FR2781873A1 - Oil or gas-fired boiler for heating fluid such as water has smoke tubes passing between rear and front return chambers before going to outlet flue - Google Patents

Abstract

The boiler, using burner (20) preferably fuelled by gas or oil, has a reservoir (10) for the fluid, e.g. water, to be heated containing a combustion chamber (1) and smoke tubes (3) to transmit heat from the combustion gases to the fluid. The smoke tubes are situated between rear (2) and front (5) return chambers, with an outlet tube (8) from the front outlet tube to the boiler flue.

Description

OIL OR GAS HEATED BOILER

  The invention relates to a boiler for heating a fluid such as water, for use in space heating and / or water using a burner, preferably an oil burner. or gas, which boiler is composed of a boiler tank containing water, a combustion chamber placed in the boiler tank, several smoke tubes placed in the boiler tank, through which the heat of the flue gases is released to the fluid in the boiler tank, a 10 rear deflection chamber and a front deflection chamber for the flue gases as well as a smoke pipe, which leads the flue gases to a chimney. In the case of known types of boilers, where the combustion chamber is communicated with the posterior return chamber, the smoke tubes are divided into two groups, namely a group which conducts the flue gases from the posterior return chamber to the anterior return chamber, and a group which conducts the flue gases from the anterior return chamber to the rear, to a gas collector from where the flue gases are led to the pipe

smoke.

  In these types of known boilers, both the front deflection chamber and the rear deflection chamber are exposed to smoke gases of a very high temperature, for which reason the return chambers must necessarily be sufficiently insulated to avoid losses of heat and the resulting low yield. In addition, in this construction, both the anterior return chamber and the gas manifold must be provided with cleaning doors allowing the cleaning of both the return chambers and the smoke tubes. The disadvantage is that the boiler cannot be placed near a wall or other walls, since the cleaning door and the cleaning opening of the gas collector would thus not be accessible for cleaning the boiler. These drawbacks are avoided in the case of the present invention by the fact that the boiler described in the introduction is characterized in that all the smoke tubes are placed between the rear deflection chamber and the front deflection chamber and that the pipe smoke leading the smoke to the chimney

  is connected to the previous reference chamber.

  lo In this way, the use of a gas manifold between the smoke pipes and the smoke pipe is avoided and both the smoke pipe and the smoke pipes can be cleaned from the front of the boiler. The latter can thus be placed very close to a wall or other walls, which means that this boiler requires considerably less space than the known types of boilers. This is an advantage especially in the case of small boilers installed

in homes.

  The boiler can usefully be constructed as indicated in claim 2, where most of the heat transmission takes place during the draft of the flue gases from the rear return chamber to the front return chamber. In this way, the loss of radiation from the anterior deflection chamber is minimized, which gives good efficiency, and at the same time, there is no need for extremely good isolation from the anterior deflection chamber. In addition, the front deflection chamber does not need to be water cooled, which reduces the cost of construction. Finally, there is no need for a real draft of tubes with cooling of the return chamber

  anterior to the rear part of the boiler.

  The boiler can usefully have the form described in claim 3, so that the rear deflection chamber can be cleaned from the combustion chamber, for which the rear deflection chamber can be

  completely incorporated in the boiler tank.

  The combustion chamber may have the shape described in claim 4, whereby the combustion chamber is optimally adjusted to the flame, so that the flame is supported and combustion is optimal, as is the combustion chamber. combustion can suitably have the form described

in claim 5.

  In the boiler which is the subject of the invention, the anterior return chamber, as characterized in claim 6, can be partially placed outside the boiler tank, the anterior return chamber having, as it has already mentioned, minimal radiation losses. In addition, the anterior return chamber can preferably be provided with a

  cleaning as claimed in claim 7.

  The rear deflection chamber should preferably have, as indicated in claim 8, a depth allowing the cleaning of this chamber

  from the front, through the combustion chamber or the smoke tubes.

  The smoke tubes can be fitted with smoke gas turbulators as indicated in claim 9, so that optimum cooling of the smoke gases is obtained in relation to the resistance to smoke gases which must

be created in the boiler.

  Finally, the burner as characterized in claim 10, can be mounted on the combustion chamber using a burner plate allowing easy removal of the burner, so that the combustion chamber and possibly the rear deflection chamber can be easily

  cleaned from the front of the boiler.

  The invention will hereinafter be described in detail with reference to the figures, o fig. 1 shows in perspective the boiler which is the subject of the invention, o certain parts have been eliminated so that the parts making up the boiler can be seen individually. fig. 2 shows a vertical section of the boiler which is the subject of

  the invention, along the line Il - Il marked in Figure 3.

  o0 fig. 3 shows a vertical section of the boiler which is the subject of the invention and presented in FIG. 2, along line II! - 11l, and fig. 4 shows a horizontal section of the boiler presented in the

  Figure 2, along the line IV - IV.

  Figure 1 shows in perspective a boiler for central heating and heating of domestic water, which boiler comprises a

  boiler tank 9, which contains water or other suitable fluid 10.

  For the heating of the water 10, there is incorporated in the boiler tank 9 a combustion chamber 1, where the oil or gas from the burner 20 takes place. This burner 20 is mounted on a burner plate 19, secured with bolts, hinges and locks or fasteners

  similar, on the front part of the combustion chamber.

  The combustion chamber 1 is mounted, at its rear part, on a posterior return chamber 2, the products of combustion coming from the combustion chamber 1 being able to circulate freely towards the rear return chamber 2. This rear return chamber 2 , which is completely surrounded by the water 10 located in the boiler tank 9, has the shape of an oblong box and extends over the lateral part of the combustion chamber 1. Parallel to the combustion chamber are mounted several smoke tubes 3, in the example presented six in number, which are connected to the rear deflection chamber 2. The smoke tubes 3 are, at their anterior end, connected to a front deflection chamber 5, which has also the form

an oblong box.

  The front deflection chamber 5 extends above the smoke tubes 3. Au-

  above the smoke tubes and parallel to these there is mounted a smoke tube 8, which goes from the anterior return chamber, passing through the wall

  rear of the boiler tank, to a chimney (not shown).

  During combustion, in the combustion chamber 1, of oil or gas coming from the burner 20, the combustion products or the smoke gas coming from the combustion chamber will escape towards the rear return chamber 2, o the smoke gases will first be introduced at an angle of 900 is into the return chamber, as indicated by the arrows, and then again diverted at an angle of 90 "into the smoke tubes 3, the smoke gases being distributed in these tubes. The smoke gases will escape from the smoke tubes to the anterior return chamber 5, where the smoke gases will be rotated a total of 180 ", to be led to the smoke pipe 8, from where smoke gases

will be brought to a fireplace.

  The combustion chamber 1 has the shape of a round tube having a small diameter with respect to its length, so that the flame of the burner 20 exactly fills the combustion chamber. The length of the combustion chamber is sized to be equal to or greater than the length of the flames from the burner, so that combustion is complete before

  the smoke gases are not diverted to the rear exhaust chamber 2.

  The smoke tubes 3 are mounted with smoke gas turbulators 4, which may consist of a central rod, surrounded by a guide surface having the shape of a screw. The smoke gas turbulators serve on the one hand to create a resistance against the smoke gases and on the other hand to ensure a better transmission of the heat coming from the smoke gases towards the walls of the smoke tubes, contributing to this so as to ensure heat transmission

  required in smoke tubes 3.

  The smoke tubes 3 are, in terms of their number, length, diameter and their smoke gas turbulators 4 dimensioned so that most of the heat transmission from the smoke gases to the water contained in the boiler tank is made during the passage of gases from the rear deflection chamber 2 to the front deflection chamber 5. In this way, the temperature of the flue gases in the front deflection chamber

  will correspond approximately to the outlet temperature of the flue gases.

  The return chamber 5, which is, overall, outside the boiler tank 9, has a shape allowing the removal of the front wall 6, the latter being mounted by bolts 7 or other devices fixing and thus serving

cleaning door.

  The boiler tank 9 is connected at its rear end to an outlet tube 12 and to an inlet tube 13 for the central heating water. In addition, it can be installed in the boiler tank, as shown, a submerged hot water container 11, containing sanitary water, which hot water container is connected to an inlet tube 14 and to a outlet tube 15 for sanitary water. The boiler tank is mounted, at its lower end, on an external bottom frame by several points, in the example shown four, using feet 18, which are for example fixed to the bottom frame by bolts . The use of a relatively small number of fixing points ensures a reduced loss of heat from the boiler to the external part and / or the floor, for which it is not necessary to use a separate and isolated base

to support the boiler.

  The boiler is surrounded by an envelope 16 comprising a protective layer 17. This envelope comprises a part which can be removed, the burner shell 21, which inter alia surrounds the burner 20. When the burner shell 21 is removed, there is access to the lower front part of the boiler, in particular including the burner 20, the burner plate 19 and the cleaning door 6. In addition, there is access to a removable plate 22 located in the wall of the boiler tank , which plate can be replaced by an electrical primer for heating the water 10 in the boiler tank, if desired. Finally, there is access to an observation valve 23, which can be slid, to observe the flame. The envelope also contains a control panel 24, which for example may contain termometers, manometers, switches, thermostats and various control devices and

automatic control.

  2 shows a cross section of the boiler, corresponding to the line II - II in Figure 3, where the location of the anterior return chamber is also shown. The boiler tank 9 is shown in its envelope 16, which is shown here without an insulating layer. The combustion chamber 1 is, as shown, fixed by the tie rods 25, and the smoke tubes 3 and the smoke pipe 8 are shown with respect to the combustion chamber 1 and with respect to the contour of the return chamber anterior. The hot water container 11 is, as shown, placed in the boiler tank 9 so that the hot water container extends beyond the top of the boiler tank. In this way, the hot water container will be easily accessible in case of replacement, handling and / or repair, since both the hot water container itself and the part

  top of the hot water container are detachable.

  Figure 3, which is a cross section of the boiler, corresponding to the line III - III in Figure 2, shows the location of the two box-shaped return chambers, the front 5 and the rear 2, as well as l location of the smoke tube 3 (without smoke gas turbulators) and the smoke pipe 8. The smoke tubes and the smoke pipe pass through the front wall of the boiler tank, which wall at the same time forms the rear wall of the anterior return chamber 5. At the points where the smoke tubes 3 and the smoke pipe 8 pass through the wall, they are fixed to resist water and pressure, for example by welding. Likewise, the smoke tubes 3 pass through the wall of the rear deflection chamber, where they are fixed to resist water and pressure, for example by welding. The smoke pipe 8 goes over the rear deflection chamber 2 and exits through the wall o0 of the boiler tank, o the smoke pipe is also fixed to resist

  water and pressure, for example by welding.

  Figure 4 shows a horizontal section of the boiler, corresponding to the line IV - IV in Figure 2. The cross section of the boiler tank 9 is square, as shown, and in the rear part of the boiler tank it is shown the rear chamber 2, which extends transversely to the boiler tank, in principle over the entire width thereof. The combustion chamber 1 is connected to the rear deflection chamber 2 by its rear part, where it is fixed for example by welding, and it is mounted on the

  burner and the burner plate 19 by its front part, as indicated.

  The rear deflection chamber 2 has a depth making it possible to minimize the pressure when the flue gases change direction, as well as cleaning the rear deflection chamber from the combustion chamber 1 and / or the tubes smoke 3 using instruments

adequate.

  The smoke pipe 8 enters, as shown, in the front deflection chamber 5 provided with the cleaning door 6 and leaves the boiler tank through the rear wall of the casing 16. The location of the smoke pipes is marked with dotted lines, as well as the location of the hot water container

  in the boiler tank is marked with dotted lines in Figure 4.

  As is clear from the above, the boiler can be cleaned as a whole from the front. After dismantling the cleaning door 6, the smoke tubes 3 as well as the front deflection chamber 5 are cleaned from this location, just as a part of the rear deflection chamber 2 can be cleaned by the tubes smoke. After dismantling or separating the burner 20 with the burner plate 19, both the combustion chamber 1 and the rear deflection chamber can be cleaned by opening the

combustion chamber.

Claims (10)

  1. Boiler intended for heating a fluid such as water to be used for space heating and / or water using a burner (20), preferably an oil or oil burner. gas, which boiler comprises a boiler tank (9) containing the fluid (10), a combustion chamber (1) placed in the boiler tank (9), several smoke tubes (3) placed in the boiler tank, from which the heat emitted by the smoke gases to is transmitted to the fluid in the boiler tank, an anterior return chamber (5) and a rear return chamber (2) for the smoke gases as well as a smoke pipe (8), which leads the smoke gases to a chimney, which boiler is characterized in that all the smoke pipes (3) are placed between the rear deflection chamber (2) and the chamber return link (5) and that the smoke pipe (8), which conducts the smoke gases at   the chimney is connected to the anterior return chamber (5).   2. Boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the number, length and / or width of the smoke tubes (3) are dimensioned so that most of the thermal energy emitted by the flue gases in the boiler is emitted in the smoke tubes, so that the temperature of the flue gases in the anterior return chamber (5)   essentially corresponds to the outlet temperature of the flue gases.   3. Boiler according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the combustion chamber (1) is connected, at one of its ends, to the rear deflection chamber (2), the gases from smoke from the combustion chamber (1) being conducted through the posterior return chamber (2) in the smoke tubes (3), and the posterior return chamber (2) is surrounded by the fluid (10)   located in the boiler tank (9).   4. Boiler according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, c a r a c t é-   rized by the fact that the combustion chamber (1) has the form of a round chamber similar to a pipe, which is placed essentially in a horizontal position in the boiler tank (9), and that the diameter of the combustion chamber combustion is small compared to its length.   5. Boiler according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, c a r a c t é-   r i s ed by the fact that the length of the combustion chamber (1) is 0o dimensioned so that combustion takes place only in the combustion chamber (1), so that combustion is completed before   the smoke gases are not diverted to the rear discharge chamber (2).   6. Boiler according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, c a r a c t è-   r i s ed by the fact that the anterior return chamber (5) is located, at least   partially outside the boiler tank (9).   7. Boiler according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, c a r a c t é-   r i s é e that the front deflection chamber (5) is provided with a cleaning door (6), which is detachable or can be opened for cleaning the tubes   smoke (3) and return chambers (2, 5).   8. Boiler according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, c a r a c t é-   r i s ed by the fact that the rear deflection chamber (2) has a depth allowing the cleaning of the rear deflection chamber (2) through the   combustion chamber (1) and / or the smoke tubes (3).   9. Boiler according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, c a r a c t é-   r i s é é because in the smoke tubes (3) there are placed smoke gas turbulators (4), which are not fixed and which can be removed for example   when cleaning the smoke tubes and return chambers.   10. Boiler according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, which is because the burner (20) is mounted on the combustion chamber (1) at   using a burner plate (19) and can be removed for cleaning the combustion chamber (1) and / or the rear deflection chamber (2).