ES2329025T3 - Composicion extintora de fuego. - Google Patents
Composicion extintora de fuego. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2329025T3 ES2329025T3 ES03015503T ES03015503T ES2329025T3 ES 2329025 T3 ES2329025 T3 ES 2329025T3 ES 03015503 T ES03015503 T ES 03015503T ES 03015503 T ES03015503 T ES 03015503T ES 2329025 T3 ES2329025 T3 ES 2329025T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- fire
- extinguishing
- fluorinated
- ketone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ABQIAHFCJGVSDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F ABQIAHFCJGVSDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GRVMOMUDALILLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)pentan-3-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F GRVMOMUDALILLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YUMDTEARLZOACP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-decafluorocyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound FC1(F)C(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F YUMDTEARLZOACP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910020314 ClBr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004773 chlorofluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(Cl)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 ketone compound Chemical class 0.000 description 37
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 29
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 21
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 229920004449 Halon® Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 15
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 12
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001266 acyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IYRWEQXVUNLMAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroketone group Chemical group FC(=O)F IYRWEQXVUNLMAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- JSOGDEOQBIUNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(azidomethyl)oxirane Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=NCC1CO1 JSOGDEOQBIUNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- MEXUFEQDCXZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromochlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Br MEXUFEQDCXZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001030 gas--liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- CRJUWMHHXMZFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,4-octafluoro-2-methoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)butane Chemical compound COC(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F CRJUWMHHXMZFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BRWSHOSLZPMKII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)propanoyl fluoride Chemical compound FC(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F BRWSHOSLZPMKII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LKEYHSAKBVEOJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,6,6-trifluorohexan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CCC(F)(F)F LKEYHSAKBVEOJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKRZOJADNVOXPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid dibutyl ester Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(=O)OCCCC JKRZOJADNVOXPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001469893 Oxyzygonectes dovii Species 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ABDBNWQRPYOPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonofluoridic acid Chemical compound OC(F)=O ABDBNWQRPYOPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
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- RMLFHPWPTXWZNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N novec 1230 Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F RMLFHPWPTXWZNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MEMJZBFXKCSMSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane Chemical compound COC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F.COC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MEMJZBFXKCSMSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKIYQFLILPKULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane Chemical compound COC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F OKIYQFLILPKULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOGHAKZMOWNTJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluorohexan-3-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F AOGHAKZMOWNTJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIVXJSMXRSOFRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-undecafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)hexan-3-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F SIVXJSMXRSOFRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSOYZOVXCXYZPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)heptan-3-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F LSOYZOVXCXYZPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUXUGMZKQNYLDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pentan-3-one Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F FUXUGMZKQNYLDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVHYMILWORNTJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,5,6,6,6-octafluoro-2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)hexane-3,4-dione Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(=O)C(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F HVHYMILWORNTJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJPLLYVRTUXAHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,4,4,4-octafluorobutan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QJPLLYVRTUXAHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLXHMXSWIMMEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-hexadecafluorooctan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F FLXHMXSWIMMEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSUFEOXMCRPQBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(F)(F)C(O)(F)F CSUFEOXMCRPQBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBVZTJDHQVIHFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F.FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F PBVZTJDHQVIHFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAKJNULOUJTZMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-3-(trifluoromethoxy)propanoyl fluoride Chemical compound FC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)OC(F)(F)F ZAKJNULOUJTZMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYNPRNNJJLRHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydroxymethyl)butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCC(CO)CO SYNPRNNJJLRHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJXNLVJQMJNEMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[difluoro(methoxy)methyl]-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound COC(F)(F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F DJXNLVJQMJNEMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAWAZQITIZDJRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)Cl OAWAZQITIZDJRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUWGMSJKDIOWQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,4,4-tetrafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F RUWGMSJKDIOWQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WHQHUSWWAFAPSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)CC(C)(C)C(OF)=O Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C(OF)=O WHQHUSWWAFAPSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTPUKBUYGDXTOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N F[C](Cl)Br Chemical compound F[C](Cl)Br WTPUKBUYGDXTOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
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- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical class [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007059 acute toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001265 acyl fluorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous diethylene glycol Natural products OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Br RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011928 denatured alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- AOMUALOCHQKUCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 4-chloro-3-[[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxopropanoyl]amino]benzoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C(NC(=O)CC(=O)C=2C=CC(OC)=CC=2)=C1 AOMUALOCHQKUCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002575 gastroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RTIAQOLKVLAEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-3-yl acetate Chemical compound CCCC(CC)OC(C)=O RTIAQOLKVLAEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000037 inhalation toxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002663 nebulization Methods 0.000 description 1
- QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJFUDWKNZGXSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)OC(C)=O SJFUDWKNZGXSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KAVGMUDTWQVPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N perflubutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F KAVGMUDTWQVPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VBKNTGMWIPUCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;fluoride;hydrofluoride Chemical compound F.[F-].[K+] VBKNTGMWIPUCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- VPAYJEUHKVESSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroiodomethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)I VPAYJEUHKVESSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0057—Polyhaloalkanes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0071—Foams
- A62D1/0085—Foams containing perfluoroalkyl-terminated surfactant
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0092—Gaseous extinguishing substances, e.g. liquefied gases, carbon dioxide snow
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14476099P | 1999-07-20 | 1999-07-20 | |
| US144760P | 1999-07-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2329025T3 true ES2329025T3 (es) | 2009-11-20 |
Family
ID=22510015
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES03015503T Expired - Lifetime ES2329025T3 (es) | 1999-07-20 | 2000-07-19 | Composicion extintora de fuego. |
| ES00948791.9T Expired - Lifetime ES2230125T5 (es) | 1999-07-20 | 2000-07-19 | Uso de cetonas fluoradas en composiciones extintoras de incendios |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES00948791.9T Expired - Lifetime ES2230125T5 (es) | 1999-07-20 | 2000-07-19 | Uso de cetonas fluoradas en composiciones extintoras de incendios |
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|---|---|
| US (2) | US6478979B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1261398B2 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4666855B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100739239B1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU6223600A (enExample) |
| DE (2) | DE60042565D1 (enExample) |
| ES (2) | ES2329025T3 (enExample) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02000676A (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2001005468A2 (enExample) |
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| US6685764B2 (en) * | 2000-05-04 | 2004-02-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Processing molten reactive metals and alloys using fluorocarbons as cover gas |
| US6780220B2 (en) | 2000-05-04 | 2004-08-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for generating pollution credits while processing reactive metals |
| JP5220978B2 (ja) | 2000-08-18 | 2013-06-26 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | フルオロアルキル（メタ）アクリレートコポリマーコーティング組成物 |
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| US6849194B2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2005-02-01 | Pcbu Services, Inc. | Methods for preparing ethers, ether compositions, fluoroether fire extinguishing systems, mixtures and methods |
| GB2370768A (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2002-07-10 | Kidde Plc | Fire and explosion suppression |
| GB2375046B (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2004-11-10 | Kidde Plc | Fire and explosion suppression |
| AU2007254645B2 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2011-04-14 | Kidde Ip Holdings Limited | Fire and explosion suppression agent |
| EP1733764B1 (en) | 2001-03-29 | 2015-03-25 | Kidde IP Holdings Limited | Fire and explosion suppression agent |
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| RU2006101337A (ru) * | 2003-06-18 | 2006-06-10 | Е.И.Дюпон де Немур энд Компани (US) | Способы применения фторкетонов для пожаротушения, предотвращения возгарания и снижения или ликвидации воспламеняемости легковоспламеняющейся рабочей жидкости |
| AU2004316117A1 (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2005-09-01 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Methods using fluorosulfones for extinguishing and preventing fire, |
| US20050038302A1 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2005-02-17 | Hedrick Vicki E. | Systems and methods for producing fluorocarbons |
| DE10341382A1 (de) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-03-31 | Hne Vertriebs- Und System Gmbh | Verfahren und Gerät zum Löschen von Metallbränden |
| US7022658B2 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2006-04-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Azeotrope-like compositions containing hexafluoropropylene dimer and use thereof |
| WO2005049760A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2005-06-02 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Compositions and methods for reducing fire hazard of flammable refrigerants |
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| US7100380B2 (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2006-09-05 | United Technologies Corporation | Organic rankine cycle fluid |
| CA2557874A1 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2005-10-13 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Haloketone refrigerant compositions and uses thereof |
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| KR100637846B1 (ko) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-10-23 | 샬롬엔지니어링 주식회사 | 열차 자동 화재진압 장치 |
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| US20070023740A1 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-01 | Ansul, Inc. | Use of fluorinated esters in fire extinguishing compositions |
| US8287752B2 (en) * | 2005-11-01 | 2012-10-16 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fire extinguishing and fire suppression compositions comprising unsaturated fluorocarbons |
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| US8961812B2 (en) | 2010-04-15 | 2015-02-24 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions comprising Z-1,2-difluoroethylene and uses thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3185734A (en) † | 1960-10-25 | 1965-05-25 | Du Pont | Novel polyfluoro-substituted ketones and their preparation from polyfluoro acid fluorides |
| US3309885A (en) † | 1966-02-04 | 1967-03-21 | Allied Chem | Absorption refrigeration |
| US3840667A (en) † | 1968-06-12 | 1974-10-08 | Atlantic Res Corp | Oxygen-containing atmospheres |
| US3715438A (en) † | 1970-07-22 | 1973-02-06 | Susquehanna Corp | Habitable combustion-suppressant atmosphere comprising air,a perfluoroalkane and optionally make-up oxygen |
| NL7711424A (nl) | 1976-10-23 | 1978-04-25 | Hoechst Ag | Werkwijze voor de bereiding van fluor bevattende ketonen. |
| SU698289A1 (ru) * | 1978-05-24 | 1985-02-23 | Предприятие П/Я Г-4567 | Способ получени перфторэтилизопропилкетона |
| US4749526A (en) * | 1986-09-12 | 1988-06-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. | Process for preparing fluoraliphatic ether-containing carbonyl fluoride compositions |
| EP0609200A1 (en) | 1988-12-02 | 1994-08-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Direct fluorination process for making perfluorinated organic substances |
| US5124053A (en) | 1989-08-21 | 1992-06-23 | Great Lakes Chemical Corporation | Fire extinguishing methods and blends utilizing hydrofluorocarbons |
| US5040609A (en) | 1989-10-04 | 1991-08-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fire extinguishing composition and process |
| US5115868A (en) | 1989-10-04 | 1992-05-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fire extinguishing composition and process |
| US5141654A (en) | 1989-11-14 | 1992-08-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fire extinguishing composition and process |
| US5084190A (en) | 1989-11-14 | 1992-01-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fire extinguishing composition and process |
| FR2662945B1 (fr) | 1990-06-08 | 1995-03-24 | Atochem | Utilisation d'un hydrogenofluoroalcane comme agent extincteur. |
| US5117917A (en) | 1990-07-26 | 1992-06-02 | Great Lakes Chemical Corp. | Fire extinguishing methods utilizing perfluorocarbons |
| JPH082893B2 (ja) | 1991-04-16 | 1996-01-17 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | パーフルオロ環状ケトン及びその製造法 |
| US5611210A (en) | 1993-03-05 | 1997-03-18 | Ikon Corporation | Fluoroiodocarbon blends as CFC and halon replacements |
| US5488142A (en) | 1993-10-04 | 1996-01-30 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fluorination in tubular reactor system |
| US5466877A (en) | 1994-03-15 | 1995-11-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Process for converting perfluorinated esters to perfluorinated acyl fluorides and/or ketones |
| US5476974A (en) | 1994-05-20 | 1995-12-19 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Omega-hydrofluoroalkyl ethers, precursor carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof, and their preparation and application |
| US5457238A (en) | 1994-06-30 | 1995-10-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for the preparation of fluoroketones |
| US5718293A (en) | 1995-01-20 | 1998-02-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fire extinguishing process and composition |
| US6015838A (en) * | 1996-11-04 | 2000-01-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Aqueous film-forming foam compositions |
| JP2893038B1 (ja) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-05-17 | 工業技術院長 | 消火薬剤 |
| US5998671A (en) | 1998-05-15 | 1999-12-07 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Fluorinated ketones and method for making same |
| DE69920286T2 (de) † | 1998-10-26 | 2005-10-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Co., St. Paul | Verfahren zur herstellung von polymerem schaum unter verwendung von fluorierten ketonen als treibmittel |
| US6403149B1 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-06-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorinated ketones as lubricant deposition solvents for magnetic media applications |
-
2000
- 2000-07-19 WO PCT/US2000/019693 patent/WO2001005468A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-07-19 EP EP00948791.9A patent/EP1261398B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-19 DE DE60042565T patent/DE60042565D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-19 KR KR1020027000814A patent/KR100739239B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-19 ES ES03015503T patent/ES2329025T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-19 MX MXPA02000676A patent/MXPA02000676A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-07-19 JP JP2001510550A patent/JP4666855B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-19 US US09/619,306 patent/US6478979B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-19 AU AU62236/00A patent/AU6223600A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-07-19 DE DE60014443.7T patent/DE60014443T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-19 ES ES00948791.9T patent/ES2230125T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-10-11 US US10/269,179 patent/US6630075B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1261398B2 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
| ES2230125T5 (es) | 2016-10-04 |
| JP2003520065A (ja) | 2003-07-02 |
| WO2001005468A8 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
| US6478979B1 (en) | 2002-11-12 |
| AU6223600A (en) | 2001-02-05 |
| KR100739239B1 (ko) | 2007-07-18 |
| WO2001005468A3 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
| DE60014443T2 (de) | 2005-11-17 |
| WO2001005468A2 (en) | 2001-01-25 |
| DE60042565D1 (de) | 2009-08-27 |
| US6630075B2 (en) | 2003-10-07 |
| US20030089877A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
| JP4666855B2 (ja) | 2011-04-06 |
| EP1261398A2 (en) | 2002-12-04 |
| EP1261398B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
| ES2230125T3 (es) | 2005-05-01 |
| MXPA02000676A (es) | 2002-08-30 |
| DE60014443T3 (de) | 2016-09-01 |
| DE60014443D1 (de) | 2004-11-04 |
| KR20020019549A (ko) | 2002-03-12 |
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