FR2751735A1 - CENTRAL HEATING BOILER WITH BURNER FIOUL - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a central heating boiler with an oil burner. The boiler (1), supplied with domestic fuel oil, comprises: - a gasification burner (2), - a gas combustion chamber (3), - a heating body (4) surrounding said chamber and equipped with an exchanger (5) in which a heat transfer fluid (6) is able to circulate, - a smoke collector (7), located downstream of the exchanger (5), and connected to an evaluation duct (8) of the fumes. Its various constituent elements are arranged in a stack whose axis XX 'is substantially vertical, and surmounted by said smoke collector (7).

Description

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  The present invention relates to a heating boiler

central oil burner.

  More precisely, this type of boiler is equipped with a gasification oil burner at which it gasses and ignites the fuel oil with the aid of a hot spot. Today, it is known boilers of a first type spray in which the fuel oil is mechanically atomized through

  a nozzle, then ignited with a spark igniter.

  If these boilers are thermally efficient and automatic, it does not require any manual intervention by the user after commissioning; on the other hand, they have the disadvantage of being relatively noisy, in particular in certain cases of bad combinations: burners - boilers - flues. In addition, it generally has only one operating pace,

greater than 15 kW.

  In contrast to this, it is known boilers of a second type, that is to say having a gasification burner; these have the advantage of being very quiet and allow to modulate the

power up to 5 kW.

  The invention relates to this second type of boiler

  comprising a gasification burner.

  However, and despite the aforementioned advantage of this type of boiler, existing ones have a number of disadvantages, namely: - unreliable manual or automated operation, - low thermal performance, -necessity of frequent maintenance and implementation in delicate service,

  - Congestion / power ratio much too high.

  In fact, the problem posed consists in producing a boiler comprising a gasification burner retaining the aforementioned qualities

  to its principle while removing the disadvantages listed above.

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  As a result, the following topics were discussed: - performance thanks to a small excess of air and clean combustion, - complete and safe automation, - no fouling, - low power / dimension ratio, - accessibility to subassemblies requiring maintenance,

- simplified commissioning.

  The present invention makes it possible to achieve these objectives and for this purpose concerns a central heating boiler supplied with domestic fuel oil, comprising: - a gasification burner, - a gas combustion chamber, - a heating body equipped with an exchanger in which is suitable for circulating a coolant, - a smoke collector located downstream of the exchanger and connected to a flue gas exhaust duct, characterized in that its various constituent elements are arranged in a stack whose axis is substantially vertical, and surmounted by

smoke collector.

  Such an arrangement is particularly well adapted to

  development of the flame of the gasification burner.

  In addition, according to another characteristic of the invention, the surfaces and shells of the burner, the combustion chamber and the heating body are cylindrical and coaxial, which enables them to be particularly well adapted to the shape of the flame. burner while not

  creating no imbalance of flows thanks to this symmetrical arrangement.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the smoke collector consists of a hollow body in communication with the

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  heating body and secondly with the exhaust duct, and a removable cover for sealingly cooperating with an opening

  upper end of said hollow body.

  These different characteristics lead to the production of a boiler with the following advantages: - assembly of the heating body - combustion chamber and cover, by simple interlocking without tools, from the top, - large volume of combustion chamber well adapted to the combustion of fuel oil by gasification, - blind combustion chamber allowing an extended residence time of the combustion gases in "high temperature" zone, - steel heating element provided with fins: - centering of the combustion chamber, - density of high trade,

- easy sweeping.

  The present invention relates to features which

  will emerge from the description which will follow, and which will have to be

  considered in isolation or in all their possible technical combinations.

  This description, given by way of non-limiting example, will

  to better understand how the invention can be made with reference to the accompanying drawing in which the single figure shows schematically in axial section a central heating boiler with oil burner according to the invention. The reference numeral 1, shown in FIG. 1, generally denotes a boiler fueled with domestic fuel oil of the type comprising: a gasification burner 2, a combustion chamber 3 for combustion of gases, a heating element 4 surrounding said chamber 3 and comprising an exchanger 5 in which is able to circulate a heat transfer fluid 6,

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  a smoke collector 7 situated downstream of exchanger 5 and

  connected to an exhaust duct 8 fumes.

  The coolant 6 is in thermal contact with the hot gases from the combustion chamber 3 via the wall of the exchanger 5 and the fins 14 which are attached thereto, these being

  interposed between the combustion chamber 3 and the exchanger 5.

  The exhaust duct 8 may itself be integral with a vertical duct 9 located on the top of the boiler or a horizontal duct

  located at the back of the boiler.

  Advantageously according to the invention, the various constituent elements of the boiler are arranged in a stack whose axis xx '

  is substantially vertical, and surmounted by the smoke collector 7.

  In fact, it will be noted that, overall, the boiler 1 consists of: a first stage I constituted by the gasification burner 2 to which is associated a fuel supply device 11 and a fan 12

  for pulsing air into the lower tank 13 enclosing the burner 2.

  a second floor II essentially comprising the chamber

  of combustion 3 surrounded by the heating body 4.

  - a third floor III which consists essentially of the

smoke collector 7.

  More specifically, the smoke collector 7 is constituted by a hollow body 15 in communication with the heating body 4 and with the exhaust duct 8 and with a removable cover 16 intended for sealingly cooperate with an end opening

upper part of said hollow body 15.

  According to the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 1, the removable cover 16 is constituted by a two-stage monobloc element A and B, one of which, A, ensures the sealing of the end opening of the body 15 of the collector 7, and the other B, inferior ensures simultaneously, the tight closure of the chamber of

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combustion 3 in its upper part.

  In this way, the hot gases G issuing from the combustion chamber 3 are forcibly directed in their entirety towards the open bottom part of said chamber 3 which is in communication with the lower part of the heating body 4. hot gases, directed from bottom to top as simulated the arrows at this level, come into thermal contact with the fins 14 of the exchanger 5 and consequently heat the fluid

coolant 6.

  According to an advantageous embodiment of the cover 16, the two stages A and B are constituted by two concentric plates superimposed and axially connected by at least one spacer 17, to determine between them a space "e" of free flow of the fumes F, from the combustion chamber 3, through the fins 14, in order to

their evacuation.

  In this case, trays A and B are spaced by three

  spacers 17 disposed at 120 relative to the axis of the lid.

  The concentric plates forming the two stages A and B of the cover 16 of the collector 7 are circular. Each of them respectively comprises a peripheral fallen edge 18 and 19 adapted to cooperate sealingly respectively with a corresponding portion 20 of the opening of the upper end of the smoke collector 7 and with a corresponding part 21 of the upper part of the the combustion chamber 3,

located in a lower plane.

  Preferably, the lower plate B of the cover 16 intended to seal the upper part of the combustion chamber 3 is coated with a

  refractory material 24 directed to said chamber.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, it is important to note that the cover 16 ensures the simultaneous closing of the smoke collector 8 and the combustion chamber 3, as just mentioned, by

the only force of gravity.

  In fact, the weight of said cover 16 is predetermined from

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  so that it also provides an anti-explosion valve function acting by lifting beyond a given overpressure, prevailing in the

combustion chamber 3.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the lid 16 comprises means for observing the inside of the combustion chamber 3 which are constituted by an external eyelet 22, surmounting a tube 23 of central connection of the two plates A and B forming said lid 16

  and, opening into said combustion chamber 3.

  Preferably, the surface and envelope of the burner 2, the combustion chamber 3 and the heating body 4 are cylindrical and coaxial. The assembly of the monobloc burner equipped with its automatic ignition devices, fuel supply, fan, preheating chamber and air balancing, burner, is performed in drawer on the heating body to allow rapid disassembly and reassembly . In addition, a vertical tie down by pulling system (not shown) ensures the tightness of

  the burner-heater connection.

  The burner-heating element connection, by wet chamber 25, ensures the absorption of the radiation of the flames in the hearth and the protection of the structures and components located under the hearth against the high temperatures. This choice is particularly motivated by the use of a room

  "one-eyed" combustion system which sends very hot effluents to the burner.

  It will also be preferred a two-stage burner, maxi and mini. This provides a simple automation to limit the number and duration of transition phases corresponding to power changes during which the burner thermal performance is

less good.

  The maximum pace allows to have a power reserve used exceptionally in the cold weather or the setting up of a house. It constitutes a security guaranteeing the coverage of

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even exceptional needs.

  The mini pace corresponds to the normal operating mode of the boiler, it guarantees an exceptional operating efficiency (efficiency

  very high instantaneous) and a strong reduction in pollutant emissions.

  The installation of such a burner will be carried out by its translation on rails made under the heating body, then by the establishment of

  tie rods for vertical securing of the burner on said heater.

  Said burner is in fact a box in which we find the fan, the distributor, an igniter (heating resistor) plus its transformer. A

  such burner being known per se, it will not be described in more detail.

  The operation of the boiler which has just been described is as follows. The tank 13 containing the oil being stopped, and therefore cold, is fed to the maximum fan for maximum flow and a minimum amount of fuel oil is provided, the ignition and gasification of the fuel being effected by a

heat resistence.

  The ignition is then maintained with a maximum fan and

  a quantity of mini fuel oil until the tank is reheated.

  When a normal operating temperature temperature is then obtained, the fan is fed to the maximum while maintaining a

amount of fuel oil also.

  A transition regime can be obtained with a breakdown

  maxi and a quantity of mini fuel, timed.

  On the other hand, a reduced pace can be obtained with a

  mini fan speed and a small amount of fuel oil also.

  It should be noted that when stopping the boiler, it is imposed on the fan a maximum speed, until the complete cooling of the

tank 13.

Claims (10)

  Central heating boiler (1) supplied with domestic fuel oil, comprising: - a gasification burner (2) - a combustion chamber (3), - a heating element (4) surrounding said chamber and equipped with an exchanger (5) in which a heat transfer fluid (6) is circulating, - a smoke collector (7) located downstream of the exchanger (5), and connected to an evaluation duct (8) of smoke, characterized in that its various constituent elements are arranged in a stack of which 1 'XX' axis is substantially vertical, and surmounted by said smoke collector (7).   Boiler according to Claim 1, in which the smoke collector (7) consists of a hollow body (15) in communication with the heating element (4) on the one hand and with the heating element (4) on the other. the evacuation duct (8), and by a removable cover (16), intended to cooperate sealingly with an upper end opening of said body hollow (15).   3. Boiler according to claim 2, wherein the removable cover (16) is a two-stage monoblock element A and B, one of which A superior ensures the sealing of the end opening of the hollow body (15). manifold (7), and the other lower B simultaneously ensures the tight closure of the combustion chamber (3) in its upper part.   4. Boiler according to claim 3, wherein the two stages A and B of the cover (16) are constituted by two superposed concentric plates and axially connected by at least one spacer (17) to determine between them a space "e" of free flow of the fumes F from the combustion chamber (3) and passing through the body of   heater (4), for their evacuation.   The boiler according to claim 4, wherein the trays A and B are spaced apart by three spacers arranged at 120 relative to one another. to the axis of the lid.   Boiler according to one of claims 4 or 5 in   which the concentric plates forming the two stages A and B of the cover (16) of the collector (7) are circular, each of them respectively comprising a peripheral fallen edge (18 and 19) adapted to cooperate sealingly with a corresponding part ( 20) of the upper end opening of the smoke collector and with a corresponding part (21) of the upper part of the combustion chamber (3) situated in a lower plane.   Boiler according to one of claims 3 to 6 in which   the bottom plate B of the cover (16) for sealing the upper part of the combustion chamber (3) is coated with a refractory material (22) directed towards said chamber (3).   Boiler according to one of Claims 3 to 7, in which   the cover (16) simultaneously closes the smoke collector (7) and the combustion chamber (3) by its sole gravitational force, the weight of said cover being predetermined so that it also performs a function of explosion-proof valve acting by lifting beyond a   given overpressure prevailing in the combustion chamber (3).   9. Boiler according to one of claims 3 to 8 wherein   the cover (16) comprises means for observing the interior of the combustion chamber (3) which is constituted by an external eyelet (22) surmounting a tube (23) of central connection of the two trays A and B forming   said cover (16) and opening into said combustion chamber (3).   Boiler according to one of the preceding claims in   which the surfaces and envelopes of the burner (2), the chamber of   combustion (3) and the heating body (4) are cylindrical and coaxial.