performance of the load-bearing elements, a suitable embodiment of the track cover according to the invention is provided, that the ties of the supporting and positioning blocks, which are provided for the individual load-bearing elements, are formed from at least one bar or plate that extends from one of these blocks to the other of these blocks. Ties provided for individual load-bearing elements can thus be realized with a small need for space, and in this way a relatively large amount of space is available for the stable construction of the strong walls of the covering elements, which is particularly advantageous for achieving high load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, the small need for space for ties shaped like rods in load-bearing elements enables the load-bearing elements to be kept in the track during later track maintenance works, e.g. during subsequent compaction of the track bed. For the manipulation of the installation of load-bearing elements, it is also an advantage if the rod or plate in question has an elastically flexible design. Forming rods or plates from artificial material, which is reinforced with fiber or is made of steel, allows to achieve high strength and good stability over a long time with a low production cost. It is also advantageous if the bars or plates, forming the armature, reach into the support noses of the blocks for support and positioning.
Daljnji izvedbeni oblik pokrova kolosijeka izrađenog prema izumu, koji uz osobito jednostavno rukovanje dopušta ugradnju pokrova u kolosijek i moguću demontažu pokrova, je naznačen time, da su kod pojedinačnih nosivih elemenata predviđene vezice blokova za podupiranje i pozicioniranje oblikovane parom polušipki, kod čega je uvijek jedna polušipka jednog para povezana s jednim blokom za podupiranje i pozicioniranje jednog nosivog elementa, a druga polušipka ovog para s drugim blokom za podupiranje i pozicioniranje ovog nosivog elementa, a obje polušipke dotičnog para međusobno su povezane na način šarnira na svojim krajevima, koji su odmaknuti od blokova, kod čega šarnirni spoj s jedne strane tvori fiksni položaj, u kojem su obje polušipke međusobno poravnane u pravcu, a s druge strane dopušta pregib obje polušipke u položaj pod kutem. Ovaj izvedbeni oblik omogućuje, da se ugradnja nosivih elemenata u kolosijek poduzima na naročito jednostavan način, time što se nosivi elementi u kolosijek unose u pregibnutom položaju parova polušipki pod kutem, a zatim se polušipke pritiskuju u međusobno poravnani položaj u pravcu, kod čega se stavljanje pokrovnih elemenata na nosive elemente poduzima ili nakon što se polušipke već nalaze u međusobno poravnanom položaju u pravcu, ili se pokrovni elementi stavljaju tijekom izravnavajućeg pritiskanja polušipki i sastavljaju s nosivim elementima. Za posljednji način postupka pogodan je izvedbeni oblik, koji je naznačen time, da su na unutrašnjim stranama blokova za podupiranje i pozicioniranje predviđeni zupčasti izdanci, koji kod pokrovnih elemenata stavljenih na blokove za podupiranje i pozicioniranje nosivih elemenata zahvaćaju u postrane plohe pokrovnih elemenata, koje su postrane plohe oblikovane odgovarajuće ovim zupčastim izdancima, a protežu se u uzdužnom smjeru kolosijeka. Ovaj izvedbeni oblik daje također da se na jednostavan način postigne vrlo stabilan ležaj pokrovnih elemenata, koji je siguran protiv odizanja. A further embodiment of the track cover made according to the invention, which with particularly simple handling allows the installation of the cover in the track and the possible dismantling of the cover, is characterized by the fact that in the case of individual load-bearing elements, the ties of blocks for supporting and positioning are designed as a pair of half-bars, where one is always half-bar of one pair connected to one block for supporting and positioning one load-bearing element, and the other half-bar of this pair with another block for supporting and positioning this load-bearing element, and both half-bars of the respective pair are connected to each other in a hinged manner at their ends, which are offset from blocks, where the hinged joint on the one hand forms a fixed position, in which both half-bars are aligned with each other in a straight line, and on the other hand allows the bending of both half-bars into a position at an angle. This embodiment enables the installation of load-bearing elements into the track in a particularly simple way, by inserting the load-bearing elements into the track in a bent position of pairs of half-bars at an angle, and then the half-bars are pressed into a mutually aligned position in the direction of the cover elements on the load-bearing elements is undertaken either after the half-bars are already in a mutually aligned position in the direction, or the cover elements are placed during the leveling pressing of the half-bars and assembled with the load-bearing elements. For the last method of the procedure, an embodiment is suitable, which is indicated by the fact that on the inner sides of the blocks for supporting and positioning, toothed protrusions are provided, which, when the cover elements are placed on the blocks for supporting and positioning the load-bearing elements, engage in the side surfaces of the cover elements, which are side surfaces shaped accordingly by these toothed outgrowths, and extending in the longitudinal direction of the track. This embodiment also enables a very stable bearing of the cover elements to be achieved in a simple way, which is safe against lift-off.
Elastičnom potporom potpornih noseva, koji su predviđeni na blokovima za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, postiže se stabilan ležaj nosivih elemenata na tračnicama kolosijeka, koji ležaj kompenzira tolerance načina izvedbe, kod čega se u velikoj mjeri smanjuje i prijenos vibracija od tračnica kolosijeka na blokove za podupiranje i pozicioniranje. Pritom je izvedbeni oblik, kod kojeg se ugradnja nosivih elemenata u kolosijek može izvesti na osobito jednostavan način, naznačen time, da su između postranih udubljenja tračnica i potpornih noseva, predviđenih na blokovima za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, koji potporni nosevi uvijek zahvaćaju u dotična udubljenja, umetnuti potporni profili od elastično prigušujućeg materijala, osobito od elastomera. The elastic support of the supporting noses, which are provided on the supporting and positioning blocks, achieves a stable bearing of the load-bearing elements on the track rails, which compensates for the tolerances of the performance method, which greatly reduces the transmission of vibrations from the track rails to the supporting blocks and positioning. At the same time, the embodiment, in which the installation of load-bearing elements in the track can be carried out in a particularly simple way, is indicated by the fact that between the side recesses of the rails and the supporting noses, provided on the blocks for supporting and positioning, which the supporting noses always engage in the corresponding recesses, insert support profiles made of elastic damping material, especially elastomer.
Izum se sada dalje razjašnjava uzimajući u obzir izvedbene primjere, koji su na slikama crteža shematski prikazani. Crteži pokazuju: The invention is now further clarified by taking into account the implementation examples, which are shown schematically in the figures of the drawings. The drawings show:
Slika 1, pogled odozgo na kolosijek, opremljen izvedbenim oblikom pokrova kolosijeka, koji pokrov je oblikovan u skladu s izumom; Fig. 1, a top view of a track, equipped with an embodiment of a track cover, which cover is designed in accordance with the invention;
Slika 2, ovaj kolosijek u presjeku po liniji II-II na Slici 1, u uvećanom mjerilu, različitom od Slike 1; Figure 2, this track in section along the line II-II in Figure 1, in an enlarged scale, different from Figure 1;
Slika 3, također presjek okoline lijeve tračnice sa Slike 2, u još većem mjerilu; Figure 3, also a cross-section of the vicinity of the left rail from Figure 2, on an even larger scale;
Slike 4 do 8 pokazuju prikaz varijanti, analogno Slici 3; Figures 4 to 8 show variants, analogous to Figure 3;
Slike 9 i 10 pokazuju daljnji izvedbeni oblik u prikazu koji odgovara Slici 2, pri čemu Slika 9 prikazuje pokrov kolosijeka u stadiju ugradnje, a na Slici 10 je prikazan ovaj pokrov kolosijeka u gotovom, ugrađenom stanju. Na crtežu su u različitim likovima isti detalji označeni jednakim referentnim brojkama. Figures 9 and 10 show a further embodiment in a view corresponding to Figure 2, whereby Figure 9 shows the track cover in the stage of installation, and Figure 10 shows this track cover in the finished, installed state. In the drawing, the same details are marked with the same reference numbers in different characters.
Kod kolosijeka prikazanog na Slikama 1 do 3, koji je opremljen izvedbenim oblikom pokrova kolosijeka 1, oblikovanim u skladu s izumom, između obih tračnica 2, 3 kolosijeka 4, položeni su pokrovni elementi 5, a izvana su na ove tračnice 2, 3 priključujuće položeni pokrovni elementi 6. Pokrovni elementi 5, 6 su u biti na svojoj gornjoj strani oblikovani kao ravne plohe. Pokrovni elementi 5, 6 sjede na nosivim elementima 14, koji se pružaju u smjeru pragova 15 i uvijek su iznad međuprostora 16 smješteni između susjednih pragova 8 kolosijeka. Da bi se olakšalo pregled, na Slici 1 u odsječcima a i d prikazan je kolosijek 4 bez pokrova, u odsječku b kolosijek opremljen nosivim elementima 14, i u odsječku c kolosijek opremljen potpunim pokrovom, to znači, pokrovnim elementima 5, 6, stavljenim na nosive elemente 14. In the case of the track shown in Figures 1 to 3, which is equipped with an embodiment of the track cover 1, shaped in accordance with the invention, between the two rails 2, 3 of the track 4, cover elements 5 are laid, and outside these rails 2, 3 are laid connecting cover elements 6. Cover elements 5, 6 are essentially shaped as flat surfaces on their upper side. The cover elements 5, 6 sit on the load-bearing elements 14, which extend in the direction of the sleepers 15 and are always located above the intermediate space 16 between adjacent sleepers 8 of the track. To facilitate the inspection, in Figure 1, in sections a and d, the track 4 is shown without a cover, in section b the track equipped with load-bearing elements 14, and in section c the track equipped with a complete cover, that is, cover elements 5, 6, placed on the load-bearing elements 14 .
Pragovi 8 kolosijeka 4 smješteni su na različitim razmacima jedan od drugoga, kako to može proizlaziti kod konstrukcije željezničkog kolosijeka koji se izvodi s velikim tolerancama, ili kao što to rezultira iz specijalnih situacija kod komplicirano konfiguriranih kolosiječnih sekcija. The sleepers 8 of the track 4 are located at different distances from each other, as it may result in the construction of a railway track that is performed with large tolerances, or as it results from special situations in the case of complicatedly configured track sections.
Nosivi elementi 14, koji su uvijek preko međuprostora 16 smješteni između susjednih pragova 8, oblikovani su od po dva bloka 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, povezanih pomoću dugačke vezice 18, a gledani u uzdužnom smjeru 7 kolosijeka 4 ovi blokovi za podupiranje i pozicioniranje imaju dimenziju 19, koja najviše odgovara svijetlom razmaku 21 između učvršćenja za tračnice 20, koja se nalaze na susjednim pragovima 8. Blokovi 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje imaju na svojim stranama koje su okrenute tračnicama 2, 3, potporne noseve 11, za zahvaćanje u postrana udubljenja 10 tračnica 2, 3, a blokovi 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, su pomoću vezice 18 predviđene u dotičnom nosivom elementu 14, a koje je duljina usklađena na dimenzije kolosijeka u smjeru pragova 15, pozicionirani za zahvaćanje potpornih noseva 11 u uvijek susjedno udubljenje 10 uvijek pridruženih tračnica 2, 3. Pokrovni elementi 5, 6 sjede na blokovima 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje nosivih elemenata, a nosivi elementi 14 s na njima sjedećim pokrovnim elementima 5, 6 smješteni su iznad ovih pragova i posteljice pragova na vertikalnom razmaku od pragova 8 i posteljice pragova 9 kolosijeka, kod čega se vlastita težina pokrovnih elemenata 5 i nosivih elemenata 14, koji nose ove pokrovne elemente 5, kao i moguća djelujuća opterećenja, prenose samo na obje tračnice 2, 3 posredstvom potpornih noseva 11, koji zahvaćaju u postrana udubljenja tračnica 10, tako da je dano samonosivo premoštenje prostora koji postoji između obje tračnice 2, 3. Izvana, na tračnice 2, 3 kolosijeka priključujuće položeni pokrovni elementi 6 nasjedaju na analogan način kao pokrovni elementi 5 isto tako na nosivim elementima 14, kod čega blok 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje ovih nosivih elemenata zahvaća u susjednu tračnicu 2, odnosno 3 s potpornim nosom 11, a na strani ovih nosivih elemenata, koja je udaljenija od tračnica, predviđen je blok 17 za podupiranje odnosno pozicioniranje, koji je uležišten na postolju 23. Ovdje također pomoću pokrovnih elemenata spojenih s nosivim elementima, postoji samonosivo premoštenje prostora, koji postoje između tračnica 2, odnosno 3 kolosijeka i izvana smještenih postolja 23. The load-bearing elements 14, which are always located between adjacent thresholds 8 via an intermediate space 16, are formed from two blocks 17 each for supporting and positioning, connected by means of a long tie 18, and viewed in the longitudinal direction 7 of track 4, these blocks for supporting and positioning have the dimension 19, which best corresponds to the clear gap 21 between the fixings for the rails 20, which are located on the adjacent thresholds 8. The blocks 17 for supporting and positioning have on their sides that face the rails 2, 3, supporting noses 11, for engaging in the side recesses 10 the rail 2, 3, and the blocks 17 for supporting and positioning, are positioned by means of the tie 18 provided in the respective bearing element 14, the length of which is matched to the dimensions of the track in the direction of the sleepers 15, to engage the support noses 11 in the always adjacent recess 10 always associated rail 2, 3. Cover elements 5, 6 sit on blocks 17 for supporting and positioning load-bearing elements, and load-bearing e elements 14 with covering elements 5, 6 sitting on them are located above these sleepers and sleepers at a vertical distance from the sleepers 8 and sleepers 9 of the track, where the own weight of the cover elements 5 and load-bearing elements 14, which carry these cover elements 5 , as well as the possible acting loads, are transmitted only to both rails 2, 3 by means of supporting noses 11, which engage in the side recesses of the rails 10, so that a self-supporting bridging of the space that exists between both rails 2, 3 is provided. From the outside, on the rails 2, Covering elements 6 laid connecting 3 tracks sit in an analogous way as cover elements 5 also on bearing elements 14, where the block 17 for supporting and positioning these bearing elements engages in the adjacent rail 2 or 3 with the supporting nose 11, and on the side of these of the load-bearing elements, which is further away from the rails, a block 17 is provided for supporting or positioning, which is placed on the base 23. Here and also by means of covering elements connected to load-bearing elements, there is a self-supporting bridging of the space, which exists between the rails 2, that is, the 3 tracks and the externally located pedestals 23.
Za elastično podupiranje potpornih noseva 11 različitih nosivih elemenata, na tračnicama kolosijeka umetnuti su između postranih udubljenja 10 tračnica 2, 3 i potpornih noseva 11, potporni profili 12, koji se sastoje od elastično podatnog materijala, osobito od elastomera. Između blokova 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, koji su udaljeni od tračnica, nosivih elemenata koji nose pokrovne elemente 6, i postolja 23, umetnute su mekano elastične profilirane trake 13. For elastically supporting the support noses 11 of various load-bearing elements, support profiles 12, consisting of an elastically compliant material, especially elastomer, are inserted on the track rails between the side recesses 10 of the rails 2, 3 and the support noses 11. Soft elastic profiled strips 13 are inserted between the blocks 17 for supporting and positioning, which are distant from the rails, the load-bearing elements that carry the cover elements 6, and the base 23.
Pokrovni elementi 5, koji su smješteni između tračnica 2, 3, time što djelomično prekrivaju blokove 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje u smjeru pragova 15, dosežu do pružnog žlijeba 30 kolosijeka, a pokrovni elementi 6 koji se nalaze na vanjskoj strani tračnica 2, 3 dosežu do neposredne blizine tračnica 2, 3. Na taj se način izbjegava nastajanje nepoželjnih otvora u području tračnica. The cover elements 5, which are placed between the rails 2, 3, by partially covering the blocks 17 for supporting and positioning in the direction of the sleepers 15, reach the track groove 30, and the cover elements 6, which are located on the outside of the rails 2, 3, reach to the immediate vicinity of rails 2, 3. In this way, the creation of undesirable openings in the area of the rails is avoided.
Pokrovni elementi 5, 6 leže na gornjoj strani blokova 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje nosivih elemenata 14, koji su smješteni pod pokrovnim elementima, kod čega stepenasto oblikovani zahvat pokrovne elemente štiti od postranog pomicanja u odnosu na pridružene nosive elemente. Blokovi 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje nosivih elemenata 14 imaju nadalje na mjestima spajanja s pokrovnim elementima 5, 6 stražnje ureze 31, u koje zahvaćaju tome odgovarajuće oblikovane zone 32 pokrovnih elemenata 5, 6; time su pokrovni elementi 5, 6 osigurani i protiv odizanja od nosivih elemenata. The cover elements 5, 6 lie on the upper side of the blocks 17 for supporting and positioning the load-bearing elements 14, which are located under the cover elements, where the step-shaped grip of the cover element protects against lateral movement in relation to the associated load-bearing elements. The blocks 17 for supporting and positioning the load-bearing elements 14 also have, at the points of connection with the cover elements 5, 6, rear notches 31, into which the correspondingly shaped zones 32 of the cover elements 5, 6 engage; thus, the cover elements 5, 6 are also secured against lifting from the load-bearing elements.
Vezice 18 blokova 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, predviđene kod nosivih elemenata 14, oblikovane su kao šipka 33 koja vodi od jednog od blokova 17 do drugog od ovih blokova. Umjesto jedne takve šipke mogla bi se također predvidjeti tanka ploča. U pogodnom slučaju je ova šipka 33 ili umjesto nje predviđena ploča, elastično savitljivo oblikovana, čime se olakšava spajanje pokrovnih elemenata s nosivim elementima, budući da kod montaže tlačenjem pod visokim pritiskom sredine šipke 33, odnosno odgovarajuće ploče, mogu blokovi za podupiranje i pozicioniranje 17 koji imaju stražnje ureze, biti malo zakrenuti u smislu otvaranja stražnjih ureza, tako da se između stražnjih ureza 31 lako mogu umetnuti zone 32 pokrovnih elemenata, koje su oblikovane odgovarajuće stražnjim urezima, nakon čega se otpusti prethodno visoko podignuta sredina šipki 33 i stvori čvrsti zahvat između stražnjih ureza 31 i zona 32. Ties 18 of the blocks 17 for supporting and positioning, provided for the load-bearing elements 14, are shaped like a rod 33 leading from one of the blocks 17 to the other of these blocks. Instead of one such rod, a thin plate could also be provided. In a suitable case, this rod 33 or a plate provided instead of it, is elastically flexible, which facilitates the connection of the cover elements with the load-bearing elements, since during assembly by pressing under high pressure the center of the rod 33, i.e. the corresponding plate, can support and positioning blocks 17 which have back notches, be slightly rotated in the sense of opening the back notches, so that between the back notches 31, the zones 32 of the cover elements, which are shaped according to the back notches, can be easily inserted, after which the previously raised middle of the bars 33 is released and a tight grip is created between the rear notches 31 and zone 32.
U mnogim je slučajevima povoljno, odgovarajuće materijalima koji su predviđeni za pokrovne elemente 5, 6 i za blokove 17 nosivih elemenata 14, i zahtjevima postavljenim u dotičnom slučaju na ove elemente 5, 6, 14, kako je to naznačeno na Slici 3, da se u pokrovnim elementima 5 predvidi armatura 28 i/ili u pokrovnim elementima 6, armatura 29, i/ili u blokovima 17, armatura 39. Takve se armature mogu predvidjeti i kod drugih izvedbenih oblika, na pr. kod izvedbenih oblika, koji su prikazani na drugim slikama. Armature mogu biti izvedene na pr. u obliku šipki ili mreža od metala ili od umjetnih materijala, ili također mogu biti izvedene u obliku vlakana. Od armatura se često može i odustati. In many cases, it is advantageous, according to the materials provided for the cover elements 5, 6 and for the blocks 17 of the load-bearing elements 14, and the requirements placed in the respective case on these elements 5, 6, 14, as indicated in Figure 3, to in cover elements 5 provide reinforcement 28 and/or in cover elements 6, reinforcement 29, and/or in blocks 17, reinforcement 39. Such reinforcements can also be provided in other designs, e.g. in the case of embodiments, which are shown in other figures. Armatures can be made, e.g. in the form of rods or nets made of metal or artificial materials, or they can also be made in the form of fibers. Fittings can often be dispensed with.
Kod varijante koja je prikazana na Slici 4, blokovi 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje nosivih elemenata na svojoj strani, koja je odmaknuta od dotične tračnice, su stepenasti na način preklopa, tako da na ovim blokovima 17 preklopom 26 nastane stepenica 27, a pokrovni elementi 5, 6 su svojim rubovima okrenutim blokovima za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, odgovarajuće blokovima 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, stepenasti odozdo na način preklopa i leže na stepenici 27, oblikovanoj na blokovima 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje. Pritom u slučaju, koji je prikazan na Slici 4, nema stražnjeg ureza, a pokrovni elementi 5, 6 osigurani su protiv odizanja prema gore, pridržnim svornjacima 24, koji su na pr. opremljeni vijčanim narezima 25 i zahvaćaju u odgovarajući navoj matice, koji nije pobliže prikazan, ili u vijčani uložak u blokovima 17. Jedna varijanta toga su utični svornjaci. Počivanje pokrovnih elemenata 5, 6 na predviđenim stepenicama 27 blokova za podupiranje i pozicioniranje smanjuje raspon između ležajeva pokrovnih elemenata 6, radi čega se oni mogu više opteretiti i/ili se pri danoj opteretivosti mogu smanjeno dimenzionirati. In the variant shown in Figure 4, the blocks 17 for supporting and positioning the load-bearing elements on their side, which is removed from the respective rail, are stepped in the manner of a fold, so that a step 27 is formed on these blocks 17 by a fold 26, and the cover elements 5 , 6 with their edges facing the supporting and positioning blocks, corresponding to the supporting and positioning blocks 17, are stepped from below in the manner of a fold and lie on the step 27, formed on the supporting and positioning blocks 17. At the same time, in the case shown in Figure 4, there is no rear notch, and the cover elements 5, 6 are secured against lifting up, with holding bolts 24, which are, for example, equipped with screw threads 25 and engage in the corresponding thread of the nut, which is not shown in detail, or in the screw insert in the blocks 17. One variant of this is the socket bolts. Resting the cover elements 5, 6 on the provided steps 27 of the blocks for supporting and positioning reduces the range between the bearings of the cover elements 6, due to which they can be more loaded and/or can be reduced in size for a given load.
Kod varijante prikazane na Slici 5, izlaže se izvedba slična Slici 3, kod čega je međutim na mjestima spajanja pokrovnih elemenata 5, 6 s dotičnim blokovima 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, između pokrovnih elemenata 5, 6 i navedenih blokova 17, umetnuta profilirana traka 36 od mekanog elastičnog materijala, osobito od elastomera. Time se pojednostavljuje spajanje pokrovnih elemenata s nosivim elementima, a ovim profiliranim trakama se može poboljšati i ležaj pokrovnih elemenata na nosivim elementima. In the variant shown in Figure 5, a design similar to Figure 3 is presented, in which, however, at the points of connection of the cover elements 5, 6 with the relevant blocks 17 for supporting and positioning, between the cover elements 5, 6 and said blocks 17, a profiled strip 36 is inserted. of soft elastic material, especially elastomer. This simplifies the connection of cover elements with load-bearing elements, and the bearing of the cover elements on the load-bearing elements can be improved with these profiled strips.
Kod varijante prikazane na Slici 6, blokovi 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje oblikovani su u cjelini od umjetnog materijala, kod čega je za to osobito prikladan odgovarajuće oblikom stabilan elastomer. Šipke 33 koje tvore vezicu nosivih elemenata, dosežu do u potporne noseve 11 blokova 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje. U prikazanom slučaju pokrovni elementi 5, 6 leže jednostavno, bez stražnjeg ureza, na blokovima za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, kod čega se prijenos opterećanja dešava gore na blokovima 17, a postrano trenje između pokrovnih elemenata 5, 6 i blokova 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje dodatno vlastitoj težini pokrovnih elemenata 5, 6, osigurava ove protiv odizanja. U željenom slučaju se predviđa jedna armatura. In the case of the variant shown in Figure 6, the blocks 17 for supporting and positioning are formed entirely of artificial material, where a stable elastomer with a suitable shape is particularly suitable for this. The rods 33, which form a string of load-bearing elements, reach into the supporting noses 11 of the blocks 17 for support and positioning. In the case shown, the cover elements 5, 6 lie simply, without a rear notch, on the blocks for supporting and positioning, in which case the load transfer occurs above on the blocks 17, and the lateral friction between the cover elements 5, 6 and the blocks 17 for supporting and positioning additionally to the own weight of the cover elements 5, 6, ensures these against lifting. In the desired case, one reinforcement is foreseen.
Kod varijante prema Slici 7, geometrija zajedno djelujućih zona pokrovnih elemenata 5, 6 i blokova 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje nosivih elemenata 14, koji nose ove pokrovne elemente, izabrana je slično izvedbenom obliku prema Slici 3, kod čega međutim priključivanjem na postrane ureze 31 blokova 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, dotične unutrašnje postrane plohe ovih blokova 17 prolaze slobodno prema dolje, kod čega se u praksi većinom može postići jednostavnije rukovanje kod spajanja pokrovnih elemenata s nosivim elementima, tijekom čega zone 32 pokrovnih elemenata 5, 6 dolaze u zahvat sa stražnjim urezima 31 na blokovima 17. In the variant according to Figure 7, the geometry of the interacting zones of the cover elements 5, 6 and blocks 17 for supporting and positioning the load-bearing elements 14, which carry these cover elements, is chosen similar to the embodiment according to Figure 3, where, however, by connecting to the side notches 31 of the blocks 17 for supporting and positioning, the corresponding inner side surfaces of these blocks 17 pass freely downwards, in which case in practice it is mostly possible to achieve simpler handling when connecting the cover elements with the load-bearing elements, during which the zones 32 of the cover elements 5, 6 come into engagement with the rear notches 31 on blocks 17.
Kod varijante prikazane na Slici 8, opet se izlažu geometrijski slični odnosi, kao što je prikazano na Slici 3, kod čega su međutim stražnji urezi 31, gledano u poprečnom presjeku, polukružno oblikovani, što s jedne strane rezultira boljom stabilnošću i postojanošću zona 32, oblikovanih odgovarajuće stražnjim urezima, koje su zone na rubu pokrovnih elemenata 5, 6, a s druge strane se također olakšava tijek rada kod spajanja pokrovnih elemenata s nosivim elementima. In the variant shown in Figure 8, geometrically similar relationships are again exhibited, as shown in Figure 3, where, however, the rear notches 31, viewed in cross-section, are semicircular, which on the one hand results in better stability and durability of the zones 32, shaped with appropriate rear notches, which are the zones on the edge of the cover elements 5, 6, and on the other hand, the work flow when connecting the cover elements with the load-bearing elements is also facilitated.
Kod izvedbenog oblika prikazanog na Slici 9 i 10, pokrova kolosijeka u skladu s izumom, su nosivi elementi 14, koji su pridruženi pokrovnim elementima 5, razmještenim između tračnica 2, 3 kolosijeka, između blokova 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje opremljeni s vezicama 18, koje su oblikovane parovima polušipki 33a, 33b. Polušipka 33a jednog para uvijek je povezana s jednim blokom za podupiranje i pozicioniranje jednog takvog nosivog elementa, a druga polušipka 33b ovog para s drugim blokom za podupiranje i pozicioniranje ovog nosivog elementa; obje polušipke 33a, 33b dotičnog para su na svojim krajevima koji su odmaknuti od navedenih blokova za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, međusobno povezane na način šarnira, kod čega šarnirni spoj 34 dopušta pregib obje polušipke 33a, 33b u kutni položaj, kako je to prikazano na Slici 9. Na takav način, nosivi elementi 14 se pregibom u prikazani kutni položaj mogu vrlo jednostavno umetnuti između tračnica 2, 3 kolosijeka, a polušipke 33a, 33b se slijedom toga mogu pritiskanjem na dolje u smislu strelice 22 dovesti u međusobno poravnani položaj u pravcu, kako je to prikazano na Slici 10. Šarnirni spoj 34 je tako oblikovan, da on u međusobno poravnanom položaju polušipki u pravcu tvori fiksni položaj, kako je to prikazano na Slici 10. Spajanje pokrovnih elemenata 5 s blokovima 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje nosivog elementa 14 može se poduzeti već prema izvedbi međusobno djelujućih ploha pokrovnog elementa i blokova za podupiranje i pozicioniranje, tijekom pritiskivanja polušipki na dolje u međusobno poravnani položaj ili nakon uspostavljanja ovog poravnanog položaja. Kod zahvata stražnjih ureza nudi se spajanje pokrovnih elemenata s nosivim elementima tijekom pritiskanja polušipki na dolje. Ovo također vrijedi za izvedbu prikazanu na Slikama 9 i 10, kod koje su na unutrašnjim stranama blokova 17 za podupiranje i pozicioniranje predviđeni zupčasti izdanci 37, koji kod pokrovnih elemenata 5 postavljenih na blokove za podupiranje i pozicioniranje nosivih elemenata 14, zahvaćaju u postrane plohe 38 pokrovnih elemenata 5, koje su plohe oblikovane odgovarajuće ovim zupčastim izdancima 37. In the embodiment shown in Figures 9 and 10, the track cover according to the invention, the load-bearing elements 14, which are attached to the cover elements 5, located between the rails 2, 3 of the track, between the blocks 17 for supporting and positioning, are equipped with ties 18, which are formed by pairs of half bars 33a, 33b. The half rod 33a of one pair is always connected to one block for supporting and positioning one such bearing element, and the other half rod 33b of this pair to another block for supporting and positioning this bearing element; both half-rods 33a, 33b of the pair in question are at their ends, which are moved away from the said blocks for supporting and positioning, connected to each other in the manner of a hinge, where the hinge joint 34 allows the bending of both half-rods 33a, 33b into an angular position, as shown in Fig. 9. In this way, the load-bearing elements 14 can be very simply inserted between the rails 2, 3 of the track by bending them into the angular position shown, and the half-bars 33a, 33b can consequently be pushed down in the direction of the arrow 22 to bring them into a mutually aligned position in the direction, as shown in Figure 10. The hinge joint 34 is designed in such a way that it forms a fixed position in the mutually aligned position of the half-bars in the direction, as shown in Figure 10. Connection of cover elements 5 with blocks 17 for supporting and positioning the bearing element 14 it can be taken according to the design of the interacting surfaces of the cover element and the blocks for supporting and positioning, while pressing the half bars down e into a mutually aligned position or after establishing this aligned position. In the case of rear notches, it is offered to connect the covering elements with the load-bearing elements while pressing the half-bars down. This also applies to the design shown in Figures 9 and 10, where on the inner sides of the blocks 17 for supporting and positioning, toothed protrusions 37 are provided, which, when the cover elements 5 are placed on the blocks for supporting and positioning the load-bearing elements 14, engage in the side surfaces 38 cover elements 5, the surfaces of which are shaped according to these toothed protrusions 37.
Rubovi 35 pokrovnih elemenata 5, 6, koji rubovi protječu poprečno na tračnice, u pogodnom se slučaju smještaju da prolaze preko nosivog elementa 14, kako je to vidljivo iz Slike 1, kod čega se kao rezultat toga, susjedni pokrovni elementi zajedno dobro drže, jer uvijek dva susjedna pokrovna elementa leže zajedno na jednom nosivom elementu. The edges 35 of the cover elements 5, 6, which edges flow transversely to the rails, are conveniently arranged to pass over the supporting element 14, as can be seen from Figure 1, where as a result, the adjacent cover elements are well held together, because two adjacent covering elements always lie together on one supporting element.
Claims (18)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0073901A AT410953B (en) | 2001-05-09 | 2001-05-09 | TRACK COVERING |
| PCT/AT2002/000093 WO2002090659A1 (en) | 2001-05-09 | 2002-03-25 | Track cover |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HRP20030622A2 true HRP20030622A2 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
| HRP20030622B1 HRP20030622B1 (en) | 2006-04-30 |
Family
ID=3680235
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR20030622A HRP20030622B1 (en) | 2001-05-09 | 2003-08-01 | Track cover |
Country Status (21)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1386037B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3990293B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100419162C (en) |
| AT (2) | AT410953B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002240696B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2446646C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ301140B6 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50201046D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1386037T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2227433T3 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP20030622B1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU224357B1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO321676B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL201584B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1386037E (en) |
| RS (1) | RS50367B (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2280119C2 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK287681B6 (en) |
| TN (1) | TNSN03053A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW577947B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002090659A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT8456U1 (en) * | 2005-02-09 | 2006-08-15 | Gmundner Fertigteile Gmbh | RAILWAY TRANSFER |
| CN100436714C (en) * | 2006-01-12 | 2008-11-26 | 许吉锭 | Railway road junction integrated rubber laying board |
| US7988066B2 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2011-08-02 | Newstyle Nominees Pty Ltd | Rail track crossing |
| AT10383U1 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2009-02-15 | Gmundner Fertigteile Gmbh | TRACK COVERING |
| RU2450098C2 (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-05-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Тушинский машиностроительный завод" | Rail crossing made of rubber panels |
| CZ2010938A3 (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2012-07-25 | Prokop Rail A.S. | Railway or street-railway track with noise and vibration-reducing modular elements and means for seating the modular element in the railway or street-railway track |
| CN102587231A (en) * | 2011-01-17 | 2012-07-18 | 张洪德 | Method for mounting bed acoustic boards on ballastless track |
| CN102877390A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-01-16 | 牡丹江市屹天科技有限责任公司 | Railway crossing resin pavement device |
| CN103132403B (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2015-10-28 | 中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Resistance flue tiny fragments of stone, coal, etc. covering layer |
| CN104131496A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-11-05 | 北京九州一轨隔振技术有限公司 | Removable vibration damping tramcar track |
| RU170804U1 (en) * | 2016-10-06 | 2017-05-11 | Дмитрий Александрович Павленко | Portable collapsible railway metal flooring |
| RU179284U1 (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-05-07 | Алексей Николаевич Зубцов | PEDESTRIAN CROSSING THROUGH RAILWAY |
| DE202018105484U1 (en) * | 2018-09-24 | 2020-01-02 | Robel Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh | Monitoring device for monitoring a temporary rail connection of two rail sections of a rail and rail connection system with such a monitoring device |
| RU198082U1 (en) * | 2020-02-04 | 2020-06-17 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "3 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации | UNIVERSAL Dismountable RAILWAY |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1551165A (en) * | 1924-07-26 | 1925-08-25 | Henry E Muchnic | Railway crossing |
| US1720187A (en) * | 1927-11-10 | 1929-07-09 | George E Nagel | Filler for railway crossings |
| US4093120A (en) * | 1977-01-24 | 1978-06-06 | Park Rubber Company | Railroad crossing structure |
| DE4229289A1 (en) * | 1992-09-02 | 1994-03-10 | Kraiburg Gummi Dev Gmbh | Track transition device, molded body for a track transition device and method for producing a molded body for a track transition device |
| NL194553C (en) * | 1994-06-06 | 2002-07-02 | Veldhoen Raalte B V | Device for the sound insulation of a railway track. |
| AT2319U1 (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 1998-08-25 | Gmundner Fertigteile Gmbh | RAILWAY COVERING FOR TRACKS |
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2001
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2002
- 2002-02-25 TW TW091103341A patent/TW577947B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2002-03-25 WO PCT/AT2002/000093 patent/WO2002090659A1/en active IP Right Grant
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