EP0637645B1 - Rigid railroad-base - Google Patents

Abstract

It is proposed, for the production of a rigid railroad-base for railborne traffic, to lay track sleepers (3) on a substantially plane, continuous supporting layer (1) and to retain them, in a manner incapable of horizontal displacement, by a dowel-like device (7) between sleeper and supporting layer. The device (7) passes through the joint (18) between the sleeper (3) and the supporting layer (1) and at the top fixes into the sleeper and at the bottom into the supporting layer, at least one of the two associated fixing-in arrangements permitting a vertical movement between the device (7) and the structural member into which it fixes (1 and 3 respectively), and both fixing-in arrangements, in cooperation, retaining the sleeper (3) resiliently on the supporting layer (1) at least in respect of loads acting on the longitudinal axis of the sleeper.

Description

The invention relates to fixed carriageways for rail-bound traffic, as in The preamble of claims 1 and 24 are described.

Rail-bound traffic requires fixed lanes, for example for High-speed lines with particularly high demands on position stability and, in particular, the stability against lateral shifting of the tracks be placed, as they are not accessible with conventional ballast bedding of the track.

There are already numerous solid carriageway designs for rail-bound traffic known. The present invention comes closest to a solid roadway, as in the DE-A-41 13 566 is described.

The sleepers must at least in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the sleepers - i.e. transversely to the track axis - be elastic but immovable. That should also be the case Track in defined bearings to be held vertically movable on the base course to vertical Relative movements between the base course and the threshold, each time the track is driven occur due to elastic deformation of the intermediate layer between the threshold and the base course, but also possible due to the rail deformation from the leading and trailing shaft To be able to record the duration without damage.

In the known solid roadway, the space between the flanks of the Shear force base and the associated side surfaces of the recess in this Construction inevitably cuts through the full width of the threshold and thus yours static height and its load capacity, difficult to access. The lateral force base is as a rule, as a customary fit for the corresponding road construction materials Recess in the threshold thought to be producible. A potting of this space is indeed Intended for the use of biblock thresholds, but not generally intended.

In this solid roadway known from DE-A-41 13 566, the bad road becomes Accessibility of a possible grouting joint and the lack of a vertical, guided one Movability of the threshold perceived as disadvantageous.

The potting of the space between the threshold and the shear force base does not guarantee permanent vertical mobility. There is a risk that the potting will become brittle due to aging. The indispensable horizontal dowelling would be at least endangered in the long run. It is difficult to check or re-shed the space due to its restricted accessibility. A non-destructive lifting of the track grate in the event of a repair is not possible due to the gluing of the threshold and the shear force base.
It is not possible in practice to manufacture the transverse force base with a precise fit.

EP-A-0 516 612 describes a further fixed carriageway for rail-bound traffic known in which the rails are mounted on support plates, which in turn on a Lay the foundation plate on. Carrier plates and foundation plate are alternately with dowel-like extensions, which engage in corresponding recesses, interlocked. The joints between the foundation slab and the support slab are plastic and / or elastic Material filled. The filling leaves a limited vertical reinforcement on the track Support plate too. However, it is inaccessible and cannot be controlled without great effort. Your Functionality with regard to an immovable fixation of the track horizontally perpendicular to its axis and a permanent vertical mobility of the track must to be doubted.

The object of the invention is to overcome the above-described shortcomings of the known solid carriageways to completely or partially eliminate various proposed solutions, at least however further develop and improve known solutions.

Independent secondary solutions that avoid at least some of the disadvantages mentioned are proposed.
The object is achieved by solid carriageways as described in the characterizing features of claims 1 and 24. Claims 1 and 24 describe the
fundamental overarching design features of the new solutions. Refinements are described in claims 2 to 23 and 25-36.

Claim 1 describes a solid roadway for at least part of the thresholds individual, dowel-like devices holding each threshold separately are provided.

Claim 24 describes a solid roadway in which the dowel-like device that the Threshold on the base layer holds horizontally immovable, a prefabricated and attached to the Threshold - already during their manufacture - a formable, cone-shaped element is. The vertical mobility is with this solution by a vertically slidable in the Recess of the base layer cast elastomer shoe reached.

Expedient configurations of the base layer are in the subclaims 2-8, Describe designs of the dowels in subclaims 9-23 and 25-35. Anchors according to claim 11 can be made of different materials, e.g. Concrete, synthetic resin, Steel or ceramic can be made.

Claim 36 gives a proposal for an economical use of dowel-like Fixtures in a fixed lane. The ones that keep the sleepers in their longitudinal axis dowel-like devices only have to be arranged on the track in the number that the expected horizontal forces acting on the track. It can therefore they only suffice at individual, appropriately spaced thresholds, to be provided between sleepers without anchoring. Especially with biblock thresholds it is advisable to arrange the device alternately at one of the two ends of the Threshold.

Dowel-like devices that can be mounted on the outside of the threshold, such as those in the Claims 31-35 are also suitable for the track for a limited Period during the track assembly rigid and immovable in the target position for so long fix until the grout has hardened sufficiently. To do this you have to use the vertical Temporary mobility between the threshold and base layer at the corresponding Device parts - for example by screwing to the adjacent components Remove threshold (claims 31, 34, 35) or base layer (claim 32). Changes the track axis during assembly - for example due to temperature jumps - can be prevented. After the grout has hardened, the screw connections are loosened and the dowel-like devices can operate as intended.

Without or with only very minor changes, normal thresholds are also fixed Roadways with devices according to claims 24, 25-30 u. 31 - 35 can be used. So far steel connecting elements are used, they have the disadvantage of being larger Susceptibility to corrosion with normal steel or higher costs with stainless steel and sometimes require a higher expenditure of time when installing on site.

If the dowel-like devices have sufficiently small cross-sectional dimensions, they can be arranged in closed recesses in the threshold, the side in Leave a sufficient concrete cross-section along the longitudinal axis of the sleeper to hold tie rods in it perform. In the case of the sleepers used for the solid carriageway, the height can then be increased be saved. Advantageous solutions for devices that easily meet these conditions are primarily oar-shaped devices according to claims 25-30.

The tube sleeve, in which the oarlock of a oar-like anchor is guided, is installed The dowel with a lid to protect it against the ingress of day water locked.

For dowel bodies according to claims 9-23, a continuous slot is generally in the threshold may be appropriate, which is a decrease in the static height of the threshold in Causes slot area and thus an increase in the threshold height necessary. This may to increase the threshold weight and to stabilize the track position be desired.

Dowel body with a deformation bearing according to claims 11-13 in connection with the Allow claims 14-21, in particular in the case of training according to claims 19- 21, a desired elastic compliance of the track in a continuous slot the base course, also in the track axis, as a special advantage.

A slot also gives the important one for dowel bodies according to claims 14-21 Possibility to inspect the deformation bearings and, if necessary, repairs without having to lift the track.

A useful embodiment of the invention is measures by which a time-saving, economical final assembly is achieved. Such a measure is the pre-assembly of the dowel body on the threshold according to claims 22 u. 23.
Another expedient embodiment is a solid carriageway according to claim 5 and 6. It can be useful for economic or technical reasons - for example in the case of engineering structures, such as bridges - to run solid carriageways over base layers made of concrete or steel, in which the production of recesses for the dowel-like devices is difficult. For such cases, it is proposed to provide a second upper layer of the base layer made of bituminous material on which the tracks are laid. The recesses for anchoring the dowel bodies can expediently be worked into the base layer with the aid of known cutting methods in an advantageously likewise fully mechanized operation immediately preceding the rail laying train.

If a groove-shaped recess is provided in the base layer, it enables one Unrestricted arrangement of the sleepers regardless of any changes Threshold distances, e.g. in curves or in turnout areas - this is how measures for Saving of expensive potting compound for casting the dowel-like devices for determining the economy of the road construction. To save Potting compound serve in the recess in the area between the threshold dowels inserted packing. These are poured in with a simpler hydraulic mortar, which can also be used for pouring out the recess area by area can. To ensure that the filler flows around on all sides through the high-quality mortar The packing can ensure and thus prevent the ingress of day water be provided with warts as spacers. Likewise, these areas are closed with Asphalt possible.

All-round flow around the dowel body with grout according to claim 8 can by convex or concave design with ventilation channel of the bottom surface of the dowel body in the recess ensures the quality of the integration of the dowel body in the recess by roughening and / or profiling the side surfaces of the plug body and / or Recess and improved by spraying an adhesion promoter.

Fig. 1 - 3

Erfindungsgemäße feste Fahrbahnen nach Anspruch 1 in Schnitten senkrecht zur Gleisachse durch eine Schwelle.
Fig. 1 u. 3 Fahrbahnen mit Monoblockschwellen,
Fig. 2 Fahrbahn mit Biblockschwelle.

Fig. 4 - 7

Anordnung von Ausnehmungen für dübelartige Vorrichtungen in der Tragschicht.
Fig. 4 u. 5 für Ausnehmungen nach Anspruch 2,
Fig. 6 u. 7 für Ausnehmungen nach Anspruch 4.

Fig. 8

Schnitt in Gleisachse durch eine Ausnehmung 12 mit Füllkörper nach Anspruch 3.

Fig. 9 u. 10

Feste Fahrbahnen nach den Ansprüchen 5 und 6 in Schnitten senkrecht zur Gleisachse.
Fig. 9 Fahrbahn mit Monoblockschwelle,
Fig. 10 Fahrbahn mit Biblockschwelle.

Fig. 11 - 14

Feste Fahrbahn mit gegossenen Dübelkörpern in Schnitten senkrecht zur Gleisachse (Fig. 11 u. 13) und in Aufsicht (Fig. 12 u. 14).
Fig. 11 u. 12 nach Anspruch 9,
Fig. 13 u. 14 nach den Ansprüchen 9 u. 10.

Fig. 15/1-3

Feste Fahrbahn mit Dübelkörper nach Anspruch 11 im Schnitt senkrecht zur Gleisachse (Fig. 15/1) und Dübelkörper gesondert in Schnitt (Fig. 15/3) und Aufsicht (Fig. 15/2).

Fig. 16 - 21

Dübelkörper nach den Ansprüchen 14,20 u. 21 in Schlitzen nach Anspruch 19; in horizontalen Schnitten (Fig. 16 u. 19) sowie vertikalen Schnitten in Schwellenlängsachse (Fig. 18 u. 21) und senkrecht dazu (Fig. 17 u. 20).

Fig. 22 u. 23

Vormontierter Dübelkörper nach den Ansprüchen 22 u. 23 in vertikalen Schnitten senkrecht zur Schwellenachse (Fig. 22) und in Schwellenachse (Fig. 23).

Fig. 24 u. 25

Feste Fahrbahn mit vorgefertigtem zapfenartigen Element nach Anspruch 24 im vertikalen Schnitt durch die Schwellenlängsachse (Fig. 24) und in Aufsicht (Fig. 25).

Fig. 26 u. 27

Dübelartige Vorrichtung mit Dollen nach Anspruch 25 im vertikalen Schnitt durch die Schwellenlängsachse (Fig. 26) und in Aufsicht (Fig. 27).

Fig. 28 u. 29

Dübelartige Vorrichtung mit Dollen nach den Ansprüchen 26 u. 27 im vertikalen Schnitt durch die Schwellenlängsachse (Fig. 28) und im vertikalen Schnitt durch Schwellenlängsachse und Tragschicht (Fig. 29).

Fig. 30

Dübelartige Vorrichtung mit Dollen nach Anspruch 30.

Fig. 31 - 33

Beispiele von dübelartigen Vorrichtungen,
Fig. 31 nach Anspruch 11,
Fig. 32 nach Anspruch 14,
Fig. 33 nach Anspruch 26.

Fig. 34 u. 35

Dübelartige Vorrichtung mit Dollen nach Anspruch 28,
Fig. 34 eingetrieben, in Verbindung mit Anspruch 29,
Fig. 35 eingeklebt.

Fig. 36 - 39

Dübelartige Vorrichtungen,
Fig. 36 nach Anspruch 31,
Fig. 37 nach Anspruch 32 und 33,
Fig. 38 nach Anspruch 34
Fig. 39 nach Anspruch 35.

The invention is illustrated by examples with reference to Figures 1-39.
Show it:

1 - 3

Solid roadways according to the invention according to claim 1 in sections perpendicular to the track axis through a threshold.
Fig. 1 u. 3 lanes with monoblock sleepers,
Fig. 2 roadway with biblock threshold.

Figures 4-7

Arrangement of recesses for dowel-like devices in the base layer.
Fig. 4 u. 5 for recesses according to claim 2,
Fig. 6 u. 7 for recesses according to claim 4.

Fig. 8

Section in the track axis through a recess 12 with filler according to claim 3.

Fig. 9 u. 10th

Solid carriageways according to claims 5 and 6 in sections perpendicular to the track axis.
9 roadway with monoblock threshold,
Fig. 10 roadway with biblock threshold.

Figures 11-14

Solid track with cast dowel bodies in sections perpendicular to the track axis (Fig. 11 and 13) and in supervision (Fig. 12 and 14).
Fig. 11 u. 12 according to claim 9,
Fig. 13 u. 14 according to claims 9 u. 10th

Fig. 15 / 1-3

Solid track with dowel body according to claim 11 in section perpendicular to the track axis (Fig. 15/1) and dowel body separately in section (Fig. 15/3) and supervision (Fig. 15/2).

Figures 16-21

Dowel body according to claims 14.20 u. 21 in slots according to claim 19; in horizontal sections (Fig. 16 and 19) and vertical sections in the longitudinal axis of the threshold (Fig. 18 and 21) and perpendicular to it (Fig. 17 and 20).

22 u. 23

Pre-assembled dowel body according to claims 22 u. 23 in vertical sections perpendicular to the threshold axis (FIG. 22) and in the threshold axis (FIG. 23).

24 u. 25th

Solid carriageway with prefabricated peg-like element according to claim 24 in a vertical section through the longitudinal axis of the threshold (FIG. 24) and in supervision (FIG. 25).

Fig. 26 u. 27

Dowel-like device with oarlock according to claim 25 in vertical section through the longitudinal axis of the threshold (Fig. 26) and in supervision (Fig. 27).

28 u. 29

Dowel-like device with oarlocks according to claims 26 u. 27 in vertical section through the longitudinal threshold axis (FIG. 28) and in vertical section through the longitudinal axis and base layer (FIG. 29).

Fig. 30

Dowel-like device with oarlocks according to claim 30.

Figures 31-33

Examples of dowel-like devices
31 according to claim 11,
32 according to claim 14,
33 according to claim 26.

Fig. 34 u. 35

Dowel-like device with oarlocks according to claim 28,
34 driven in connection with claim 29,
Fig. 35 glued in.

Fig. 36-39

Dowel-like devices,
36 according to claim 31,
37 according to claims 32 and 33,
38 according to claim 34
39 according to claim 35.

Explanation of the reference numbers:

The solid carriageway according to the invention is based on the base layer 1 a substantially flat surface 2 on the monoblock sleepers 3 (Fig. 1) or Biblock thresholds 10 (Fig. 2) can be installed. The thresholds 3, 10 lie in the areas 4 compliant compensation layers 6 on the base layer 1 on between the areas 4th extends under the sole surface of the monoblock threshold 3, the area 5 in which the Threshold 3 does not rest and forms an open joint 18. Suitable for monoblock sleepers 3 this area is particularly suitable for a central arrangement of dowel-like devices 7. In the case of the biblock threshold 10, the devices 7 are expedient in the area of a block 11 arranged. The dowel-like devices have the task of being transverse to the same axis initiate acting horizontal forces from the track into the base layer 1 and the threshold 3.10 to keep against lateral displacement.

The devices 7 have a lower part 8, which is non-positively in the base layer 1 is anchored, and an upper part 9, which abuts the threshold 3, 10 like Shifts in the longitudinal axis keeps. Since the track is vertical when driving Can perform movements, the threshold 3,10 is appropriately vertically movable by the upper part 9 of the device 7 held.

The devices 7 can be anchored in the base layer in different ways. Bolt-like devices 14 can be fastened directly into the base layer using drilled dowels (Fig. 35) or driven-in (Fig. 34). They can also be cast in prefabricated trough-shaped, continuous or locally limited recesses 12 or 13.
In order to save high-quality potting material 29 in the continuous recesses 12, fillers 59 can be inserted in the sections 58 between the connections of devices 7 with low-quality mortar for closing in the channel-like recess 12. The fillers can have wart-like projections 81 in order to achieve a solid encapsulation of the filler.

The oar-like devices 14 are expediently in sleeves 15 in the threshold 3, 10 guided. 26, the oarlock 14 is through a recess 48 in one Expansion dowel 45 driven.

The jaws of the expansion anchor 45 are against the side surfaces of the recess 12, 13 pressed and anchored the oarlock. Then a sleeve 15 over the oarlock pushed, the sleeve poured with grout 49 and with a lid 17 against Protected against ingress of day water. Between the oarlock and the lid there can also be a Foam pads 16 are introduced. Between oarlocks 14 and sleeve 15 there can be another leading elastic sleeve 50 which improves the lubricity of the doll in the sleeve be inserted. In Fig. 30 is a dynamic force damping elastic sleeve 50 arranged outside the sleeve 15. The sleeve 15 itself can be made of elastic damping Material be made.

FIGS. 28 and 29 show a oar-like device 7 which can be preassembled. The in oarlocks 14 anchored to anchor body 28 has the height of threshold 3, 10 slightly exceeding length. It will be inserted through the sleeve 15 from below upper end, which is provided with a bore 26, emerges from the sleeve. With help of a Splints 27 the device is held in this position until final assembly and at Final assembly lowered by loosening the split pin into the recess 12, 13 and with mortar 29 cast around.

FIGS. 34 and 35 show examples of oar-like devices 7 anchored directly - without previously made recesses 12, 13 in the base layer 1.
According to FIG. 34, an oar 14 with its lower part 51 is driven into the base layer 1 through a sleeve 15 provided in the threshold 3, 10. The upper part 52 of the doll 14 slidably holds the threshold in the sleeve. To protect against day water, the sleeve is closed with a cover 17. In the example according to FIG. 34, the threshold is pegged in the support area 5. When driving in, the surface 2 of the base layer 1 can bulge out at the point of penetration of the ball 14. In order to avoid that the threshold rides at this point and is loaded inadmissibly, the compensation layer 6 is left out at point 53. In addition, the threshold can be trough-shaped.

In the embodiment of the dowel according to Figure 35, the dowel with its lower one Part 51 anchored in the base layer 1 with a drilled-in adhesive dowel.

Devices 7 can be cast as dowel bodies 19 (FIGS. 11-15). The dowel body 19 is poured through the pouring channel 23 in the threshold 3. It is formed by the Recess 22 in the threshold, the space of the joint 18 under the sole surface 44 of the threshold within the sealing strand 20 and the recess 13 or through the formwork 21st delimited space of the recess 12. Before the casting is made, the upper one Boundary surface 72 of the recess 22 are covered with a flexible cushion 73, so that the dowel body 19 can move freely in the recess. For A high-quality potting material can be saved by a displacement body 24 in the cavity be inserted for the dowel body 19.

Another embodiment of a device 7 is a prefabricated dowel body 30. It is Can be produced in a simple cubic form (see sample forms in Fig. 31 / 1-6). With his top Part of it engages horizontally non-positively, vertically movable in the recess 22; With its lower part is cast into the base layer.

A preferred embodiment of the dowel body 30 is shown in FIGS. 15-21 Side surfaces 33 the upper part 31 jumps opposite the side surfaces 36 of its lower part 32 back. The recess 22 is expedient in this case with a conical downward expanding side surfaces 34 formed. In the side of the surfaces 33 and 34 and a space 37 defined below by the recess 41, a deformation bearing 35 clamped. Its elasticity allows vertical movements of the dowel body 30 in the above it free space of the recess, while the dowel body is horizontally non-positive is held in the recess 22.

Instead of a closed recess 22 arranged in the sole surface 44, the Recess be a continuous slot 74. The dowel body 30 receives in this case expediently an approximately rectangular shape. The deformation bearings 35 are then only the sides 75 of the slot running transversely to the longitudinal axis of the sleeper. Around To obtain assembly-friendly closed storage frames, see pages 75 adjacent sections 43 of the deformation bearing 35 connected by webs 87.

For the effectiveness of the plug body 30 is a good quality of their composite in one Recess 12, 13 important. This can be done by suitable known measures such as Adhesion promoter, profiling or roughening of the side surfaces of the recess 12, 13 and of the lower part 32 of the dowel body 30 are additionally improved and in that the Part 32 is fully surrounded by grout. The latter can be done through cheap Forming the sole surface 42 of the dowel body 30 can be achieved, e.g. convex (76) or concave (77) in conjunction with a vent 78.

To save assembly time, it is recommended to use the dowel body when manufacturing the Threshold in the factory acc. 22 u. 23 pre-assemble and with bandages 79 in the To hold recess 22 or the slot 74 on the threshold 3.10. It can by Tensioning the bandage 79, the deformation bearing 35 receive a deformation 80 that up to Hardening of the grout 29 in the recess 12, 13 during final assembly must be maintained. The pre-deformation 80 can prevent that the deformation bearing with slight track elevations from the recess 22 or the slot 74 triggers.

Figures 24 and 25 show a solid roadway according to claim 24. A prefabricated cone-like on its underside 39 with a compressible plate 40 glued and by one Plate 40 and element 38 encompassing elastomer shoe 47 is enclosed element 38 with reinforcement 46 in the manufacture of the threshold in the fresh concrete of the sole surface 44 with concreted.

In FIGS. 36 to 39, examples of one on the outside of a threshold end are shown attacking devices 7 shown. According to FIG. 36, a lower part 55 is glued into the base layer plate-shaped element 54 with its upper part 56 a stop for the end face 25 the threshold 3.10 against lateral displacement. Between part 56 and end face 25, a Lubricant must be inserted.

With its leg 62 pointing downward, a z-shaped element beats according to FIG 60, the other upward leg 61 with screw connections on the Threaded ends of the tie rods 57 firmly screwed onto the end face 25 of the threshold 3, 10 is against a stop 63 formed in the base layer 1 and thus holds the threshold 3, 10 against horizontal displacement.

FIG. 38 shows an angle element 64 as device 7. With its lying leg 65 it with anchor screws 67 held on the base layer 1. With his leg up 66 it forms an abutment against displacements for the threshold 3, 10 in its longitudinal axis.

Figure 39 shows a shoe-like element 68. It encloses the head 71 of the threshold 3, 10 u-shaped. Two with one leg on the flanks of the threshold, the other Legs anchored by anchor screws 67 in the base layer 1 hold one they connecting part 69, against which the end face 25 of the threshold as an abutment Shifts of the threshold strikes in its longitudinal axis.

Claims (36)

1. Permanent way for rail traffic, consisting of a sub-base (1) which is known per se from roadway construction, on which a track grid with sleepers (3,10) is laid, and which has a plane surface (2) at least beneath the track grids, said plane surface (2) having dowel-like means which hold the sleeper (3,10) on the sub-base (1) in a manner such that it cannot be displaced at least in the longitudinal axis of the sleeper, characterised

   in that individual sleepers have dowel-like devices (7), the lower parts (8) of said devices being insertable into recesses (12,13) which are provided for this purpose in the previously finished sub-base (1), and being attachable to said sub-base in a force-locking manner,

   in that with the upper part (9) of the dowel-like devices (7) projecting from the sub-base horizontal forces acting on the sleeper (3,10) at least in the longitudinal axis of the sleeper can be absorbed in the manner of a buttress, and the sleeper is fixed to the sub-base at right angles to the track axis in a manner such that it cannot be displaced, and

   in that the sleeper (3,10) is able to move vertically relative to the upper part (9) of the device (7).
2. Permanent way according to claim 1, characterised in that the lower part (8) of the device (7) is bonded and fixed through suitable means in a continuous channel-shaped recess (12) which is made in the sub-base parallel with the track axis in the base area (5 or 4) of the sleeper (3,10).
3. Permanent way according to claim 2, characterised in that in order to save grouting mortar, filler bodies (59) are inserted in the sections (58) of the channel-shaped recesses (12) between the positions at which the devices (7) are bonded in.
4. Permanent way according to claim 1, characterised in that the lower part (8) of the device (7) is bonded and fixed through suitable means in the sub-base in a localised recess (13), which is made in the sub-base, in a position that is assigned to correspond to the subsequent position of the device (7) in a sleeper (3,10), and that the recesses (13) of successive dowel-fixed sleepers (3,10) are spaced at regular intervals along at least one axis extending parallel with the track axis.
5. Permanent way according to claim 1, characterised

   in that the sub-base (1) of the track is built up from at least two layers (88 and 89) which differ as regards their constituent materials, and

   that the uppermost layer (88) of the sub-base (1) consists of a bituminous material.
6. Permanent way according to claim 1 and claim 5,
   characterised
   in that locally restricted recesses (13) anchored in dowel-like devices (7) are machined into the previously flat-finished plane surface (2) of the sub-base (1) in a subsequent operation employing one of the methods known per se - e.g. by milling - this operation being performed immediately ahead of the rail-laying train.
7. Permanent way according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterised in that the approximately vertical lateral surfaces (36) of the lower part (8,32) of the dowel-like device (7, 30) which bond into the recesses (12,13), and/or the lateral surfaces of the recesses (12,13) are roughened or profiled at least in the area where the device (7) is bonded-in.
8. Permanent way according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterised in that the device (7) is grouted into the sub-base (1) by means of PCC or PC mortar which after 24 hours develops a compressive strength of at least 50 N/mm² and a flexural tensile strength of 12 N/mm², and which after 28 days will exhibit a compressive strength of at least 75 N/mm² and a flexural strength of 12 N/mm².
9. Permanent way according to claim 1 in conjunction with claims 2 to 7, characterised

   in that the device (7) is a dowel body (19) which is produced by pouring into a cavity an elastically deformable castable material, the cavity being formed by the recess (22) in the sleeper (3,10) and by the space enclosed by the shuttering elements (20,21) in the joint (6) between sleeper and sub-base (1) as well as in the channel-shaped recess (12) or in the localised recess (13),

   in that a compliant pad (73) is arranged on the upper bounding surface (72) of the recess (22) in the sleeper (3,10) between the sleeper and the dowel body (19),

   in that the lateral bounding surfaces (34) of the recess (22) are formed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the sleeper and treated with antifriction agents, and

   in that the dowel body (19) is produced by casting from above through a pouring channel (23) in the sleeper.
10. Permanent way according to claim 9,
    characterised in that prior to filling the hollow cavity of the dowel body (19) with castable material, a displacer body (24) of a material which is cheaper than the castable material is inserted in the cavity.
11. Permanent way according to claim 1 in conjunction with one of the claims 2 to 7,
    characterised in that the dowel-like device (7) is a prefabricated approximately cube-shaped dowel body (30) which penetrates the joint between sub-base (1) and the sleeper (3,10), its upper part (31) being inserted in force-locking manner in the recess (22) of the sleeper (3,10) for the transmission of horizontal forces acting at least in the direction of the sleeper axis and compliantly for forces acting in the vertical axis, and its lower part (32) is cast in force-locking manner in the recesses (12,13) of the sub-base (1).
12. Permanent way according to claim 11,
    characterised in that the dowel body (30) is made of concrete.
13. Permanent way according to claim 11,
    characterised in that the dowel body is made of a resilient plastic and through appropriate construction - e.g. chambers - it is stiff horizontally and soft vertically.
14. Permanent way according to claim 11 and claim 12 or 13, characterised

    in that the lateral bounding surface (34) of the recess (22) in the sleeper (3,10) has a shape which expands conically towards the base of the sleeper (3, 10),

    in that at least the lateral surfaces (33), perpendicular to the sleeper axis, of the upper part (31) of the dowel body (30) which bond into the sleeper (3,10) rebound from the surfaces (36) of the lower part (32), and

    in that a deformable bearing (35) is inserted in the space (37) which is formed between the conical surfaces (34) of the recess (22) and the rebound lateral surfaces of the upper part (31) of the dowel body (30, said bearing (35) being supported on the rebound (41).
15. Permanent way according to claim 14,
    characterised in that the deformable bearing (35) is an elastomeric bearing, e.g. made of rubber or chloroprene rubber.
16. Permanent way according to claims 11,14 and 15, characterised in that a deformable bearing (35) is arranged in at least those sections of the space (37) which extend approximately perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the sleeper.
17. Permanent way according to claim 11, and one of the claims 15 and 16, characterised in that the deformable bearing (35) is limited only to sections extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the sleeper (3,10) which through webs (45) can be connected so as to form one-piece frames that are easy to install.
18. Permanent way according to claims 11 and 14, characterised in that the deformable bearing (35) is composed of a castable and curable elastomer, e.g. PUR rubber.
19. Permanent way according to one or more of claims 1 and 11 to 18, characterised in that the recess (22) is a transverse extending slot (74) for accepting the dowel body (30) in the sleeper (3, 10).
20. Permanent way according to claim 19,
    characterised in that the slot (74) has concave or convex lateral surfaces (75) and that the lateral surfaces (33) of the dowel body (30) associated with the surfaces (75) are of convex or concave shape.
21. Permanent way according to claim 11,
    characterised in that the lateral surface (75) of the slot (74) and the associated surface (33) of the dowel body (30) lie on parallel lines.
22. Permanent way according to one of the claims 1-14, characterised in that the dowel body (30) is preassembled with the deformable bearing (35) in the recess (22,74) of the sleeper (3,10) and remains temporarily attached to the sleeper - e.g. by means of bandage straps (79) - until the final installation operation has been completed and until the grouting mortar (29) has hardened in the recess (12) or (13) of the sub-base (1).
23. Permanent way according to claim 22,
    characterised in that the bandage straps (79) are pretensioned and the deformable bearing (35) is thus predeformable by the dimensionally-specified amount (80) which approximates to the expected upward movement of the sleepers when the track is in service.
24. Permanent way for rail traffic consisting of a sub-base (1), which is known per se from roadway construction, and track grid with sleepers (3,10) laid thereon, with a plane surface (2), at least beneath the track grids, which has dowel-like means which hold the sleeper (3,10) on the sub-base (1) non-displaceably at least in the longitudinal axis of the sleeper, characterised

    in that the dowel-like (7) is a prefabricated, spigot-like concrete element (38) which during the manufacturing process is vibrated into the as-yet unhardened concrete of the base surface (44) of the sleeper (3,10) and which through reinforcement (46) is firmly attached to the sleeper,

    in that a slab (40) of an easily compressible, cavity-creating material approximately 10 mm thick is adhered to the bottom surface (39) of the element (38), and element and slab - so far as in the finally installed condition they bond into the sub-base (1) - are firmly and sealingly enclosed by an elastomeric shoe (47) as a bearing body, and

    that the shoe-capped element (38), which faces downwards during the assembly of the sleeper (3,10), is inserted in the prepared recess (12, 13) of the sub-base (1) and cast in place in a force-locking manner.
25. Permanent way according to claim 1 and the claims 3 or 4,
    characterised

    in that the device (7) consists of a spike (14) and an expandable plug (45) which anchors the spike in the sub-base (1),

    in that the spike (14) through a recess (48) in the sleeper (3,10), which has been displaced from its intended position, is driven from above into the expandable plug (45) which has- previously been placed in a recess (12,13) of the sub-base (1) and through wedging of the dowel jaws is anchored in the lateral walls of the recess, and

    in that over the anchored spike (14) a sleeve (15) is slipped and mortar (49) is poured in the recess (48) of the sleeper (3) in which the spike (14) is movably guided.
26. Permanent way according to claim 1 and either claim 3 or claim 4, characterised

    in that the device (7) consists of a spike (14) and a prefabricated anchoring body (28) into which the spike is firmly cast,

    in that the spike (14) is slidably guided for vertical movement in a sleeve (15) which is cast in a sleeper (3,10),

    in that after the sleeper has been moved into its required position, the dowel body (28) is lowered into the recess (12,13) of the sub-base (1) and mortar(29) is poured around it.
27. Permanent way according to claim 26,
    characterised

    in that the spike (14) is slightly shorter than the sleeper (3,10) is high and has a drilling (26) provided in its upper end,

    in that the device (7) can be pre-assembled by pushing the spike (14) into the sleeve (15) and by fixing the spike (14) in the sleeve by a split pin (27) pushed through the drilling (26) of the spike standing slightly proud of the surface of the sleeper, and

    in that after placing the sleeper in its required position, the dowel body (28) is lowered in the recess (12,13) of the sub-base (1) and mortar (29) is poured around it.
28. Permanent way according to claim 1,
    characterised
    in that the devices (7) are steel spikes (14) which, after the sleeper has been laid, with its lower part (51) through a recess (15) provided in the sleeper, with the aid of a known method - e.g. firing, drilling, gluing, is firmly anchored on site directly in the sub-base (1) and with its upper part (52) is guided in recesses (15) of the sleeper (3,10) in a horizontal force-locking manner, but permitting vertical displacement.
29. Permanent way according to claim 28,
    characterised in that a free space (53) is provided on the underside of the sleeper (3,10) to accommodate an upward bulge that may possibly arise on the surface (2) while the spike (14) is being driven home.
30. Permanent way according to the claims 25-29,
    characterised in that the spike (14) is surrounded by elastic damping means, the sleeve (15) being manufactured from an equivalent material, or a collar (50) of suitable material surrounds the spike inside or outside the sleeve (15).
31. Permanent way according to claim 1,
    characterised in that the device (7) is a plate-shaped element (54) which rests with its upper part (56) against the end face (25) of the sleeper (3,10) in a horizontal compressive force-locking manner and with its lower part (55) is anchored sword-like in the sub-base in a force-locking manner.
32. Permanent way according to claim 1,
    characterised in that the device (7) is a plate or Z-shaped element (60) which through its part (61) projecting approximately vertically over the surface (2) of the sub-base (1) is firmly connected to the end face (25) of the sleeper (3,10) and with its part (62) directed downwards in the opposite direction abuts against a vertical stop (63) of the sub-base (1) in a horizontal compressive force-locking manner and permitting vertical displacement.
33. Permanent way according to claim 31 or 32,
    characterised in that the element (54,60) is screw-connected in force-locking manner at its upper part (56,62) with the aid of threaded ends of the prestressed reinforcing material (57) provided on the end face (25) of the sleeper (3,10).
34. Permanent way according to claim 1,
    characterised in that the device (7) is constructed as angle element (64) whose upward-pointing projecting arm (66) rests against the end face (25) of the sleeper (3,10) in compressive force-locking manner against horizontal displacements, and whose approximately horizontal arm (65) resting against the sub-base (1) is firmly anchored on the surface (2) of the sub-base (1) by means of known means - such as for example anchor bolts (67) - so as not to be displaced.
35. Permanent way according to claim 1,
    characterised in that the device (7) is a shoe-like element (68) which embraces the sleeper head (71) on the end face (25) and the longitudinal sides of the sleeper (3,10) and which has a part (69), which serves as abutment in the longitudinal axis of the sleeper, as well as angle arms (70), embracing the longitudinal sides of the sleeper head (71), which prevent displacement of the sleeper (3,10) in the longitudinal axis of the track and with known means (67) are firmly anchored on the surface (2) of the sub-base (1).
36. Permanent way according to one of the claims 1 - 35, characterised in that in accordance with the track forces absorbed, sleepers (3,10) are laid in regular alternation held by devices (7) and free of devices (7).

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