FR2464452A1 - METHOD FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION TO EXPLOSIVE OR PYROTECHNIC MACHINES, IN PARTICULAR MINES, AFTER THE INSTALLATION THEREOF - Google Patents

Abstract

PROCESS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION TO EXPLOSIVE OR PYROTECHNIC DEVICES, IN PARTICULAR TO MINES, AFTER THE LAYING OF THEM. TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION TO EXPLOSIVE OR PYROTECHNIC DEVICES, IN PARTICULAR TO MINES, AFTER THE LAYING OF THEM, THE INFORMATION BEING TRANSMITTED BY MEANS OF VIBRATIONS. THE TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION TO THE MACHINES IS CARRIED OUT BY SEISMIC AND OR ACOUSTICALLY. APPLICATIONS ESPECIALLY TO MINES, TO TURN THEM FROM THE ARMED STATE TO THE UNARMED STATE, AND THE CONVERSION.

Description

"Method for the transmission of information to explosive devices

  or pyrotechnics, particularly at mines, after the

laying of these. "

  The invention relates to a method for transmitting

  information to explosive or pyrotechnic devices, in par-

  particular to mines, after the laying of these, process o

  the information is transmitted using vibrations.

  It has long been sought to influence mines intentionally, even after

  these in the water and on the ground, but especially under the surface.

  of this one, in order to make them go from the armed state to the

  unarmed state or vice versa, for example. This requirement

  not least the establishment in a minefield, a breach for the safe passage of infantrymen and vehicles, as well as the overall duration of the active state of the minefield,

  that is to say, the maximum duration during which mines

  die in the armed state. To meet this requirement, it is necessary to

  only after being placed in grounds of any kind

  that in or in the water, mines can be influenced by

  encoded signals from outside.

  It is known to transmit these information signals by

  electromagnetic path, relative electromagnetic waves

  are preferably used in the case of mines

  under the soil surface. The disadvantage of this transmission

  However, the electromagnetic flow of information lies in the relatively large mobilization of means both from the

  emission only from the receiving side in the mines.

  Such an after-the-fact transmission of information is also desirable in the case of other machines, for example in that of illuminating charges for the illumination of the glaze, smoke or incendiary devices. It can also be applied in automatic firing installations, ie fixed fire installations that can be triggered by

  the approaching target, where it is necessary to

  of the unarmed state in the armed state, for example.

  The object of the invention is to propose a method for transmitting information to explosive devices or

  pyrotechnics, including mines, after the laying of

  these, which process, in particular, does not have the disadvantages mentioned above and which can be implemented in practice with a reduced mobilization of means possible. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the fact that the transmission of information to the vehicles takes place by seismic or acoustic means. In this respect, in the case of mines, advantage is taken advantage of the fact that modern mines are equipped, for the purpose of identification of the target, with sensors or detectors whose mode of operation corresponds to that of a geophone or a pressure sensor based on the piezoelectric effect, for example, and which are at

  even to identify the targets from vibrations of the earth.

  rain, engine noise, etc. characteristics for these

  ble. These sensors are for example provided for this purpose with an electronic analyzer system, which makes a selection, using a frequency filter, for example, and only passes electrical oscillations included in a

  characteristic frequency range for the targets

  sidered. According to the invention, these sensors are used to perform, in addition to the voluntary firing of the

  mine, an intentional injection of information does not

  as for not the firing, and thus influence the behavior

mines.

  In the case of machinery not equipped with such sensors at the outset, it is necessary to provide

  suitable vibrations of simple construction.

  According to the invention, the transmission of information is provided by "mechanical" vibrations or pulses, in the ground, in the air and / or in the water, which can be generated in several different ways. For example, it is possible for this purpose to print on the ground vibrations in a limited zone which contains the active machine to be influenced, in

  applying localized blows to the ground in a defined manner.

  For example, generals can be used for this purpose.

  mechanical vibration or pressure actuators

  pneumatic, as well as percussion devices

  springs, which act on the ground at intervals of

  the determined times, by means of percussion bodies

  operating in the manner of threshing bells and

  dice by springs of unequal power, bodies actuated successively in a definite manner. Devices of

  appropriate percussion, for example actuated by

  awarded or by the conversion of a propellant charge, may also be used. Generators which produce appropriate defined percussion, burst or like noises, generators operated by mechanical or pneumatic means, are also suitable for generating vibrations

  mechanical. For example, an apparatus can be used

  percussion system including systems appropriate for

  and an anvil whistle, which allow the defined production of air vibrations separated by prefixed intervals. Detonation noises in the air can also be produced by a defined succession of blows

gun, for example.

  These vibrations or discrete information pulses, that is to say that follow each other at time intervals,

  can in principle present the same

  frequency as the signals emitted by the target.

  It is true that in this case, particularly when it comes to

  to put an armed mine in the unarmed state, it is necessary to

  to ensure that information impulses can not be

  themselves cause the unintentional firing of the mine.

  In this respect, the analyzer system assigned to the mine sensor in question must be established in such a way, for example, that it can distinguish the signals emitted by the target, which persist for a relatively long period of time, information pulses. discrete, separated from one another by intervals. For this reason, the analyzer system must include, for the purpose of a deliberate firing of the mine, a part of an electric delay circuit for example, which only allows the retransmission of the electrical signal after a lapse of time. time that is longer than

  the longest possible duration of an information impulse

  tion. On the other hand, the analyzer system is equipped, with a view to the voluntary transmission of information, for example

  of a memory and an information code, contained in this

  the latter, for the change of the state of the mines, of a

  the information pulses collected, as well as a comparator for the memorized code on the one hand and

  registration, which authorizes a retransmission of

  mission of the electrical signal, with a view to the subsequent processing thereof in case of concordance, thus effecting the

  desired change in the state of the mine.

  It is, however, preferable that information impulses

  also possess, as such, another characteristic

  that the signals from the targets, to facilitate the distinction between these pulses and these signals. According to a favorable feature of the invention, it is intended to use for this purpose, as information signals, seismic and / or acoustic vibrations or pulses, triggered by detonation and which have, compared to the target signals, especially in the case of mines, a much higher frequency, with slopes steeply sloping accordingly. These information frequencies can be distinguished from the frequencies of the targets in a simple manner, for example by means of another frequency filter.

  sensor assistant and which constitutes a unique "window"

  for these information frequencies, that is to say,

  the latter to the downstream circuits of the analyzer system with regard to the transmission of information.

  The informative content of impulses or trains of

  pulses can be constituted by the most

  related to these. It is however preferable to use as information content the pulse durations,

  durations of the pulse intervals and / or the number of

  or the number of pulses that occur within a specified period of time. In this respect he is particularly

  preferable, especially when it comes to very short

  acicular pulses, to use for the transmission of

  the information and for the evaluation of it the combination of

  the duration of intervals and the number of intervals or pulses, in order to perform coding with very

  but which would include many

  riations. In order to produce information pulses by detonation, different possibilities are available. For example,

  two or more explosive primers can be used

  that can be triggered electrically,

  prefixed time intervals by means of a suitable electrical circuit. Instead, detonators can be used

  which are incorporated pyrotechnic charges

  retarders with different burn times, so here too we get a sequence of detonations at

  prefixed intervals. Another possibility is to use

  bend a relatively slow burning ignition wick,

  in which are inserted detonators and / or

  powder, the duration of the immunity interval

  impulses being determined here by the length of the wick

  be two detonators, for example. However, it is preferable

  that the detonation pulses are generated at

  detonating cords and that the intervals of impulse

  are generated by explosion retardants. By arranging sections of detonating cord and explosion retarders one behind the other, we have the

  possibility of transmitting to the machine in a very sim-

  and seismically and / or acoustically safe, an informa-

  code, and to influence the behavior accordingly.

  active gear. In this respect, and in order to strengthen the

  detonation pulses of detonating cords or sections of these cords, as well as the discrete vibrations triggered thereby, in the soil, in the water or in the air, provision is made for

  furthermore possibly further detonators

  and even explosive charges within the detonating cord. So that in the case of mines which - in order to create a breach in a minefield that can be safely crossed by vehicles, for example - are to be brought from the armed state to the unarmed state, we have the guarantee

  that the information impulses have been effectively

  collected and treated by the mine in question, that is to say that the mine is no longer in the armed state,

  It is useful to provide, in a known manner, a signaling cor-

  sponding. This may consist, for example, in that during the interruption of the firing circuit of the mine,

  or after that interruption, the passage of

  the unarmed position, etc., automatically causes, with the aid of a pyrotechnic expulsion charge, the expulsion of a color marking, in particular in the case of mines laid in water, or that of a cartridge ejected through the covering soil layer and which has a signaling flag or emits, for example, a smoke

signaling.

  The analyzer system for processing information

  tion, like that for the identification of the

  target, consist of electrical or electrical components

  tronic known. It is however preferable to use, instead of a discrete circuit, a commercially available microprocessor, which is programmed according to the software to be used.

  apply in the individual case considered and

  but as a consequence the unfolding of all the functions.

  In order to better highlight the following process

  the invention, there is shown in the accompanying drawing an example

  implementation of an electronic analyzer system capable of

  to be applied for the transmission of information, a system which makes an evaluation as to the duration of the pulse intervals and the number of intervals and which

  is made of commercially available components.

  The sensor S of the machine, which reacts to the vibrations

  and / or acoustics, that is to say the mechanical vibrations

  is followed by a filter F, which selects from

  of all the signals collected by the sensor S -

  that is, transmits to the downstream comparator K - those which are characteristic in frequency for

  information impulses that are generated in a pre-

  feral by detonations. Electrical pulses separated from each other by prefixed time spaces, ie by

  the duration of the intervals, pulses more or less acicular

  res, flanks indefinitely accordingly. These pulses are converted in the comparator K into rectangular pulses with defined rising and falling edges. The amplifier V, connected behind the comparator K, amplifies on the one hand the relatively weak pulses provided by the comparator

  K and on the other hand performs the inversion of these, that is,

  that is, when a voltage is present at the input of the amplifier, there is a zero voltage at the output,

  while in case of zero voltage at the input of the ampli-

  at the exit of the latter, a voltage of

  folded accordingly. It follows that, thanks to this

  inverter, we obtain, instead of the usual pulses,

  relatively weak tangibles, provided by the comparison

  4, which correspond to the information pulses re-

  picked up by the sensor S, amplified rectangular pulses, which correspond to the duration of the intervals

  between the initial information pulses.

  The output of the amplifier V is connected on the one hand to the pulse generator IG and on the other hand to an input

  of the AND gate G1, whose other input is connected to the output

  of the IG pulse generator. The output of the gate G1 is connected to the comparator of groups of pulses IV. The pulse generator IG is turned on by a pulse of the amplifier V and then generates in a continuous manner precise rectangular pulses which are of a very short duration compared to the pulses

  rectangles corresponding to the intervals and which

  the AND gate G1 as long as the

  amplifier V, the pulse that characterizes the

  interval time, is simultaneously present at this door.

  It follows that we collect at the exit of the gate G1

  at time intervals, groups of pulses rec-

  precise tangibles, the number of rectangular pulses

  res - four, six or more for example - per group, being

  an exact measure for the duration of the interval. These groups

  successive pulses are compared in the comparator of groups of pulses IV with memory with the groups of

  code for the interval times, stored in this

  this. Whenever the group of pulses entering IV is identical, as regards the number of its pulses and the succession in the set of groups of pulses, to the code groups included in the program, the counter of

  groups of pulses IZ, which follows, is im-

  counting pulse for this group of pulses recognized as

  rect. On the other hand, when it appears in the comparator of

  groups of impulses IV than even a group of impulse

  the number of impulses

  rectangles and / or the succession of the code and thus the

  gram of prefixed intervals, that is, when the trans-

  information mission is recognized incorrect, the counter

  groups of IZ pulses are not applied to any impulse

  counting, while an order is applied to a

  automatic reset device R. This device for

  reclosing is connected to both the pulse generator and the

  the IZ pulse group counter and, after receiving an appropriate command, returns the analyzer system to

  its initial state, where it is ready for a new transmission

information.

  The counting pulses which, coming from the comparator of pulse groups IV, are applied to the pulse group counter IZ in a prefixed time space, are

  added together, the final result 'being welcomed into the

  moire SP1. In a next stage, the contents of the memory are compared, as regards the number of intervals

  pulses, with the code program contained in a

  memory SP2. For this purpose, the outputs 1 to n of the two memories SP1 and SP2 are chained, each time for the

  equal number of pulse intervals, by the logic system

  that formed by the doors GSi. In the drawing we did not

  As an example, the outputs 1, 3 and n, and their logical sequences. Other outputs are represented only by dashed lines. The AND gates GSi are in turn all gathered by an OR gate G2, at the exit of which the desired function signal FS is collected for the voluntary actuation of the machine

  Gsi considered furthermore to have found a concordance

  between the number of pulse intervals recorded

  by the sensor S and the number of prefixed intervals introduced into the memory SP2. Furthermore, and so that in case of mismatch, and therefore in the absence of FS function signal, the analyzer system is reset, all outputs 1 to n of the memory SP1 are connected to the OR gate G3, the output of which is connected to the AND gate G4. The other inverting input of this AND gate is connected to the output of OR gate G2. Thus, when it has not been found a concordance between the respective contents of the memories SP1 and SP2, it appears, it is true, the output 1 to n considered memory SP1 a signal, which is switched by the OR gate G3 to AND gate G4, but a function signal is not obtained. Then the AND gate G4 becomes busy due to its inverting input and sends an appropriate command to the reclosing device R, so that the whole system analyzer is reduced to

the initial state.

  The connections leading to the reset device

  and those departing from it are represented by dashed lines, to indicate that they remain out of operation when the transmission of information

  is carried out in accordance with the provisions.

4c 2464452

Claims (4)

R E V E N D I C A T I 0 N S   1.- Method for transmitting information to   explosive or pyrotechnic devices, in particular at mid-air   after they have been laid, where the information is trans-   vibration, characterized in that transmission of the information to the gears is effected by seismic and / or acoustic.   2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission of the information is effected by means of seismic and / or acoustic vibrations triggered by defined detonations.   3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized   in that the information is established on the basis of the duration of the pulses, the interval between each time two   pulses and / or the number of intervals or im-   impulses present within a predetermined period of time, each   discrete bration representing an impulse.   4. Process according to claim 2 or 3, characterized   in that the detonation pulses are generated using detonating cords, while the intervals   pulses are generated with the aid of   prefixed delay plume, arranged between these deaux. e