ES2239144T3 - Metodos y composiciones para tratar el dolor de la membrana mucosa. - Google Patents
Metodos y composiciones para tratar el dolor de la membrana mucosa.Info
- Publication number
- ES2239144T3 ES2239144T3 ES01948733T ES01948733T ES2239144T3 ES 2239144 T3 ES2239144 T3 ES 2239144T3 ES 01948733 T ES01948733 T ES 01948733T ES 01948733 T ES01948733 T ES 01948733T ES 2239144 T3 ES2239144 T3 ES 2239144T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- percent
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- composition according
- mucoadhesive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019143 vitamin K2 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011728 vitamin K2 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012711 vitamin K3 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011652 vitamin K3 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000030401 vitamin deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940041603 vitamin k 3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003434 xenysalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HLDCSYXMVXILQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenysalate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1O HLDCSYXMVXILQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000707 ximoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950004227 zaltoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960000568 zipeprol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VSTNNAYSCJQCQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zipeprol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)CN(CC1)CCN1CC(O)C(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 VSTNNAYSCJQCQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007680 β-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011590 β-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002478 γ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002446 δ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108020001588 κ-opioid receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020001612 μ-opioid receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/006—Oral mucosa, e.g. mucoadhesive forms, sublingual droplets; Buccal patches or films; Buccal sprays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/485—Morphinan derivatives, e.g. morphine, codeine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0043—Nose
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
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Abstract
En un aspecto, la invención proporciona composiciones y métodos que proporcionan anestesia local de larga duración y alivio eficaz del dolor. Las composiciones de la invención pueden aplicarse por vía tópica sobre el área afectada, por ejemplo, vía un aplicador con dosificador adaptado para pulverización o adaptado para uso con una cánula. Cuando se aplica por vía tópica, las composiciones de la invención proporcionan un efecto anestesiante local poderoso, a pesar de la baja concentración anestésica. Por lo tanto, las composiciones de la invención proporcionan un alivio del dolor significante con absorción sistémica baja y, por lo tanto toxicidad sistémica baja. Las composiciones de la invención, además de la habilidad para permanecer sobre el área afectada por períodos extensos, hidratan y calman. En una realización, las composiciones de la invención pueden aplicarse por vía tópica directamente sobre el área afectada para aliviar el dolor en un sujeto sobre cualquier área del cuerpo de unsujeto. En otra realización, las composiciones de la invención son útiles para aplicación tópica sobre una membrana mucosa de un sujeto, para inducir un efecto anestésico local de larga duración, aliviando con ello el dolor debido a mucositis, tal como inflamación de la mucosa, abrasiones, ulceraciones, y lesiones, sin absorción sistémica signifi- cante. En otra realización, las composiciones de la invención son útiles para aplicación tópica sobre el sitio de la cirugía dental, tal como empaste de raíz o cirugía de extracción de diente, para inducir un efecto anestésico local de larga duración, por lo tanto que alivia el dolor quirúrgico, sin absorción sistémica significante.
Description
Métodos y composiciones para tratar el dolor de
la membrana mucosa.
La invención se refiere a métodos y composiciones
para tratar el dolor asociado a daño de la mucosa, tal como
inflamación, abrasiones, ulceraciones, lesiones, incisiones, y
trauma.
El término membrana mucosa se refiere a los
revestimientos húmedos de la cavidad bucal, cavidad nasal, tracto
gastrointestinal, tracto respiratorio, conjuntivo, vagina, colon,
vejiga urinaria, y uretra (Forstner et al., 1973, J. Cell.
Sci. 12:585; Peppas et al., 1985 J. Control.
Release 2:257; Lehr et al., 1992 J. Control.
Release 18:249; Spiro, 1970 Ann. Rev. Biochem.
39:599; Lebat-Robert et al., 1979
Path. Biol. 24:241). La mucosa bucal normal lisa,
húmeda y rosa es muy sensible e inflamación o ulceración (oral
mucositis) causa dolor severo. La cirugía dental, tal como empaste
de raíz y extracción de diente puede también dañar severamente la
mucosa bucal causando dolor severo. Además, la mucositis oral y
cirugía dental puede inducir estados secundarios, tal como pérdida
de peso y deshidratación por desgana a comer o beber, infección
(bacteriana, fúngica, y viral), fiebre, nausea, y diarrea.
La mucositis oral tiene una variedad de causas,
por ejemplo, infecciones bacterianas, tal como estreptococos;
infecciones virales, tal como virus del herpes simple; infecciones
fúngicas; efectos secundarios de enfermedades sistémicas;
deficiencia de vitaminas; deficiencia de hierro; mordedura de la
mejilla interna; respiración por la boca; diente mellado; aparatos
ortodóncicos; dentaduras postiza mal ajustada; excesivo uso de
alcohol o tabaco; comidas térmicamente calientes; comidas
especiadas; y como un efecto secundario de la medicación. La
mucositis oral con dolor severo es un síntoma padecido por casi
todos los pacientes de quimioterapia. Los síntomas de mucositis
alcanzan su apogeo de 7 a 10 días siguientes a la quimioterapia, y
gradualmente retrocede sobre las dos semanas siguientes. Para una
discusión de las causas y síntomas de la mucositis, veáse The
Merck Manuel, Fifteenth Edition, Merck Sharp & Dohme
Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ, (1987) pp.
2322-2320.
La aplicación tópica de anestésicos locales
pueden proporcionar algún alivio del dolor por mucositis oral y
cirugía dental pero la absorción a través de las membranas mucosas
ocurre rápidamente, y los productos farmacéuticos aplicados sobre
la membrana mucosa para su efecto local causan algunas veces
toxicidad sistémica (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological
Basis of Therapeutics 9th ed. J. G. Harman and L. E. Limird
Eds., McGraw-Hill New Cork 1996 p. 8) especialmente
con las dosis más altas requeridas para un alivio del dolor
adecuado. La absorción sistémica es incluso más probable cuando la
membrana mucosa está ulcerada o inflamada. De este modo, con
composiciones anestésicas tradicionales para mucositis, p. ej.,
enjuague oral de lidocaína al 2 por ciento o ungüento de lidocaína
al 5%, la toxicidad sistémica limita la dosis y de esta manera el
alivio adecuado del dolor es difícil de conseguir. Otras
composiciones menos tóxicas que alivian el dolor, tal como
enjuagues que comprenden peróxido de hidrógeno y bicarbonato sódico
son menos eficaces para reducir el dolor. Un problema adicional con
los enjuagues orales es, esta aplicación siguiente, la acción de
tragar y la saliva reduce la concentración del agente activo sobre
el área afectada, de modo que enjuagues orales que comprenden
anestésicos locales tienen una duración baja de actividad.
En suma, se necesita una composición anestésica
no tóxica, de larga duración eficaz para mejorar el dolor severo
inducido por daño de la mucosa, tal como mucositis y cirugía
dental.
En un aspecto, la invención proporciona
composiciones y métodos que proporcionan anestesia local de larga
duración y alivio eficaz del dolor. Las composiciones de la
invención pueden aplicarse por vía tópica sobre el área afectada,
por ejemplo, vía un aplicador con dosificador adaptado para
pulverización o adaptado para uso con una cánula. Cuando se aplica
por vía tópica, las composiciones de la invención proporcionan un
efecto anestesiante local poderoso, a pesar de la baja
concentración anestésica. Por lo tanto, las composiciones de la
invención proporcionan un alivio del dolor significante con
absorción sistémica baja y, por lo tanto toxicidad sistémica baja.
Las composiciones de la invención, además de la habilidad para
permanecer sobre el área afectada por períodos extensos, hidratan y
calman.
En una realización, las composiciones de la
invención pueden aplicarse por vía tópica directamente sobre el
área afectada para aliviar el dolor en un sujeto sobre cualquier
área del cuerpo de un sujeto.
En otra realización, las composiciones de la
invención son útiles para aplicación tópica sobre una membrana
mucosa de un sujeto, para inducir un efecto anestésico local de
larga duración, aliviando con ello el dolor debido a mucositis, tal
como inflamación de la mucosa, abrasiones, ulceraciones, y
lesiones, sin absorción sistémica signifi-
cante.
cante.
En otra realización, las composiciones de la
invención son útiles para aplicación tópica sobre el sitio de la
cirugía dental, tal como empaste de raíz o cirugía de extracción de
diente, para inducir un efecto anestésico local de larga duración,
por lo tanto que alivia el dolor quirúrgico, sin absorción
sistémica significante.
En una realización más, la invención se refiere a
composiciones que comprenden un mucoadhesivo, un anestésico local o
una de sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptable, y un opioide o una de
sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptable. En una realización
preferida, las composiciones contienen agua y son estériles. En un
realización más preferida, las composiciones de la invención, además
comprenden un agente quelante y un conservante.
En otra realización, la invención se refiere a un
recipiente adaptado para aplicación tópica y que contiene una
composición farmacéuticamente aceptable que comprende un
mucoadhesivo, un anestésico local o una de sus sales
farmacéuticamente aceptable, y un opioide o una de sus sales
farmacéuticamente aceptable. Preferentemente, el recipiente se
adapta para una aplicación dosificada, tal como una bomba
dosificadora para uso con un aplicador para pulverización o
cánula.
En otra realización todavía, la invención se
refiere a un método para inducir anestesia local en la membrana de
la mucosa de un sujeto al aplicar por vía tópica una composición
farmacéuticamente aceptable que comprende un anestésico local o una
de sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptable, y un opioide o una de sus
sales farmacéuticamente aceptable sobre la membrana de la mucosa del
sujeto. Preferentemente, la composición se aplica sobre un área
dentro de la cavidad bucal o nasal del sujeto. Preferentemente, la
composición comprende además un mucoadhesivo.
En otra realización, la invención se refiere a un
método para inducir anestesia local en un sujeto al aplicar por vía
tópica una composición que comprende un mucoadhesivo, un anestésico
local o una de sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptable, y un opioide
o una de sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptable a un sujeto.
Preferentemente, la composición se aplica sobre una superficie de la
mucosa del sujeto, por ejemplo, un área dentro de la cavidad bucal
o nasal del sujeto.
Estas y otras características, aspectos, y
ventajas de la invención se entenderán mejor con referencia a la
siguiente descripción detallada, ejemplos y reivindicaciones
adjuntas.
La expresión "sal(es) farmacéuticamente
aceptable(s)", tal como se usa en este texto incluye,
pero no es limitante, a sales de grupos ácidos o básicos que pueden
estar presentes en compuestos usados en las presentes composiciones.
Los compuestos incluidos en las presentes composiciones que son de
naturaleza básica son capaces de formar una variedad amplia de
sales con varios ácidos inorgánicos y orgánicos. Los ácidos que
pueden usarse para preparar sales de adición ácidas
farmacéuticamente aceptables de tales compuestos básicos son
aquellos que forman sales de adición ácidas no tóxicas, es decir,
sales que contienen aniones farmacológicamente aceptables, que
incluyen, sin ser limitantes, sales de sulfúrico, cítrico, maléico,
acético, oxálico, hidrocloruro, hidrobromuro, hidroyoduro, nitrato,
sulfato, bisulfato, fosfato, fosfato ácido, isonicotinato, acetato,
lactato, salicilato, citrato, citrato ácido, tartrato, oleato,
tanato, pantotenato, bitartrato, ascorbato, succinato, maleato,
gentisato, fumarato, gluconato, glucaronato, sacarato, formato,
benzoato, glutamato, metanosulfonato, etanosulfonato,
bencenosulfonato, p-toluenosulfonato y pamoato (es decir,
1,1'-metilen-bis-(2-hidroxi-3-naftoato)).
Los compuestos incluidos en la presente invención
que incluyen un resto amino pueden formar sales farmacéuticamente
aceptables con varios aminoácidos, además de los ácidos mencionados
anteriormente. Los compuestos, incluidos en las presentes
composiciones, que son de naturaleza ácida son capaces de formar
sales básicas con varios cationes farmacológicamente aceptables.
Ejemplos de tales sales incluyen sales de metales alcalinos o de
metales alcalino-térreos y, particularmente, sales
de calcio, magnesio, sodio, litio, cinc, potasio, y hierro. Para
una revisión de sales farmacéuticamente aceptables véase Berge et
al., 1977 J. Pharm. Sci., 66:1, incorporado en
este texto como referencia.
Tal como se usa en este texto el térmico
"opioide" significa todos los agonistas y antagonistas de
receptores opioides, tal como receptores opioides mu (\mu), kappa
(\kappa), y delta (\delta) y sus subtipos. Para una discusión
sobre receptores opiodes y subtipos véase Goodman and Gilman's
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 9th ed. J. G. Harman
and L. E. Limird Eds., Mc Graw-Hill New York: 1996
pp. 521-555, incorporado en este texto como
referencia. El opioide puede ser cualquier agonista o antagonista
de receptor opioide conocido o por desarrollar. Los opioides
preferidos interaccionan con el receptor
\mu-opioide, el receptor
\kappa-opioide, o ambos. Preferentemente, el
opioide es un agonista de receptor opioide.
Ejemplos de opioides adecuados para uso con la
invención incluyen, pero no son limitantes, alfentanil,
alilprodina, alfaprodina, anileridina, bencilmorfina, bencitramida,
nor-binaltorfimina, bremazocina, buprenorfina,
butorfanol, clonitaceno, codeína, CTOP, DAMGO, desomorfina,
dextromoramida, dezocina, diampromida, dihidrocodeina,
enol-acetato de dihidrocodeína, dihidromorfina,
dimenoxadol, dimefeptanol, dimetiltiambuteno, butirato de
dioxafetilo, dipipanona, diprenorfina, DPDPE, eptazocina,
etoheptazina, etilketociclazocina, etilmetiltiambuteno,
etonitaceno, etorfina, fentanil, hidrocodona, hidromorfona,
hidroxipetidina, isometadona, cetobemidona, levorfanol, lofentanil,
loperamida, meperidina, meptazinol, metazocaína, metadona, metopón,
morfina, mirofina, nalbufina, naltrindol, benzoilhidrazona,
naltrexona, narceína, nicomorfina, norlevorfanol, normetadona,
normorfina, norpipanona, opio, oxicodona, oximorfona, papaveretum,
papaverina, pentazocina, fenadoxona, fenazocina, fenoperidina,
piminodina, pirtramida, proheptazina, promedol, propiram,
propoxifeno, remifentanilo, espiradolina, sufentanilo, tilidina,
U50,488 y U69,593, amifenazol, ciclazocina, levalorfano, nalmefeno,
nalorfina, naloxona, y naltrexona o sus sales farmacéuticamente
aceptables, o sus mezclas.
Ejemplos de opioides peptídicos incluyen, sin ser
limitantes,
Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu
([Leu^{5}]encefalina),
Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met
([Met^{5}]encefalina),
Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ile-Arg-Pro-Lys-Leu-Lys-Trp-Asp-Asn-Gln
(Dinorfina A),
Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Gln-Phe-Lys-Val-Val-Thr
(Dinorfina B),
Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Lys-Tyr-Pro-Lys
(\alpha-Neoendorfina),
Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Lys-Tyr-Pro
(\beta-Neoendorfina),
Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu
(\beta_{h}-Endorfina),
[D-Ala^{2},MePhe^{4}Gly(ol)^{5}]encefalina
(DAMGO),
[D-Pen^{2},D-Pen^{5}]encefalina
(DPDPE),
[D-Ser^{2},Leu^{5}]encefalina-Thr^{6}
(DSLET),
[D-Ala^{2},D-Leu^{5}]encefalina
(DADL),
D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH_{2}
(CTOP),
[D-Ala^{2},N-MePhe^{4},Met(O)^{5}-ol]encefalina
(FK-33824),
Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Asp-Val-Val-Gly-NH_{2}
([D-Ala^{2}]Deltorfina 1),
Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Glu-Val-Val-Gly-NH_{2} ([D-Ala^{2}Glu^{4}]Deltorfina (Deltorfina II)), Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-NH^{2} (Morficeptina), Tyr-Pro-MePhe-D-Pro-NH^{2} (PL-017), [D-Ala^{2},Leu^{5},Cys^{6}]encefalina (DALCE) o una de sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptables, o sus mezclas. Opioides preferidos incluyen morfina, loperamida y derivados de loperamida tal como aquellos descritos en la patente de Estados Unidos Nos. 5 763 445; 5 981 513; 5 869 521; 5 744 458; 5 760 023; 5 798 093; 5 849 762; 5 811 078; 6 004 964; 5 962 477; 5 688 955; 5 888 494; 5 646 151; y 5 667 773 (todas estas patentes están incorporadas como referencia en este texto), o sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptables, o sus mezclas. El opioide más preferido es morfina o una de sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptable.
Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Glu-Val-Val-Gly-NH_{2} ([D-Ala^{2}Glu^{4}]Deltorfina (Deltorfina II)), Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-NH^{2} (Morficeptina), Tyr-Pro-MePhe-D-Pro-NH^{2} (PL-017), [D-Ala^{2},Leu^{5},Cys^{6}]encefalina (DALCE) o una de sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptables, o sus mezclas. Opioides preferidos incluyen morfina, loperamida y derivados de loperamida tal como aquellos descritos en la patente de Estados Unidos Nos. 5 763 445; 5 981 513; 5 869 521; 5 744 458; 5 760 023; 5 798 093; 5 849 762; 5 811 078; 6 004 964; 5 962 477; 5 688 955; 5 888 494; 5 646 151; y 5 667 773 (todas estas patentes están incorporadas como referencia en este texto), o sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptables, o sus mezclas. El opioide más preferido es morfina o una de sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptable.
Tal como se usa en este texto, el término
"anestésico local" significa cualquier fármaco que proporciona
adormecimiento o analgesia local o cualquier fármaco que
proporciona un bloqueo regional de las rutas nociceptivas (aferente
y/o eferente) y que no es un agonista o un antagonista de un
receptor opioide. El anestésico local puede ser cualquier
anestésico local conocido o por desarrollar. Ejemplos de
anestésicos locales adecuados para uso con la invención incluyen:
ambucaína, amolanona, amilcaína, benoxinato, benzocaína,
betoxicaína, bifenamina, bupivacaína, butacaína, butambén,
butanilicaína, butetamina, butoxicaína, carticaína, cloroprocaína,
cocaetileno, cocaína, ciclometicaína, dibucaína, dimetisoquina,
dimetocaína, diperodón, diclonina, ecogonidina, ecogonina,
euprocina, fenalcomina, formocaína, hexilcaína, hidroxitetercaína,
isobutil p-aminobenzoato, leucinocaína, levoxadrol,
lidocaína, mepivacaína, meprilcaína, metabutoxicaína, cloruro de
metilo, mirtecaína, naepaína, octacaína, ortocaína, oxetazaína,
parentoxicaína, fenacaína, fenol, piperocaína, piridocaína,
polidocanol, pramoxina, prilocaína, procaína, propanocaína,
proparacaína, propipocaína, propoxicaína, pseudococaína, pirrocaína,
ropicavaína, alcohol salicílico, tetracaína, tolicaína, trimecaína,
zolamina, o sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptables, o sus
mezclas.
Los anestésicos locales de tipo amida y éster son
preferidos. Los anestésicos locales de tipo amida se caracterizan
por una funcionalidad amida, mientras que los anestésicos locales
de tipo éster contienen una funcionalidad éster. Los anestésicos
locales de tipo amida preferidos, incluyen lidocaína, bupivacaína,
prilocaína, mepivacaína, etidocaína, ropivacaína, dibucaína, y sus
sales farmacéuticamente aceptables y sus mezclas. Los anestésicos
locales de tipo éster preferidos incluyen tetracaína, procaína,
benzocaína, cloroprocaína, y sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptables
y sus mezclas. El anestésico local más preferido es lidocaína. El
significado de "anestésico local" también abarca fármacos no
asociados tradicionalmente con propiedades anestésicas locales pero
que tienen efecto anestésico local, por ejemplo, analgésicos no
narcóticos, tal como, ácido acetilsalicílico, ketoprofeno,
piroxicam, diclofenaco, indometacina, ketorolaco, Vioxx®, y
Celebrex®. Además, con el fin de mejorar la eficacia y tolerancia
de la presente terapia eficaz por vía tópica, los anestésicos
locales con farmacodinámicas y farmacocinéticas diferentes pueden
combinarse en una composición de la invención. Una combinación
preferida de anestésicos locales es lidocaína y prilocaína y otra
combinación preferida es lidocaína y tetracaína.
Tal como se usa en este texto, la expresión
"administración local" de un producto terapéutico, significa
una aplicación tópica del producto terapéutico a un sujeto, a
partir de entonces una cantidad terapéuticamente eficaz del
producto terapéutico se absorbe en el área inmediata de aplicación,
preferentemente, sin absorción significante en el torrente
sanguíneo.
Tal como se usa en este texto, la expresión
"cantidad terapéuticamente eficaz" de las composiciones de la
invención significa que la cantidad requerida para inducir un
efecto anestésico local o adormecimiento suficiente para mejorar el
dolor inducido por ulceración, inflamación, o lesiones de la
membrana bucal o nasal u otras membranas mucosas o el dolor
asociado con trauma de la mucosa, tal como cirugía dental.
Preferentemente, los agentes activos de la composición no se
absorben sistémicamente.
Tal como se usa en este texto, el término
"sujeto" significa cualquier animal, preferentemente un
mamífero, más preferentemente un ser humano.
Tal como se usa en este texto, el término
"mucoadhesivo" significa una sustancia natural o sintética,
p.ej., geles, pastas, macromoléculas, polímeros, y oligómeros, o
sus mezclas, que pueden adherirse a la membrana mucosa de un sujeto
por un periodo de tiempo suficiente para administrar localmente una
cantidad terapéuticamente eficaz de una composición de la invención
a un sujeto. La adhesión de mucoadhesivos a la membrana mucosa
ocurre primeramente vía enlaces químicos secundarios, tal como
enlace de hidrógeno y fuerzas de Van der Waals (Tabor et
al., 1977, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 58:2 and Good
1977 J. Colloid Interface Sci. 59:398). Las
sustancias mucoadhesivas a menudo forman soluciones acuosas
viscosas. La composición en sí no necesita ser mucoadhesiva,
mientras pueda formar un gel mucoadhesivo en contacto con la
membrana mucosa. Por ejemplo, goma gellan en sí es un mucoadhesivo
muy débil. En contacto con la membrana bucal, la goma gellan puede
interaccionar con los iones en la membrana mucosa y formar una capa
de gel adhesiva. De acuerdo con la invención, los mucoadhesivos
poseen propiedades de unión que pueden distinguirse de los no
mucoadhesivos al comparar el grado de adhesión a una superficie de
la mucosa. Por ejemplo, la comparación de un mucoadhesivo potencial
con una emulsión control de viscosidad comparable preparada sin
propiedades mucoadhesivas, p.ej. una solución de almidón. A
viscosidades similares, la emulsión preparada con el mucoadhesivo
se unirá a la superficie de la mucosa más fuertemente que lo hará
la emulsión control, preferentemente al menos 25% mayor unión a la
mucosa que la emulsión control, más preferentemente al menos 50%
mayor, todavía más preferentemente al menos 100% mayor unión a la
mucosa. Cualquier unión mecánica a la membrana mucosa per se
o el grado de efecto biológico de un fármaco administrado puede
usarse como un parámetro de medida para mucoadhesión. Este ensayo
puede usarse para distinguir mucoadhesivos preferidos. Las
sustancias pueden cribarse por su habilidad a ser usadas como
mucoadhesivos para administración local de composiciones de la
invención de acuerdo con la metodología descrita en Smart et
al., 1982, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 34:70P y Smart
et al., 1984 J. Pharm. Pharmacol.
36:295, cuya metodología comprende estimar valores de fuerza
de adhesión entre la sustancia y la membrana mucosa.
Preferentemente, el mucoadhesivo es soluble en agua, de tal modo
que al menos 1% en peso del mucoadhesivo es soluble en agua a 25ºC.
En una realización preferida, el mucoadhesivo exhibirá propiedades
de fluido no-Newtoniana, es decir, la viscosidad
decrece al incrementar las fuerzas de cizallamiento. Por
consiguiente, la viscosidad de la composición puede modularse al
alternar las fuerzas de cizallamiento presentes cuando la
composición se aplica sobre una superficie. Una composición con
propiedades de fluido no-Newtoniana, se vuelve
menos viscosa cuando se agita o se nebuliza, luego, al reposar,
vuelve a su viscosidad original.
Ejemplos de mucoadhesivos para uso en la presente
invención incluyen, sin ser limitantes, pectina, ácido algínico,
quitosán, ácido hialurónico, polisorbatos, tal como
polisorbato-20, -21, -40, -60, -61, -65, -80, -81,
-85; poli(etilenglicol), tal como PEG-7,
-14, -16, -18, -55, -90, -100, -135, -180, -4, -240, -6, -8, -9,
-10, -12, -20, ó -32; oligosacáridos y polisacáridos, tal como
gellan, carragenato, goma xantano, goma arábiga, y dextrano; ésteres
de celulosa y éteres de celulosa; polímeros de celulosa modificada,
tal como carboximetil-celulosa,
hidroxietil-celulosa,
hidroxipropilmetil-celulosa,
hidroxietil-etil-celulosa; polímeros
y oligómeros de poliéter, tal como polioxietileno; productos de
condensación de poli(óxido de etileno) con varios hidrógenos
reactivos que contienen compuestos que tienen cadenas hidrófobas
largas (p.ej. cadenas alifáticas de aproximadamente 12 a 20 átomos
de carbono), por ejemplo, productos de condensación de poli(óxido
de etileno) con ácidos grasos, alcoholes grasos, amidas grasas,
alcoholes polihídricos; compuestos poliéter, tal como
poli(metilviniléter), polioxipropileno de menos de 10
unidades que se repiten; compuestos poliéter, tal como copolímeros
en bloque de óxido de etileno y óxido de propileno; mezclas de
copolímeros en bloque de óxido de etileno y óxido de propileno con
otros excipientes, por ejemplo, organogel pleurónico de lecitina
(véase 1997 International Journal of Pharmaceutical
Compounding 1:71); poli(alcohol vinílico);
poliacrilamida; poliacrilamida hidrolizada; poli(pirrolidona
de vinilo); poli(ácido metacrílico); poli(ácido acrílico) o ácido
poliacrílico reticulado, tal como carbómero, es decir, un
homopolímero de ácido acrílico reticulado con cualquier éter alílico
de pentaeritritol, un éter alílico de sacarosa, o un éter alílico
de propileno (p.ej. Acrisint® 400, 410, ó 430 comercialmente
asequibles en 3V Inc. Weehawkin, NJ); Orabase® (p.ej., una mezcla
de gelatina, pectina y carboximetil-celulosa de
sodio en un gel hidrocarbonado plastificado, comercialmente
asequible en Hoyt Laboratories, Needhm, MA); Carafate® (sacarosa
sulfatada e hidróxido de aluminio, comercialmente asequible en
Marion Laboratorios, Inc., Kansas City, MO). Los copolímeros en
bloque de óxido de etileno y óxido de propileno son particularmente
preferidos. Los copolímeros en bloque preferidos de óxido de
etileno y óxido de propileno se representan por la fórmula I
a
continuación:
continuación:
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
n la que x es un número entero que
tiene un valor medio en el intervalo de aproximadamente 2 a
aproximadamente 128; y es un número entero que tiene un valor medio
en el intervalo de aproximadamente 14 a aproximadamente 80; y z es
un número entero que tiene un valor medio en el intervalo de
aproximadamente 2 a aproximadamente 128. Preferentemente, x e y son
aproximadamente iguales. Los copolímeros en bloque más preferidos
de óxido de etileno y óxido de propileno, que entran dentro del
género representado por la fórmula I, se muestran en la Tabla 1 a
continuación.
\newpage
Nombre | Nombre comercial | Valor | Valor | Valor |
aproximado | aproximado | aproximado | ||
de x | de y | de z | ||
Poloxamer 101 | Pluronic® L-31 | 2 | 16 | 2 |
Poloxamer 105 | Pluronic L-35 | 11 | 16 | 11 |
Poloxamer 108 | Pluronic F-38 | 46 | 16 | 46 |
Poloxamer 122 | Calgene Nonionic® | 5 | 21 | 5 |
1042-L | ||||
Poloxamer 123 | Pluronic L-43 | 7 | 21 | 7 |
Poloxamer 124 | Pluronic L-44 | 11 | 21 | 11 |
Poloxamer 181 | Pluronic L-61 | 3 | 30 | 3 |
Poloxamer 182 | Pluronic L-62 | 8 | 30 | 8 |
Poloxamer 183 | Calgene Nonionic® | 10 | 30 | 10 |
1063-L | ||||
Poloxamer 184 | Pluronic L-64 | 13 | 30 | 13 |
Poloxamer 185 | Pluronic P-65 | 19 | 30 | 19 |
Poloxamer 188 | Pluronic F-68 | 75 | 30 | 75 |
Poloxamer 212 | Calgene Nonionic® | 8 | 35 | 8 |
1072-L | ||||
Poloxamer 215 | Calgene Nonionic® | 24 | 35 | 24 |
1075-P | ||||
Poloxamer 217 | Pluronic F-77 | 52 | 35 | 52 |
Poloxamer 231 | Pluronic L-81 | 6 | 39 | 6 |
Poloxamer 234 | Pluronic P-84 | 22 | 39 | 22 |
Poloxamer 235 | Pluronic P-85 | 27 | 39 | 27 |
Poloxamer 237 | Pluronic F-87 | 62 | 39 | 62 |
Poloxamer 238 | Pluronic F-88 | 97 | 39 | 97 |
Poloxamer 282 | Pluronic L-92 | 10 | 47 | 10 |
Poloxamer 284 | Calgene Nonionic® | 21 | 47 | 21 |
1094-P | ||||
Poloxamer 288 | Pluronic F-98 | 122 | 47 | 122 |
Poloxamer 331 | Pluronic L-101 | 7 | 54 | 7 |
Poloxamer 333 | Pluronic P-103 | 20 | 54 | 20 |
Poloxamer 334 | Pluronic P-104 | 31 | 54 | 31 |
Poloxamer 335 | Pluronic P-105 | 38 | 54 | 38 |
Poloxamer 338 | Pluronic F-108 | 128 | 54 | 128 |
Poloxamer 401 | Pluronic L-121 | 6 | 67 | 6 |
Poloxamer 403 | Pluronic P-123 | 21 | 67 | 21 |
Poloxamer 407 | Pluronic F-127 | 98 | 67 | 98 |
El mucoadhesivo más preferido para uso con la
invención es poloxamer 407. Los copolímeros en bloque de óxido de
etileno y óxido de propileno vendidos bajo el nombre comercial
Pluronic son comercialmente asequibles, p.ej., BASF (Washington,
NJ). Los copolímeros en bloque de óxido de etileno y óxido de
propileno vendidos bajo el nombre comercial Calgene son
comercialmente asequibles, p.ej., Calgene Chemical, Inc. Skokie,
IL.
Preferentemente, cuando se administran a un
sujeto, las composiciones de la invención son ésteriles.
Preservativos adecuados incluyen, pero no son
limitantes, compuestos de amonio cuaternario, tal como cloruro de
benzalconio, cloruro de bencetonio, cetrimida, cloruro de
decalinio, y cloruro de cetilpiridinio; agentes mercuriales, tal
como nitrato fenilmercúrico, acetato de fenilmercúrico, y
timerosal; agentes alcohólicos, por ejemplo, clorobutanol, alcohol
feniletílico, y alcohol bencílico; ésteres antibacterianos, por
ejemplo, ésteres de ácido para- hidroxibenzoico; y otros agentes
anitimicrobianos tal como clorohexidina, clorocresol, y
polimixina.
Agentes quelantes adecuados incluyen, sin ser
limitantes, deferoxamina, ditiocarbo de sodio, edetato de calcio y
disodio, edetato de disodio, edetato de sodio, edetato de trisodio,
penicilamina, pentetato de calcio y trisodio, ácido pentético,
succímero, trientina.
Preferentemente, el pH de la composición está en
el intervalo de aproximadamente 2 a aproximadamente 9, más
preferentemente, aproximadamente 3 a aproximadamente 7, incluso más
preferentemente aproximadamente 4 a aproximadamente 5, y
opcionalmente aproximadamente 4,5. Bajo condiciones ácidas, la
protonación permite enlaces de H entre el polímero y la red de
mucina, que resulta en una retención mejorada del polímero en
contacto con la superficie de la mucosa. El pH puede ajustarse al
añadir un ácido o base acuosos, gota a gota a la composición hasta
que se obtiene el pH deseado. Cualquier pH aceptable
fisiológicamente que ajuste ácidos, bases o tampones son aceptables,
p.ej., ácidos, tal como acético, bórico, cítrico, láctico,
fosfórico, clorhídrico; bases, tal como hidróxido de sodio, fosfato
de sodio, borato de sodio, citrato de sodio, acetato de sodio,
lactato de sodio, THAM (trishidroximetilaminometano); y tampones
tal como citrato/dextrosa, bicarbonato de sodio, cloruro de amonio
y sus mezclas, preferentemente, ácido clorhídrico 0,1 normal para
un pH de menos de 7 e hidróxido de sodio 0,1 normal acuoso para un
pH mayor de 7.
La composición de la invención puede comprender
también antagonistas de receptor NMDA que incluyen, sin ser
limitantes, dextrometorfano, ketamina, piroloquinolina quinona,
cis-4-(fosfonometil)-2-piperidina-ácido
carboxílico, MK801, memantina, D-metadona, o sus
sales farmacéuticamente aceptables.
Las composiciones de la invención pueden también
incluir otros excipientes y productos farmacéuticos. Ejemplos de
excipientes que pueden incluirse en las composiciones tópicas de la
invención incluyen, sin ser limitantes, antibióticos, analgésicos,
agentes antifúngicos, agentes anti-inflamatorios no
esteroideos, agentes anti-tusivos, expectorantes,
glucocorticoides, vitaminas, anti-oxidantes,
agentes para el gusto, agentes edulcorantes, agentes
iso-osmóticos, humectantes, emolientes, agentes
tampones, agentes solubilizantes, agentes de penetración,
protectores, tensioactivos, y propelentes, y otras terapias
convencionales de alivio del dolor tópicas o sistémicas,
analgésicos, y productos farmacéuticos.
Ejemplos de antibióticos adecuados incluyen, sin
ser limitantes, antibióticos aminoglicosídicos; tal como
apramicina, arbekacina, bambermicinas, butirosina, dibekacina,
neomicina, undecilenato de neomicina, netilmicina, paromomicina,
ribostamicina, sisomicina, y espectinomicina; antibióticos de
amfenicol, tal como azidanfenicol, cloranfenicol, florfenicol, y
tianfenicol; antibióticos de ansamicina, tal como rifamida y
rifampina; carbacefemos, tal como loracarbef; carbapenemos, tal
como bianepem e imipenem; cefalosporinas, tal como cefaclor,
cefadroxilo, cefamandol, cefatrizina, cefazedona, cefozoprán,
cefpimizol, cefpiramida, y cefpiroma; cefamicinas, tal como
cefbuperazona, cefmetazol, cefminox; monobactamas, tal como
aztreonam, carumonam, y tigemonam; oxacefemos, tal como flomoxef, y
moxalactama; penicilinas, tal como amdinocilina amdinocilina
pivoxil, amoxicilina, bacampicilina, ácido bencilpenicilínico,
bencilpenicilina de sodio, epicilina, fenbenicilina, floxacilina,
penamcilina, hidroioduro de penetamato, penicilina
o-benetamina, penicilina 0, penicilina V, penicilina V
benzatina, penicilina V hidrabamina, penimepiciclina, y
fencihicilina de potasio; lincosamidas, tal como clindamicina, y
lincomicina; macrólidos, tal como azitromicina, carbomicina,
claritomicina, diritromicina, eritromicina, acistrato de
eritromicina; polipéptidos, tal como anfomicina, bacitracina,
capreomicina, colistina, enduracidina, y enviomicina;
tetraciclinas, tal como apiciclina, clortetraciclina, clomociclina,
y demeclociclina; 2,4-diaminopirimidinas, tal como
brodimoprima; nitrofuranos, tal como furaltadona, y cloruro de
furazolio; quinolonas y análogos, tal como cinoxacina,
ciprofloxacina, clinafloxacina, flumequina, y grepagloxacina;
sulfonamidas, tal como sulfametoxipirazina de acetilo,
bencilsulfamida, noprilsulfamida, ftalilsulfacetamida,
sulfacrisoidina, y sulfacitina; sulfonas, tal como diatimosulfona,
glucosulfona de sodio, y solasulfona; y otros, tal como
cicloserina, mupirocina, y tuberina.
Ejemplos de analgésicos adecuados incluyen, sin
ser limitantes, aceclofenaco, acetaminofeno, acetaminosalol,
acetanilida, ácido acetilsalicilsalicílico, aclofenaco,
alminoprofeno, aloxiprina, bis(acetilsalicilato) de aluminio,
aminoclortenoxazina,
2-amino-4-picolina,
aminopropilona, aminopirina, salicilato de amonio, amtolmetina
guacilo, antipirina, salicilato de antipirina, antrafenina,
apazona, aspirina, benorilato, beoxaprofeno, benzpiperilona,
bencidamina, bermoprofeno, bromfenaco,
p-bromoacetanilida, acetato de ácido
5-bromosalicílico, bucetina, bufexamaco, bumadizona,
butacetina, acetilsalicilato de calcio, carbamazepina, carbifeno,
carsalam, clortenoxazina, salicilato de colina, cincofeno,
ciramadol, clometacina, clonixina, cropropamida, crotetamida,
dexoxadrol difenamizol, difiunisal, acetilsalicilato de
dihidroxialuminio, dipirocetilo, dipirona, emorfazona, ácido
enfenámico, epirizol, etersalato, etenzamida, etoxaceno, etodolaco,
felbinaco, fenoprofeno, floctafenina, ácido flufenámico,
fluoresona, flupirtina, fluprocuazona, flurbiprofeno, fosfosal,
ácido gentísico, glafenina, ibufenaco, salicilato de imidazol,
indometacina, indoprofeno, isofezolaco, isoladol, isonixina,
ketoprofeno, ketorolaco, p- lactofenetida, lefetamina,
lornoxicam, loxoprofeno, acerilsalicilato de lisina,
acetilsalicilato de magnesio, metotrimeprazina, metofolina,
mofezolaco, morazona, morfolina, salicilato de naproxeno, nefotam,
nifenazona,
5'-nitro-2'-propoxiacetalinilida,
parsalmida, perisoxal, fenacitina, hidrocloruro de fenazopiridina,
fenocol, fenopirazona, acetilsalicilato de fenilo, salicilato de
fenilo, feniramidol, pipebuzona, piperilona, propacetamol,
propifenazona, ramifenazona, metilsulfato de rimazolio,
salacetamida, salicina, salicilamida, salicilamida ácido
o-acético, ácido salicilsulfúrico, salsalato, salverina,
simetrida, salicilato de sodio, suprofeno, talniflumato, tenoxicam,
terofenamato, tetrandrina, tinoridina, ácido tolfenámico, tramadol,
tropesina, vinimol, xenbucina, y zomepiraco.
Ejemplos de agentes antifúngicos adecuados
incluyen, sin ser limitantes, polienos, tal como anfotericina b,
candicidina, mepartricina, natamicina, y nistatina; alilaminas, tal
como butenafina, y naftifina; imidazoles, tal como bifonazol,
butonazol, clordantoína, flutrimazol, isoconazol, ketoconazol, y
lanoconazol; tiocarbamatos, tal como tolciclato, tolindato, y
tolnaftato; triazoles, tal como fluconazol, itraconazol,
saperconazol, y terconazol; y otros, tal como
bromosalicilcloranilida, buclosamida, propionato de calcio,
clorfenesina, y ciclopirox; y otros, tal como azaserina,
griseofulvina, oligomicinas, undecilenato de neomicina,
pirrolnitrina, sicanina, tubercidina, y viridina.
Ejemplos de agentes
anti-inflamatorios no-esteroideos
incluyen, sin ser limitantes, derivados de ácido
aminoarilcarboxílico, tal como ácido enfenámico, etofenamato, ácido
flufenámico, isonixina, ácido meclofenámico, ácido mefenámico,
ácido niflúmico, talniflumato, terofenamato, y ácido tolfenámico,
derivados de ácido arilacético, tal como aceclofenaco, acemetacina,
alclofenaco, amfenaco, amtolmetina guacilo, bromfenaco, bufexamaco,
cinmetacina, clopiraco, diclofenaco de sodio, etodolaco, felbinaco,
ácido fenclócico, fentiazaco, glucametacina, ibufenaco,
indometacina, isofezolaco isoxepaco, lonazolaco, ácido metiacínico,
mofezolaco, oxametacina, pirazolaco, proglumetacina, sulindaco,
tiaramida, tolmetina, tropesina, y zomepiraco; derivados de ácido
arilbutírico, tal como bumadizona, butibufeno, fenbufeno,
xenbucina; ácidos arilcarboxílicos, tal como clidanaco, ketorolaco,
tinoridina; derivados de ácido arilpropiónico, tal como
alminoprofeno, benoxaprofina, bermoprofeno, ácido buclóxico,
carprofeno, fenoprofeno, flunoxaprofeno, flurbiprofeno, ibuprofeno,
ibuproxam, indoprofeno, ketoprofeno, loxoprofeno, naproxeno,
oxaprozina, piketoprofina, pirprofeno, pranoprofeno, ácido
protizínico, suprofeno, ácido tiaprofénico, ximoprofeno, y
zaltoprofeno; pirazoles, tal como difenamizol, y epirozol;
pirazolonas, tal como apazona, benzpiperilona, feprazona,
mofebutazona, morazona, oxifenbutazona, fenilbutazona, pipebuzona,
propilfenazona, ramifenazona, suxibuzona, y tiazolinobutazona;
derivados de ácido salicílico, tal como acetilaminosalol, aspirina,
benorilato, bromosaligenina, acetilsalicilato de calcio,
diflunisal, etersalato, fendosal, ácido gentísico,
glicol-salicilato, salicilato de imidazol,
acetilsalicilato de lisina, mesalamina, salicilato de morfolina,
salicilato de 1-naftilo, olsalazina, parsalmida,
fenil-acetilsalicilato,
fenil-salicilato, salacetamida, ácido
o-acético de salicilamida, ácido salicilsulfúrico, salsalato,
sulfasalizina; tiazinacarboxamidas, tal como ampiroxicam, droxicam,
isoxicam, lornoxicam, piroxicam, y tenoxicam; y otros, tal como
ácido \varepsilon-acetamidocaproico,
s-adenosilmetionina, ácido
3-amino-4-hidroxibutírico,
amixetrina, bendazaco, bencidamina,
\alpha-bisabolol, bucololoma, difenpiramida,
ditazol, emorfazona, fepradinol, guaiazuleno, nabumetona,
nimesulida, oxaceprol, paranilina, perisoxal, procuazona,
superóxido dismutasa, tenidap, y zilenton.
Ejemplos de agentes antitusivos adecuados
incluyen, sin ser limitantes, aloclamida, amicibona, benproperina,
benzonatato, bromuro de bibenzonio, bromoformo, butamirato,
butetamato, etanodisulfonato de caramifeno, carbetapentano,
clofeniadol, clobutinol, cloperastina, codeína, bromuro de
metil-codeína, codeína n-óxido, fosfato de codeína,
sulfato de codeína, ciclexanona, dimetoxanato, dropropizina,
drotebanol, eprazinona, etil-dibunato, etilmorfina,
fominobén, guaiapato, hidrocodona, isoaminilo, levopropoxifeno,
morclofeno, narceína, mormetadona, noscapina, oxeladina, oxolamina,
folcodina, picoperina, pipazetato, piperidiona, hidrocloruro de
prenoxdiazina, racemetorfano, dibunato de sodio, tipepidina, y
zipeprol.
Ejemplos de expectorantes adecuados incluyen, sin
ser limitantes, ambroxol, bicarbonato de amonio, carbonato de
amonio, bromhexina, ioduro de calcio, carbocisteína, guaiacol,
benzoato de guaiacol, guaiacolcarbonato, fosfato de guaiacol,
guaifenesina, guaitilina, ácido yodhídrico, glicerol yodado,
guaiacolsulfonato de potasio, ioduro de potasio, citrato de sodio,
ioduro de sodio, storax, terebeno, terpina, y trifolio.
Glucocorticoides adecuados incluyen, sin ser
limitantes, 21-acetoxipregnolona, alclometasona,
algestona, amcinonida, beclometasona, betametasona, budesonida,
cloroprednisona, clobetasol, clobetasona, clocortolona, cloprednol,
corticosterona, cortisona, cortivazol, deflazacort, desonida,
desoximetasona, dexametasona, diflorasona, diflucortolona,
difluprednato, enoxolona, fluazacort, flucloronida, flumetasona,
flunisolida, fluocinolona acetónido, fluocinonida, flucortina de
butilo, fluocortolona, fluorometolona, acetato de fluperolona,
acetato de fluprednideno, fluprednisolona, flurandrenolida,
propionato de fluticasona, formocortal, halcinonida, propionato de
halobetasol, halometasona, acetato de halopredona, hidrocortamato,
hidrocortisona, etabonato de loteprednol, mazipredona, medrisona,
meprednisona, metilprednisolona, furoato de mometasona,
parametasona, prednicarbato, prednisolona,
25-dietilamino-acetato de
prednisolona, fosfato de sodio de prednisolona, prednisona,
prednival, prednilideno, rimexolona, tixocortol, triamcinolona,
acetónico de triamcinolona, benetónido de triamcinolona, y
hexacetónido de triamcinolona.
Vitaminas adecuadas incluye, sin ser limitantes,
calcipotrieno, calcitriol, ergosterol,
1\alpha-hidroxicolecalciferol, vitamina D_{2+},
vitamina D_{3+}, ácido ascórbico, ascorbato de calcio, ascorbato
de nicotinamida, ascorbato de sodio,
\alpha-caroteno, \beta-caroteno,
\delta-caroteno, vitamina A, cobamamida, ácido
fólico, hidroxocobalamina, folato de sodio, vitamina B_{12},
menadiol, menadiona, menadoxima, menaquinonas, filoquinona,
vitamina H_{5+}, inositol, \beta-tocoferol,
\gamma-tocoferol,
\delta-tocoferol, vitamina E, acetato de vitamina
E, y vitamina U.
Ejemplos de anti-oxidantes
adecuados incluyen, sin ser limitantes, ácido ascórbico, ascorbato
de sodio, bisulfito de sodio, tiosulfato de sodio,
8-hidroxiquinolina, y N-acetilcisterina.
Ejemplos de agentes del gusto adecuados incluyen,
sin ser limitantes, aceite de hierbabuena, menta, gaulteria,
sasafrás, clavo, salvia, eucalipto, orégano, canela, limón, y
naranja, y salicilato de metilo.
Ejemplos de agentes edulcorantes adecuados
incluyen, sin ser limitantes, sacarosa, lactosa, maltosa, sorbitol,
xilitol, ciclamato de sodio, perillartina, AMP
(aspartil-fenil-alalina,
metiléster), y sacarina.
Las composiciones de la presente invención pueden
incluir opcionalmente un agente iso-osmótico que
funciona para prevenir la irritación de la mucosa por la
composición. Ejemplos de agentes iso-osmóticos
farmacéuticamente aceptables que pueden emplearse incluyen cloruro
de sodio, dextrosa, y cloruro de calcio.
Preferentemente, la cantidad de anestésico local
en la composición está en el intervalo de aproximadamente 0,005 por
ciento a aproximadamente 2 por ciento del peso total de la
composición, más preferentemente, de aproximadamente 0,01 por
ciento a aproximadamente 0,5 por ciento del peso total de la
composición.
Para tratamiento de mucositis oral, una
concentración preferida de anestésico local es de aproximadamente
0,02 por ciento a aproximadamente 0,1 por ciento del peso total de
la composición, más preferentemente, de aproximadamente 0,04 por
ciento a aproximadamente 0,08 por ciento. Para tratamiento de
estados de más dolor, tal como una cirugía dental (p.ej.,
extracción de diente o empaste de raíz), una concentración
preferida de anestésico local está de aproximadamente 0,1 por
ciento a aproximadamente 0,4 por ciento del peso total de la
composición, más preferentemente, de aproximadamente 0,2 por ciento
a 0,3 por ciento.
Preferentemente, la cantidad de opioide en la
composición está en el intervalo de aproximadamente 0,005 por
ciento a aproximadamente 3 por ciento del peso total de la
composición, más preferentemente, de aproximadamente 0,01 por ciento
a aproximadamente 2 por ciento, aún más preferentemente, de
aproximadamente 0,05 por ciento a aproximadamente 1 por ciento del
peso total de la composición. Para tratamiento oral de mucositis,
una concentración preferida de opioide es de aproximadamente 0,1
por ciento a aproximadamente 0,3 por ciento del peso total de la
composición. Para tratamiento de estados de más dolor, tal como una
cirugía dental, una concentración preferida de opioide es de
aproximadamente 0,3 por ciento a aproximadamente 0,8 por ciento del
peso total de la composición, más preferentemente, de
aproximadamente 0,4 por ciento a aproximadamente 0,5 por
ciento.
Preferentemente, la cantidad de mucoadhesivo en
la composición está en el intervalo de aproximadamente 0,1 por
ciento a aproximadamente 40 por ciento del peso total de la
composición, más preferentemente, de aproximadamente 10 por ciento
a aproximadamente 30 por ciento, y opcionalmente, de aproximadamente
15 por ciento a aproximadamente 25 por ciento del peso total de la
composición.
Preferentemente, la cantidad de agua en la
composición está en el intervalo de aproximadamente 95 por ciento a
aproximadamente 10 por ciento del peso total de la composición, más
preferentemente, de aproximadamente 90 por ciento a aproximadamente
50 por ciento, y opcionalmente, de aproximadamente 85 por ciento a
aproximadamente 75 por ciento del peso total de la composición.
Cuando se usa un agente quelante,
preferentemente, está presente en una cantidad en el intervalo de
aproximadamente 0,005 por ciento a aproximadamente 1 por ciento del
peso total de la composición, más preferentemente, de
aproximadamente 0,01 por ciento a aproximadamente 0,5 por ciento,
aún más preferentemente, de aproximadamente 0,05 por ciento a
aproximadamente 0,2 por ciento de la composición.
Cuando se usa un conservante, preferentemente,
está presente en una cantidad en el intervalo de aproximadamente
0,0001 por ciento a aproximadamente 0,2 por ciento del peso total
de la composición, más preferentemente, de aproximadamente 0,0005
por ciento a aproximadamente 0,1 por ciento, y opcionalmente, de
aproximadamente 0,001 por ciento a aproximadamente 0,05 por ciento
del peso total de la composición.
Para aliviar dolor de mucositis, las
composiciones de la invención se aplican tópicamente directamente
sobre el área afectada. Las composiciones de la invención pueden
aplicarse sobre el área afectada de la membrana mucosa en una
manera cualquiera convencional bien conocida en la técnica, por
ejemplo, como una niebla vía un aplicador con aerosol, mediante
cánula, vía un parche, mediante un cuentagotas, o mediante una
barra aplicadora, preferentemente como una niebla, más
preferentemente como una niebla dosificada. Se puede pulverizar una
niebla sobre el área a tratar vía un recipiente con aerosol,
presurizado o no presurizado, preferentemente una bomba no
presurizada. Para aplicaciones más específicas, se puede usar una
cánula. La cánula puede estar unida a una bomba presurizada o no
presurizada, preferentemente una bomba no presurizada.
Una bomba no presurizada adecuada para aplicación
de composiciones de la invención puede comprender un recipiente,
una válvula, un accionador, y opcionalmente un tubo sumergido. El
recipiente de la bomba no presurizada puede ser de metal, tal como
un acero chapado de estaño o aluminio, vidrio, o plástico. El
primer propósito de la válvula es regular el flujo del producto del
recipiente. Proporciona un medio para descargar de la cantidad
deseada. Se describen válvulas para pulverización adecuadas en
Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 18th Edition, ed.
Alfonso Gennaro, Mack Publishing Co. Easton, PA, 1990 pp.
1703-1704, incorporado en este texto como
referencia. El accionador proporciona un medio para liberar los
contenidos del recipiente presurizado. Se describen accionadores
adecuados en Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 18th
Edition, ed. Alfonso Gennaro, Mack Publishing Co. Easton, PA, 1990
pp. 1704-1705, incorporado en este texto como
referencia.
Preferentemente, la bomba medidora es una Bomba
Screw-On VP7 (90 \mul, 18/415) comercialmente
asequible en Valois of America, Inc. (Greenwich, CT). La Bomba
Screw-On VP7 7 se fabrica con polietileno y
prolipropileno. Está diseñada de manera que el gatillo de apertura
hidráulico elimina el uso de cualquier junta elastomérica en
contacto con el producto. La bomba tiene una cámara de dosificación
anular, que se llena solamente en el retorno total del accionador
para asegurar la dosificación y precisión totales.
El accionador preferido es el accionador de
cuello largo 132C-BL GP4 BL comercialmente
asequible en Valois Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Preferentemente, el
accionador se fabrica con polietileno y prolipropileno y,
preferentemente, contiene un inserto cautivo para proporcionar una
forma de pulverización bien- atomizada. El inserto cautivo también
reduce el volumen muerto en el accionador.
Cuando se usa una cánula, para aplicación sobre
un área específica mejor que un pulverizador, el accionador
preferido es una cánula de acero inoxidable de aproximadamente 73
mm de longitud, por ejemplo, la cánula de acero inoxidable 215
comercialmente asequible en Valois Pharmaceuticals, Inc. También se
pueden usar cánulas de polietileno y prolipropileno.
Las composiciones de la invención también pueden
administrarse sobre la cavidad bucal o nasal vía un parche que se
aplica adyacente al área de la piel a tratar. Tal como se emplea en
este texto "parche" comprende al menos una composición de la
invención y una capa de revestimiento, tal que, el parche puede
situarse sobre el área a tratar. Preferentemente, el parche se
diseña para maximizar la administración local y para minimizar la
absorción en el sistema circulatorio, reducir el tiempo de demora,
promocionar absorción uniforme, y reducir el desprendimiento por
roce. Se describen parches adecuados en Transdermal and Topical
Drug Delivery Systems, Interpharm Press, Inc. pp.
249-297, incorporado en este texto con referencia.
Se describen parches adecuados para administración bucal de
composiciones de la invención en las Patentes de Estados Unidos Nos.
5 713 852 y 4 900 552, estando ambas incorporadas en este texto
como referencia.
La cantidad de la composición de la invención
aplicada sobre los pasos bucales o nasales variará dependiendo del
mucoadhesivo particular, anestésico local, y opioide usados; la
naturaleza y severidad de la lesión o inflamación de la mucosa que
se trata, y el sujeto. La composición se aplicaría sobre el área
afectada como recomienda el médico, preferentemente, como necesita
el paciente para aliviar el dolor. Por ejemplo, se puede
suministrar una dosis de aproximadamente 0,05 mg a aproximadamente
4 mg de sulfato de morfina y 0,02 mg a aproximadamente 3 mg de
hidrocloruro de lidocaína en aproximadamente 0,5 g a
aproximadamente 3 g de composición sobre el área afectada. Cuando se
aplica como una pulverización, se puede administrar una dosis de
aproximadamente 2 g de sulfato de morfina y aproximadamente 1 mg de
hidrocloruro de lidocaína en aproximadamente 1,5 g de composición
sobre el área afectada. Para aplicaciones más precisas mediante
cánula, se puede administrar una dosis de aproximadamente 2 mg de
sulfato de morfina y aproximadamente 1 mg de hidrocloruro de
lidocaína en aproximadamente 0,4 g de composición sobre el área
afectada.
En una realización preferida de administración,
la dosis se suministra con un accionador por pulverizaciónen en
aproximadamente 8 a aproximadamente 20 cargas de pulverización
separadas, más preferentemente aproximadamente 16 cargas de
pulverización, en las que cada carga de pulverización pesa
aproximadamente 50 mg a aproximadamente 150 mg, más preferentemente
aproximadamente 100 mg. En otra realización preferida de
administración, la dosis se suministra vía cánula en
aproximadamente 4 cargas de pulverización, en las que cada carga de
pulverización pesa aproximadamente 100 mg.
Aunque la presente invención se ha descrito en
considerable detalle con referencia a ciertas realizaciones
preferidas, son posibles otras realizaciones. Por lo tanto, el
espíritu y alcance de las reivindicaciones adjuntas no deberían ser
limitados por la descripción de las realizaciones preferidas
contenidas en este texto.
Los ejemplos siguientes se proporcionan con
propósitos ilustrativos solamente y no se interpretan como
limitantes del alcance de la invención de ninguna manera.
Se describe una composición de la presente
invención en la Tabla 2 a continuación.
\hskip1.5cm Ingrediente | Peso | Porcentaje en |
peso | ||
Sulfato de morfina pentahidratada | 122,6 mg | 0,2 |
Hidrocloruro de lidocaína monohidratada | 65,4 mg | 0,06 |
Poloxamer 407 | 20 g | 19,3 |
Edetato de disodio dihidratado | 100 mg | 0,1 |
Cloruro de benzacolnio (solución acuosa al 50%) | 30 mg | 0,03 |
Agua estéril | 80 g | 77,4 |
Ácido clorhídrico 0,1 N | 3 g | 2,9 |
Se disolvieron sulfato de morfina pentahidratada
(122,6 mg), hidrocloruro de lidocaína monohidratada (65,4 mg), y
edetato de disodio dihidratado (100 mg) en 80 g de agua estéril. La
solución resultante se enfrió a 10ºC en un baño de hielo y se
añadió lentamente poloxamer 407 (20 g) mezclando hasta que el
Poloxamer 407 se disolvió completamente. La solución se mantuvo a
aproximadamente 10ºC hasta que la espuma colapsó. Se añadieron
aproximadamente 4 g de la solución a un vial de 5 ml y se enroscó
una bomba Valois VP7/90 18/415 sobre el vial y se refrigeró a 4ºC
durante 30 minutos. El vial se retiró del refrigerador y se cebó la
bomba medidora usando el accionador Valois 165. El accionador
Valois 165 se retiró y el vial lleno se almacenó a 4ºC hasta que la
espuma colapsó. El vial se retiró del refrigerador y se dejó a
temperatura ambiente (25ºC) hasta que los contenidos
gelificaron.
La viscosidad de la pulverización oral preparada
anteriormente se midió usando un viscosímetro Brookfield RVT. A
30ºC la viscosidad fue 82,666 cps (media sobre tres
determinaciones) y a 40ºC la viscosidad fue 95,666 cps (media sobre
tres determinaciones).
La composición puede aplicarse tal como sigue.
Unir el accionador de cuello largo a la bomba medidora y almacenar
la unidad a 4ºC durante al menos 30 minutos. Para cebar la bomba
(7-8 pulverizaciones), con accionador en la
posición arriba, presionar el accionador firmemente y rápidamente
para pulverizar en un recipiente de residuos, sujetar el accionador
durante aproximadamente un segundo cuando está en la posición
presionada siguiendo cada pulverización. Con el accionador en la
posición arriba, presionar el accionador firmemente y rápidamente
para pulverizar sobre la superficie del sujeto a tratar. Sujetar el
accionador de dos a tres segundos cuando está en la posición
presionada siguiendo cada pulverización. Aplicar un total de 16
cargas de pulverización para una aplicación total de
aproximadamente 2 mg de sulfato de morfina y aproximadamente 1 mg
de hidrocloruro de lidocaína en aproximadamente 1,5 g de
composición. Una vez que la pulverización se pone en contacto con la
membrana mucosa a la temperatura corporal, el líquido formará un
gel mucoadhesivo viscoso. Si se tarda más de 90 segundos en aplicar
16 cargas de pulverización, almacenar la unidad a 4ºC durante 10
minutos para enfriar el contenido antes de más usos.
Se describe una segunda composición de la
presente invención en la Tabla 2 a continuación.
\hskip1.5cm Ingrediente | Peso | Porcentaje en |
peso | ||
Sulfato de morfina pentahidratada | 490,5 mg | 0,48% |
Hidrocloruro de lidocaina monohidratada | 261,5 mg | 0,25% |
Poloxamer 407 | 20 g | 19,4% |
Edetato de disodio dihidratado | 100 mg | 0,097 |
Cloruro de benzacolnio (solución acuosa al 50%) | 30 mg | 0,029% |
Agua estéril | 80 g | 77,6% |
Ácido clorhídrico 0,05 N | 2,2 g | 2,1% |
Se disolvieron sulfato de morfina pentahidratada
(490,48 mg), hidrocloruro de lidocaína monohidratada (261,6 mg), y
edetato de disodio dihidratado (100 mg) en 80 g de agua estéril. La
solución resultante se enfrió a 10ºC en un baño de hielo y se
añadió lentamente poloxamer 407 (20 g) mezclando hasta que el
Poloxamer 407 se disolvió completamente. La solución se mantuvo a
aproximadamente 10ºC hasta que la espuma colapsó. Se añadieron
aproximadamente 4 g de la solución a un vial de 5 ml y se enroscó
una bomba Valois VP7/90 18/415 sobre el vial y se refrigeró a 4ºC
durante 30 minutos. El vial se retiró del refrigerador y se cebó la
bomba medidora empleando el accionador Valois 165. El accionador
Valois 165 se retiró y el vial lleno se almacenó a 4ºC hasta la
espuma que colapsó. El vial se retiró del refrigerador y se dejó a
temperatura ambiente (25ºC) hasta que los contenidos
gelificaron.
La viscosidad de la pulverización oral preparada
anteriormente se midió usando un viscosímetro Brookfield RVT. A
30ºC la viscosidad fue 81,000 cps (media sobre tres
determinaciones) y a 40ºC la viscosidad fue 94,333 cps (media sobre
tres determinaciones).
La composición puede aplicarse tal como sigue
usando un accionador de cuello largo descrito anteriormente (para
aplicación con pulverización) o mediante cánula (para aplicación
sobre el área específica). Se recomiendan un total de 4 cargas de
pulverización. Para aplicación sobre un área específica mediante
cánula mejor que con una pulverización, el accionador preferido es
una cánula de acero inoxidable de aproximadamente 73 mm de
longitud, por ejemplo, la cánula de acero inoxidable 215
comercialmente asequible en Valois Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Lo anteriormente descrito ha reseñado ampliamente
las características más pertinentes e importantes de la presente
invención. A pesar de que es evidente que la invención descrita en
este texto está bien calculada para satisfacer los objetos
descritos anteriormente, se apreciará que se pueden diseñar
numerosas modificaciones y realizaciones por el experto en la
técnica. Por lo tanto, se pretende que las reivindicaciones
adjuntas cubran todas estas modificaciones.
Claims (20)
1. Una composición que comprende un mucoadhesivo,
un anestésico local o una de sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptable,
y un opioide o una de sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptable.
2. Una composición según la reivindicación 1, en
la que una cantidad de anestésico local está en un intervalo de
aproximadamente 0,01 por ciento a aproximadamente 0,5 por ciento de
un peso total de la composición.
3. Una composición según la reivindicación 1 o la
reivindicación 2, en la que una cantidad de opioide está en un
intervalo de aproximadamente 0,05 por ciento a aproximadamente 1
por ciento de un peso total de la composición.
4. Una composición según una cualquiera de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 3, en la que una cantidad de mucoadhesivo está
en un intervalo de aproximadamente 0,1 por ciento a aproximadamente
40 por ciento de un peso total de la composición.
5. Una composición según la reivindicación 4, en
la que una cantidad del mucoadhesivo está en un intervalo de
aproximadamente 15 por ciento a aproximadamente 25 por ciento de un
peso total de la composición.
6. Una composición según una cualquiera de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 5, en la que el mucoadhesivo es un copolímero
en bloque de óxido de etileno y óxido de propileno.
7. Una composición según una cualquiera de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 6, en la que el mucoadhesivo es un copolímero
en bloque de óxido de etileno y óxido de propileno de una fórmula
I:
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
en la que x es un número entero que
tiene un valor medio en el intervalo de aproximadamente 2 a
aproximadamente 128; y es un número entero que tiene un valor medio
en el intervalo de aproximadamente 14 a aproximadamente 80; y z es
un número entero que tiene un valor medio en el intervalo de
aproximadamente 2 a aproximadamente
128.
8. Una composición según una cualquiera de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 7, en la que el mucoadhesivo es poloxamer
407.
9. Una composición según una cualquiera de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 8, en la que el anestésico local se elige
entre el grupo que consiste en lidocaína, tetracaína, bupivacaína,
prilocaína, mepivacaína, procaína, cloroprocaína, ropivacaína,
dibucaína, etidocaína, benzocaína, una de sus sales
farmacéuticamente aceptable, y una de sus mezclas.
10. Una composición según la reivindicación 9, en
la que el anestésico local es lidocaína o una de sus sales
farmacéuticamente aceptable.
11. Una composición según una cualquiera de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 10, en la que el opioide es morfina o
loperamida o una de sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptable.
12. Una composición según la reivindicación 11,
en la que el opioide es morfina o una de sus sales
farmacéuticamente aceptable.
13. Un recipiente adaptado para aplicación tópica
que contiene una composición que comprende un mucoadhesivo, un
anestésico local o una de sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptable, y
un opioide o una de sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptable.
14. Un recipiente según la reivindicación 13,
empaquetado en asociación con instrucciones, comprendiendo las
instrucciones: aplicar por vía tópica la composición sobre una
membrana mucosa o de un sujeto.
15. Un recipiente según la reivindicación 13 o la
reivindicación 14, en la que la composición se caracteriza
por una cualquiera o más características tal como se han definido
en las reivindicaciones 2 a 12.
16. Una composición según una cualquiera de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 12 o un recipiente según una cualquiera de las
reivindicaciones 13 a 15 para uso como un medicamento.
17. Uso de una composición según una cualquiera
de las reivindicaciones 1 a 12 o un recipiente según una cualquiera
de las reivindicaciones 13 a 15 para la fabricación de un
medicamento para inducir anestesia local.
18. Uso según la reivindicación 17, en el que el
medicamento es para aplicación tópica.
19. Uso según la reivindicación 18, en el que el
medicamento es para aplicación tópica sobre una membrana
mucosa.
20. Uso según la reivindicación 19, en el que la
membrana mucosa es una membrana mucosa bucal.
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EP (1) | EP1296650B1 (es) |
JP (2) | JP2004501181A (es) |
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CA (1) | CA2413545A1 (es) |
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-
2001
- 2001-06-25 US US09/888,466 patent/US20020013331A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-26 DE DE60109164T patent/DE60109164T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-26 ES ES01948733T patent/ES2239144T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-26 AT AT01948733T patent/ATE289802T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-26 WO PCT/US2001/020322 patent/WO2002000195A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-06-26 EP EP01948733A patent/EP1296650B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-26 PT PT01948733T patent/PT1296650E/pt unknown
- 2001-06-26 AU AU2001270177A patent/AU2001270177A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-26 CA CA002413545A patent/CA2413545A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-26 JP JP2002504977A patent/JP2004501181A/ja active Pending
- 2001-06-26 IL IL15365601A patent/IL153656A0/xx unknown
-
2002
- 2002-06-17 US US10/172,455 patent/US6509028B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-25 IL IL153656A patent/IL153656A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-01-21 US US10/347,385 patent/US20030124190A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2008
- 2008-06-23 JP JP2008163375A patent/JP2009001574A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE289802T1 (de) | 2005-03-15 |
IL153656A (en) | 2010-05-31 |
IL153656A0 (en) | 2003-07-06 |
PT1296650E (pt) | 2005-06-30 |
US20020192288A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
US6509028B2 (en) | 2003-01-21 |
DE60109164D1 (de) | 2005-04-07 |
WO2002000195A3 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
EP1296650A2 (en) | 2003-04-02 |
CA2413545A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 |
JP2009001574A (ja) | 2009-01-08 |
JP2004501181A (ja) | 2004-01-15 |
US20020013331A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
WO2002000195A2 (en) | 2002-01-03 |
US20030124190A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
AU2001270177A1 (en) | 2002-01-08 |
DE60109164T2 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
EP1296650B1 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
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