ES2192903A1 - Vaporizador para liquido a baja temperatura - Google Patents

Vaporizador para liquido a baja temperatura

Info

Publication number
ES2192903A1
ES2192903A1 ES200001540A ES200001540A ES2192903A1 ES 2192903 A1 ES2192903 A1 ES 2192903A1 ES 200001540 A ES200001540 A ES 200001540A ES 200001540 A ES200001540 A ES 200001540A ES 2192903 A1 ES2192903 A1 ES 2192903A1
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
low temperature
temperature liquid
slow cooling
vaporizer
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
ES200001540A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
ES2192903B1 (es
Inventor
Shuji Yamamoto
Yasuhiro Ueno
Susumu Terada
Kozo Nakaoki
Kuniteru Sugino
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kobe Steel Ltd
Original Assignee
Kobe Steel Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kobe Steel Ltd filed Critical Kobe Steel Ltd
Publication of ES2192903A1 publication Critical patent/ES2192903A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2192903B1 publication Critical patent/ES2192903B1/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
    • F28F9/0273—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D7/0083—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium
    • F28D7/0091—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium the supplementary medium flowing in series through the units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/018—Supporting feet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0316—Water heating
    • F17C2227/0318—Water heating using seawater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0323—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid in a closed loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/05—Regasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
    • F28D2021/0064—Vaporizers, e.g. evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Vaporizador para líquido a baja temperatura. Se describe un método y un dispositivo para limitar efectivamente la generación de esfuerzo térmico al efectuar enfriamiento lento al tiempo de la puesta en marcha, etc, de un termointercambiador para calentar un líquido a baja temperatura. En un método para efectuar enfriamiento lento en un termointercambiador equipado con una cámara de entrada en la que se introduce un líquido a baja temperatura, el líquido a. baja temperatura se rocía en la cámara de entrada durante el enfriamiento lento a una velocidad de flujo menor que durante la operación normal. Un dispositivo de enfriamiento lento está equipado con unos medios de suministro de GNL de enfriamiento lento que tienen unos medios para rociar el líquido a baja temperatura.
ES200001540A 1999-06-28 2000-06-20 Vaporizador para liquido a baja temperatura. Expired - Fee Related ES2192903B1 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP18162099A JP4291459B2 (ja) 1999-06-28 1999-06-28 熱交換器の徐冷方法及び装置
JPHEI-11-181620 1999-06-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2192903A1 true ES2192903A1 (es) 2003-10-16
ES2192903B1 ES2192903B1 (es) 2005-02-16

Family

ID=16103988

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES200001540A Expired - Fee Related ES2192903B1 (es) 1999-06-28 2000-06-20 Vaporizador para liquido a baja temperatura.

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6367265B1 (es)
JP (1) JP4291459B2 (es)
CN (1) CN1283777A (es)
ES (1) ES2192903B1 (es)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050081535A1 (en) * 2003-10-16 2005-04-21 Engdahl Gerald E. Spiral tube LNG vaporizer
JP2005147311A (ja) * 2003-11-18 2005-06-09 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp コールドエバポレータ
WO2005072144A2 (en) 2004-01-16 2005-08-11 Aker Kvaerner, Inc. Gas conditioning process for the recovery of lpg/ngl (c2+) from lng
US20070028647A1 (en) * 2005-08-04 2007-02-08 York International Condenser inlet diffuser
US20070095077A1 (en) * 2005-11-01 2007-05-03 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. LNG by-pass for open rack vaporizer during LNG regasification
JP4933125B2 (ja) * 2006-03-28 2012-05-16 石油コンビナート高度統合運営技術研究組合 シェルアンドチューブ形熱交換器
US8943854B2 (en) * 2009-01-06 2015-02-03 Danfoss Qinbao (Hangzhou) Plate Heat Exchanger Company Limited Heat exchanger and air condition system
NO331474B1 (no) * 2009-11-13 2012-01-09 Hamworthy Gas Systems As Installasjon for gjengassing av LNG
US20110289940A1 (en) * 2010-05-27 2011-12-01 Lummus Technology Inc. Liquid natural gas vaporization
CN103791744B (zh) * 2014-01-21 2017-02-08 郑州四维淀粉技术开发有限公司 双相变潜热换热器
US10072900B2 (en) * 2014-09-16 2018-09-11 Mahle International Gmbh Heat exchanger distributor with intersecting streams
DE202015008836U1 (de) 2015-12-28 2016-02-25 Eco ice Kälte GmbH Wärmeaustauscher zur Rückgewinnung von Kälte bei der Regasifizierung tiefkalter Flüssigkeiten
DE102016006121A1 (de) 2015-12-28 2017-06-29 Eco ice Kälte GmbH Verfahren und Wärmeaustauscher zur Rückgewinnung von Kälte bei der Regasifizierung tiefkalter Flüssigkeiten
WO2018024921A1 (es) * 2016-08-02 2018-02-08 Wga Water Global Access, S.L. Dispositivo regasificador
CN106767020A (zh) * 2017-01-03 2017-05-31 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 一种壳管蒸发器
DE102017012125A1 (de) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-04 Eco ice Kälte GmbH Wärmeübertragungseinrichtung für die Kältebereitstellung in Kühlfahrzeugen, deren Kraftfahrzeugmotor mit LNG angetrieben wird
JP2019178737A (ja) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-17 大阪瓦斯株式会社 液化天然ガス気化器及び液化天然ガス気化器の運転方法
CN108917447A (zh) * 2018-08-07 2018-11-30 广州市铁鑫金属结构有限公司 一种汽化器
WO2021081985A1 (en) * 2019-11-01 2021-05-06 Cryostar Sas Vaporizer for vaporization of liquefied gases and method of vaporizing liquefied gas

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2480472A (en) * 1944-09-20 1949-08-30 Pittsburgh Des Moines Company Method and means of precooling insulated tanks for storing cold liquids
US2966040A (en) * 1958-06-24 1960-12-27 Conch Int Methane Ltd Tank for the storage and transportation of a low boiling liquid
US3771596A (en) * 1971-10-27 1973-11-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Industrial technique
US3946572A (en) * 1974-09-26 1976-03-30 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Apparatus for transferring cryogenic liquid from one dewar to another
JPH08334291A (ja) * 1995-06-09 1996-12-17 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd 液化ガス用蒸発装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3986340A (en) * 1975-03-10 1976-10-19 Bivins Jr Henry W Method and apparatus for providing superheated gaseous fluid from a low temperature liquid supply
FR2571837B1 (fr) * 1984-10-17 1987-01-30 Air Liquide Appareil de rechauffage de fluide
US5582015A (en) * 1994-12-27 1996-12-10 Ecometrics Corp. Liquid nitrogen capillary heat exchanger
NO180426C (no) * 1995-03-16 1997-04-16 Kvaerner Moss Tech As Anordning ved varmevekslere

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2480472A (en) * 1944-09-20 1949-08-30 Pittsburgh Des Moines Company Method and means of precooling insulated tanks for storing cold liquids
US2966040A (en) * 1958-06-24 1960-12-27 Conch Int Methane Ltd Tank for the storage and transportation of a low boiling liquid
US3771596A (en) * 1971-10-27 1973-11-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Industrial technique
US3946572A (en) * 1974-09-26 1976-03-30 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Apparatus for transferring cryogenic liquid from one dewar to another
JPH08334291A (ja) * 1995-06-09 1996-12-17 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd 液化ガス用蒸発装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
[en línea] [recuperado el 04.09.2003] Recuperado de EPO PAJ DATABASE & JP 08334291 A (KAWASAKI HEAVY IND LTD) 17.12.1996, descripción; figuras 1,12. *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2192903B1 (es) 2005-02-16
JP2001012874A (ja) 2001-01-19
US6367265B1 (en) 2002-04-09
CN1283777A (zh) 2001-02-14
JP4291459B2 (ja) 2009-07-08

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