ES2643446T3 - Métodos para la identificación de sitios para conjugación de IgG - Google Patents
Métodos para la identificación de sitios para conjugación de IgG Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2643446T3 ES2643446T3 ES15156284.0T ES15156284T ES2643446T3 ES 2643446 T3 ES2643446 T3 ES 2643446T3 ES 15156284 T ES15156284 T ES 15156284T ES 2643446 T3 ES2643446 T3 ES 2643446T3
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- immunoglobulin
- drug
- linker
- residues
- amino acid
- Prior art date
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- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 19
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- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- BQWBEDSJTMWJAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 4-[(2-iodoacetyl)amino]benzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(NC(=O)CI)=CC=C1C(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O BQWBEDSJTMWJAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WCMOHMXWOOBVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 6-[3-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)propanoylamino]hexanoate Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1OC(=O)CCCCCNC(=O)CCN1C(=O)C=CC1=O WCMOHMXWOOBVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHVODYOQUSEYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 6-[[4-[(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]amino]hexanoate Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1OC(=O)CCCCCNC(=O)C(CC1)CCC1CN1C(=O)C=CC1=O IHVODYOQUSEYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTDQGCFMTVHZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-bromophenyl)-(4,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methanone Chemical compound O1C2=CC(OC)=CC(OC)=C2C(C)=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 LTDQGCFMTVHZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGVWDRVQIYUSRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)ethyldisulfanyl]ethyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)N1CCSSCCN1C(=O)C=CC1=O SGVWDRVQIYUSRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIYPCWKHSODVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)benzoyl]oxy-2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-3-sulfonic acid Chemical compound O=C1C(S(=O)(=O)O)CC(=O)N1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(N2C(C=CC2=O)=O)=C1 DIYPCWKHSODVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CULQNACJHGHAER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[(2-iodoacetyl)amino]benzoyl]oxy-2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-3-sulfonic acid Chemical compound O=C1C(S(=O)(=O)O)CC(=O)N1OC(=O)C1=CC=C(NC(=O)CI)C=C1 CULQNACJHGHAER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JUIKUQOUMZUFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromoacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CBr JUIKUQOUMZUFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMRMMAOBSFSXLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)phenyl]butanehydrazide Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCC(=O)NN)=CC=C1N1C(=O)C=CC1=O ZMRMMAOBSFSXLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186046 Actinomyces Species 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-NJFSPNSNSA-N Carbon-14 Chemical compound [14C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-citrulline Chemical compound NC(=O)NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFOMKMMPBOQKMC-KXUCPTDWSA-N L-pyrrolysine Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC=N[C@H]1C(=O)NCCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O ZFOMKMMPBOQKMC-KXUCPTDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000729 N-terminal amino-acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ndelta-carbamoyl-DL-ornithine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=O RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PVNFMCBFDPTNQI-UIBOPQHZSA-N [(1S,2R,5S,6S,16E,18E,20R,21S)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl] acetate [(1S,2R,5S,6S,16E,18E,20R,21S)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl] 3-methylbutanoate [(1S,2R,5S,6S,16E,18E,20R,21S)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl] 2-methylpropanoate [(1S,2R,5S,6S,16E,18E,20R,21S)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl] propanoate Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1\C=C\C=C(C)\Cc2cc(OC)c(Cl)c(c2)N(C)C(=O)C[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]2(C)OC2[C@H](C)[C@@H]2C[C@@]1(O)NC(=O)O2.CCC(=O)O[C@H]1CC(=O)N(C)c2cc(C\C(C)=C\C=C\[C@@H](OC)[C@@]3(O)C[C@H](OC(=O)N3)[C@@H](C)C3O[C@@]13C)cc(OC)c2Cl.CO[C@@H]1\C=C\C=C(C)\Cc2cc(OC)c(Cl)c(c2)N(C)C(=O)C[C@H](OC(=O)C(C)C)[C@]2(C)OC2[C@H](C)[C@@H]2C[C@@]1(O)NC(=O)O2.CO[C@@H]1\C=C\C=C(C)\Cc2cc(OC)c(Cl)c(c2)N(C)C(=O)C[C@H](OC(=O)CC(C)C)[C@]2(C)OC2[C@H](C)[C@@H]2C[C@@]1(O)NC(=O)O2 PVNFMCBFDPTNQI-UIBOPQHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001263 acyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- HAXFWIACAGNFHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aldrithiol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1SSC1=CC=CC=N1 HAXFWIACAGNFHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940045799 anthracyclines and related substance Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- LRJRPHROCLHMHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;n,n-dimethylmethanamine Chemical compound [B].CN(C)C LRJRPHROCLHMHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJTANRZEWTUVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound [B].CNC RJTANRZEWTUVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNTOJPXOCKCMKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;pyridine Chemical compound [B].C1=CC=NC=C1 NNTOJPXOCKCMKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013477 citrulline Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002173 citrulline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001085 cytostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017858 demethylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010520 demethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003534 dna topoisomerase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMRJKAQTDDKMCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dolastatin Chemical compound CC(C)C(N(C)C)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)N(C)C(C(C)C)C(OC)CC(=O)N1CCCC1C(OC)C(C)C(=O)NC(C=1SC=CN=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 AMRJKAQTDDKMCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930188854 dolastatin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940072221 immunoglobulins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005439 maleimidyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC(N1*)=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011278 mitosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006320 pegylation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000654 protein toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanoborohydride Chemical compound [Na+].[B-]C#N BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKNJJMHQBYVHRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1-[11-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)undecanoyloxy]-2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-3-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])CC(=O)N1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCN1C(=O)C=CC1=O MKNJJMHQBYVHRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ULARYIUTHAWJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1-[4-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)butanoyloxy]-2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-3-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])CC(=O)N1OC(=O)CCCN1C(=O)C=CC1=O ULARYIUTHAWJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VUFNRPJNRFOTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1-[4-[(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)methyl]cyclohexanecarbonyl]oxy-2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-3-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])CC(=O)N1OC(=O)C1CCC(CN2C(C=CC2=O)=O)CC1 VUFNRPJNRFOTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MIDXXTLMKGZDPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1-[6-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)hexanoyloxy]-2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-3-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])CC(=O)N1OC(=O)CCCCCN1C(=O)C=CC1=O MIDXXTLMKGZDPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JJAHTWIKCUJRDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1CC(CN2C(C=CC2=O)=O)CCC1C(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O JJAHTWIKCUJRDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
- A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
- A61K39/39566—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against immunoglobulins, e.g. anti-idiotypic antibodies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
- A61K51/10—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody
- A61K51/1093—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody conjugates with carriers being antibodies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
- A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
- A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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Description
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conjugados usando métodos estándares de purificación, tales como diálisis, ultrafiltración, cromatografía de intercambio iónico, cromatografía de afinidad y similares.
La PEGilación mediante alquilación generalmente incluye la reacción de un aldehído terminal derivado de PEG con un componente de inmunoglobulina en presencia de un agente reductor. Los grupos PEG puede estar unidos al polipéptido por medio un grupo –CH2—NH.
La derivatización por medio de alquilación reductora para producir un producto monoPEGilado tiene la ventaja de la reactividad diferencial de diferentes tipos de grupos amino primarios disponibles para derivatización. Típicamente, la reacción se realiza en un pH que permite tomar ventaja de las diferencia Pka entre los grupos ɛamino de los residuos de lisina y el grupo α-amino del residuo de terminal N de la proteína. Mediante esta derivatización selectiva, se controla la unión de un polímero soluble en agua que contiene un grupo reactivo tal como un aldehído, con una proteína. La conjugación con el polímero ocurre predominantemente en la terminal N de la proteína sin modificación significativa de otros grupos reactivos tales como los grupos amino de cadena secundaria de lisina.
La alquilación reductora para producir una población sustancialmente homogénea de molécula conjugada de componente de anticuerpo monopolímero puede comprender las etapas de: (a) hacer reaccionar un componente de anticuerpo con PEG bajo condiciones reductoras de alquilación en un Ph adecuado para permitir modificación selectiva del grupo α-amino en la terminal amino del componente de anticuerpo, y (b) obtener el producto o productos de la reacción. El agente reductor usado para alquilación reductora debería ser estable en solución acuosa y preferentemente capaz de reducir solamente la base Schiff formada en el proceso inicial de alquilación reductora. Los agentes reductores preferente incluyen borohidruro de sodio, cianoborohidruro de sodio, dimetilamina borano, trimetilamina borano y piridina borano.
Para una población sustancialmente homogénea de conjugados de inmunoglobulina de monopolímero, las reacciones de reacción de alquilación reductora son aquellas que permiten la unión selectiva de la porción de polímero soluble en agua con la terminal N de la inmunoglobulina. Tales condiciones de reacción generalmente proporcionan las diferencias pKa entre los grupos amino de lisina y el grupo α-amino en la terminal N. El pH también afecta a la proporción de polímero y proteína que se usará. En general, si el pH es inferior, se deseará un exceso mayor de polímero y proteína porque cuanto menos reactivo sea el grupo α-amino de terminal N, más polímero se necesitará para conseguir condiciones óptimas. Si el pH es mayor, el componente polímero:anticuerpo no necesita ser grande porque hay disponible más grupos reactivos. Típicamente, el pH estará en el rango de 3 a 9, o 3 a 6.
Los métodos generales para producir conjugados que comprenden un polipéptido y porciones de polímero soluble en agua son conocidos en la técnica. Véase, por ejemplo, Karasiewicz et al., patente de Estados Unidos Nº 5.382.657, Greenwald et al., patente de Estados Unidos Nº 5.738.846, Nieforth et al., Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 59:636(1996), Monkarsh et al., Anal Biochem. 247:434 (1997)).
Conjugados de fármaco de inmunoglobulina
En realizaciones adicionales, la presente invención incluye conjugados de inmunoglobulina en los que una inmunoglobulina se conjuga con un fármaco o porción citotóxica. La porción de fármaco de los conjugados de fármaco de inmunoglobulina pueden incluir, por ejemplo, cualquier compuesto, porción o grupo que tenga un efecto citotóxico o citoestático. Las porciones de fármaco incluyen, sin limitación: (i) agentes quimioterapéuticos, que pueden funcionar como inhibidores de microtubulina, inhibidores de mitosis, inhibidores de topoisomerasa, o intercaladores de ADN; (ii) toxinas de proteína, que pueden funcionar enzimáticamente; y (iii) radioisótopos.
Porciones de fármaco ejemplares incluyen, aunque no se limitan a, una maitansinoide, una auristatina, una dolastatina, un tricoteceno, CC1065, una calicheamicina y otros antibióticos de enedina, una antraciclina y estereoisómeros, iso-ésteres, análogos o derivados de los mismos.
Los compuestos de maitansina adecuados para su uso como porciones de fármaco de maitansinoide son bien conocidos en la técnica, y pueden aislarse de fuentes naturales de acuerdo con métodos conocidos y producirse usando técnicas de ingeniería genética (véase Yu et al (2002) PROC. NAT. ACAD. SCI. (USA) 99:79687073), o maitansinol y análogos de maitansinol preparados sintéticamente de acuerdo con métodos conocidos.
Porciones de maitansinoide ejemplares incluyen aquellas que tienen un anillo aromático modificado, tal como: C-19-decloro (patente de Estados Unidos Nº 4.256.746) (preparada mediante reducción de hidruro de aluminio de litio de ansamitocina P2); C-20-hidroxi (o C-20-demetil) +/-C-19-decloro (patente de Estados Unidos Números 4.361.650 y 4.307.016) (preparada mediante demetilación usando Streptomyces o Actinomyces o declorinación usando LAH); y C-20-demetoxi, C-20-aciloxi (---OR), +/-decloro (patente de Estados Unidos Nº 4.294.757) (preparada mediante acilación usando cloruros de acilo) y aquellas que tienen modificaciones en otras posiciones.
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El radioisótopo y otras etiquetas pueden incorporarse en el conjugado en modos conocidos (Fraker et al (1978) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 80:49-57; “Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunoscintigraphy” Chatal, CRC Press 1989). El ácido 1-isotiocianotobencil-3-metildieteilineo triaminopentaacético con etiqueta carbon-14 (MX-DTPA) es un agente quelante ejemplar para conjugación de un radionúclido con el anticuerpo (WO 94/11026).
Enlazadores
En ciertas realizaciones de la presente invención, el conjugado de inmunoglobulina incluye una molécula enlazadora que tiene al menos dos sitios reactivos. Un sitio reactivo está unido al residuo de cisteína sustituido de la inmunoglobulina, y el otro sitio reactivo está unido a un átomo o molécula. Un “enlazador” es una porción bifuncional
o multifuncionla que puede usarse para unir una o más porciones de fármaco y una unidad de inmunoglobulina para formar conjugados de inmunoglobulina. Los conjugados de inmunoglobulina pueden prepararse convenientemente usando un enlazador que tenga funcionalidad reactiva para unirse al fármaco u otra molécula y con la inmnoglobulina. Un tiol de cisteína de una inmunoglobulina modificada con una sustitución para cisteína puede formar un enlace con un grupo funcional de un reactivo enlazador, una fracción de fármaco o un intermediario de fármaco-enlazador.
En un aspecto, un enlazador tiene un sitio reactivo que tiene un grupo electrofílico que es reactivo para una cisteína nucleofílica presente en un anticuerpo. El tiol de cisteína del anticuerpo es reactivo con un grupo electrofílico en un enlazador y forma un enlace covalente para un enlazador. Los grupos electrofílicos útiles incluyen, aunque no se limitan a, grupos de maleimida y haloacetamida.
Las inmunoglobulinas modificadas de la invención reaccionan con reactivos enlazadores o intermediarios fármaco-enlazador, con grupos funcionales electrofílicos tale como maleimida o α-halo carbonilo, de acuerdo con el método de conjugación en la página 766 de Klussman, et al. (2004), Bioconjugate Chemistry 15(4):765-773.
El enlazador puede comprender residuos de aminoácido. La unidad de aminoácido, cuando está presente, une la inmunoglobulina con la porción de fármaco de los conjugados de fármaco de inmunoglobulina de la invención.
El enlazador de aminoácido puede ser, por ejemplo, una unidad de dipéptido, tripéptido, tetrapéptido, pentapéptido, hexapéptido, heptapéptido, octapéptido, nonapéptido, decapéptido, undecapéptido o dodecapéptido. Los residuos de aminoácido que comprenden la unidad de aminoácido incluyen aquellos que ocurren de manera natural, así como aminoácidos menores y análogos de minoácidos que ocurren de manera no natural, tal como citrulina.
La unidad de aminoácido puede dividirse enzimáticamente por una o más enzimas, incluyendo una proteasa asociada con tumor, para liberar la porción de fármaco.
En otra realización, el enlazador puede ser un enlazador de tipo dendrítico para unión covalente de más de un porción de fármaco a través de una fracción de enlazador multifuncional con ramas con un anticuerpo (Sun et al (2002) Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 12:2213-2215; Sun et al (2003) Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 11:1761-1768). Los enlazadores dendríticos pueden aumentar la proporción molar de fármaco y anticuerpo, esto es, carga, que se relaciona con la potencia del conjugado de fármaco de inmunoglobulina. Así, cuando una inmunoglobulina modificada contiene solamente un grupo tiol de cisteína reactiva, una multitud de porciones de fármaco pueden unirse a través de un enlazador dendrítico.
En otra realización, el enlazador puede estar sustituido con grupos que modularon la solubilidad o reactividad. Por ejemplo, un sustituyente cargada tal como sulfonato (--SO3) o amonio, puede aumentar la solubilidad en agua del reactivo y facilitar la reacción de unión del reactivo enlazador con la inmunoglofulina de la porción de fármaco, o facilitar la reacción de unión del intermediario inmunoglobulina-enlazador con la porción de fármaco, o el intermediario fármaco-enlazador con la inmunoglobulina, dependiendo de la ruta sintética empleada para preparar el conjugado de inmunoglobulina.
Los compuestos de la invención expresamente contemplan, anquen no están limitados a, conjugados de inmunoglobulina preparados con reactivos enlazadores: BMPEO, BMPS, EMCS, GMBS, HBVS, LC-SMCC, MBS, MPBH, SBAP, SIA, SIAB, SMCC, SMPB, SMPH, sulfo-EMCS, sulfo-GMBS, sulfo-KMUS, sulfo-MBS, sulfo-SIAB, sulfo-SMCC y sulfo-SMPB, y SVSB (succinimidil-(4-vinilsulfona)benzoato) e incluyendo reactivos de bis-maleimida: DTME, BMB, BMDB, BMH, BMOE, BM(PEO)3 y BM(PEO)4, que están disponibles en el mercado en Pierce Biotechnology, Inc., Departamento de Atención al Cliente, Apartado de correos 117, Rockford, ILL. 61105 U.S.A 1800-874-3723, Internacional +815-968-0747. Véase páginas 467-498, 2003-2004 Applications Handbook and Catalog. Los reactivos de bis-maleimida permiten la unión del grupo tiol de una cisteína con una porción de fármaco que contiene tiol, o intermediario enlazador de una manera secuencial o concurrente. Otros grupos funcionales además de maleimida, que son reactivos con un grupo tiol de una cisteína, porción de fármaco, etiqueta o intermediario enlazador incluyen, aunque sin limitación, iodocetamida, bromoacetamida, vinil piridina, disulfuro, piridil disulfuro, isocianato e isotiocianato.
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límite que es ligeramente inferior a cero, por ejemplo, eligiendo átomos o residuos que tienen una Propensión de agregación espacial superior a -0,1, -0,15, -0,2, etc. Alternativamente, puede ser deseable emplear un límite más inflexible, por ejemplo, 0, 0,05, 0,1, 0,15, 0,2, etc., con el fin de elegir los átomos, residuos o zonas hidrofóbicas más fuertes. Además, como el algoritmo da números más altos a residuos en el centro de una zona, los residuos en 3A, 4A, 5A, 7,5A o 10A del residuo que cumplen el límite también pueden seleccionarse para mutación con residuos menos hidrofóbicos para reducir la agregación. En otra realización, puede ser ventajoso simplemente seleccionar átomos o residuos que tengan propensión a agregación espacial mayor que los átomos o residuos que están cercan bien secuencialmente (esto es, a lo lago de la secuencia de proteína) o en una realización preferente, espacialmente (esto es, en la estructura tridimensional). Un método preferente para seleccionar átomos o residuos en una zona hidrofóbica es mapear los valores calculados de Espacio-Agregación-Propensión, por ejemplo, usando un código de color o un código numérico, en el modelo estructural de proteína del que se derivan, visualizado así las diferencias en el propensión a agregación espacial en la superficie de la proteína y de este modo permitiendo una selección sencilla de zonas o residuos hidrofóbicos. En una realización particularmente preferente, el cálculo para propensión a agregación espacial se realiza por separado usando dos valore elegidos para el radio, uno de resolución más alta, por ejemplo, 5A, y uno de resolución más baja, por ejemplo, 10A. En tal realización pueden verse zonas hidrofóbicas más grandes o amplias en la estructura de la proteína con el mapa de menor resolución. Una vez que se seleccionan las zonas hidrofóbicas de interés en el mapa de baja resolución, esas zonas pueden verse con mayor detalle en el mapa de alta resolución que, en algunas realizaciones, puede permitir a un experto en la técnica elegir residuos para mutar o modificar de manera más sencilla y precisa. Por ejemplo, cuando se ve una zona hidrofóbica en el mapa de alta resolución, puede ser deseable seleccionar para mutación el residuo que tiene la puntuación PAE más alta o el que sea más hidrofóbico (por ejemplo, el residuo más hidrofóbico en la zona de acuerdo con la escala de Black y Mould, Anal. Biochem. 1991, 193, 72-82).
En una realización específica un método para identificar una región propensa a agregación en una proteína comprende (a) mapear en el modelo estructural la PAE como se calcula de acuerdo con cualquiera de los métodos aquí descritos para átomos en la proteína; y (b) identificar una región en la proteína que tenga una pluralidad de átomos que tengan un PAE > 0; donde la región propensa a agregación comprende los aminoácidos que comprenden dicha pluralidad de átomos. En gal realización la PAE puede calcularse para todos los átomos en una proteína o una parte de los átomos. Se contempla que PAE pueda calcularse para residuos particulares o grupos de residuos que sean de interés.
En una realización similar, puede ser informativo el gráfico para las puntuaciones de PAE de los átomos (o la puntuación de PAE como el promedio sobre residuos de aminoácido). Tal gráfico que muestra la puntuación de PAE a lo largo de los átomos o residuos de una proteína permite la identificación sencilla de picos, que pueden indicar candidatos para sustitución. En una realización particularmente preferente las puntuaciones de PAE a lo largo de los átomos o residuos en la proteína se representan en un gráfico y el Área Bajo la Curva (ABC) se calcula para picos en el gráfico. En tal realización, los picos con un ABC mayor representan regiones más grandes o más propensas a agregación hidrofóbica. En realizaciones particulares será deseable seleccionar para sustitución uno o más residuos que se identifican por existir en una pico o, más preferentemente, en un pico con un ABC mayor.
En realizaciones particulares la presente invención puede usarse para seleccionar un residuo de una inmunoglobulina para mutación a cisteína. Como aquí se usa, se calcula el valor de PAE de un primer residuo de aminoácido sobre la superficie de una inmunoglobulina. Si el valor de PAE es igual a o está entre los valores 0 y 0,11, el primer residuo se selecciona para mutación a cisteína. En una realización adicional, se calculan los valores de PAE de una pluralidad de residuos de la inmunoglobulina en proximidad inmediata del primer residuo. Si la pluralidad de residuos tiene valores de PAE inferiores a o, el primer residuo se selecciona para mutación a cisteína.
Pueden hacerse variantes de inmunoglobulina mediante cualquier método conocido en la técnica incluyendo mutagénesis dirigida a sitio y otras tecnologías de ADN recombinante, por ejemplo, véase las patentes de Estados Unidos Números 5.284.760; 5.556.747; 5.789.166; 6.878.531; 5.932.419 y 6.391.548.
En realizaciones particulares la presente divulgación puede usarse para hacer una variante de inmunoglobulina que puede conjugarse con un átomo o molécula sustituyendo al menos un residuo de aminoácido expuesto sobre la superficie de la inmunoglobulina identificado por cualquiera de los métodos aquí descritos con un residuo de aminoácido natural, un residuos de aminoácido modificado, un residuo de aminoácido inusual, un residuo de aminoácido no natural o un análogo o derivado de aminoácido que puede usarse para conjugar la inmunoglobulina con un átomo o molécula. En realizaciones preferentes, el residuo de aminoácido expuesto sobre la superficie de la inmunoglobulina se sustituye con cisteína. En otras realizaciones, el residuo de aminoácido se sustituye con lisina, aspartato o pirrolisina.
La síntesis de aminoácido no natural es conocida por aquellos expertos en la técnica y además se describe, por ejemplo, en la publicación de patente de Estados Unidos Nº 2003-0082575. En general, puede emplearse cualquier método conocido en la técnica para sintetizar o incorporar aminoácidos no naturales, modificados o inusuales en proteínas, incluyendo, aunque sin limitarse a, aquellos métodos descritos o referenciados en las publicaciones Liao J. Biotechnol Prog. 2007 Ene-Feb; 23(1):28-31; Rajesh e Igbal. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2006 Ago; 7(4):247-59; Cardillo et al. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2006 Mar; 6(3):293-304; Wang et al. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol
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2010
- 2010-06-04 KR KR1020187014240A patent/KR20180056805A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-06-04 CN CN201610460670.0A patent/CN106117348A/zh active Pending
- 2010-06-04 RU RU2011153327/10A patent/RU2569186C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-06-04 BR BRPI1013016A patent/BRPI1013016A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-06-04 KR KR1020177020810A patent/KR101809506B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-06-04 EP EP17179145.2A patent/EP3248619A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-06-04 ES ES10723460.1T patent/ES2537566T3/es active Active
- 2010-06-04 KR KR1020117029366A patent/KR101763808B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-06-04 MX MX2011012665A patent/MX2011012665A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2010-06-04 KR KR1020177035572A patent/KR101861295B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-06-04 CN CN201080034455.5A patent/CN102458479B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-06-04 US US13/375,466 patent/US8834885B2/en active Active
- 2010-06-04 MX MX2015000083A patent/MX338775B/es unknown
- 2010-06-04 EP EP10723460.1A patent/EP2437785B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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- 2010-06-04 PL PL10723460T patent/PL2437785T3/pl unknown
- 2010-06-04 AU AU2010256410A patent/AU2010256410B2/en not_active Ceased
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- 2010-06-04 WO PCT/US2010/037517 patent/WO2010141902A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-06-04 JP JP2012514202A patent/JP5739880B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-06-04 ES ES15156284.0T patent/ES2643446T3/es active Active
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- 2010-06-04 EP EP15156284.0A patent/EP2896404B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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